一、单项选择题在每小题列出四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。
Open up most fashion magazines and you will see incredibly thin models with impossible hair and wearing unreasonably expensive, impracticably styled clothes. But shouldn't clothes be comfortably durable and make a principle of being simple for the individual who wears them? Why are we constantly told that we need to buy new clothes and add fresh pieces to our collection?
Fashions change year after year so lots of people can make piles of money. If folks are convinced that they need a different look each season, that this year's sweater's length and shoes style are important, they can be persuaded to buy. The fashion industry would have you ignore your shortcomings and just make you feel beautiful and happy. In fact it is not only a phenomenon we can find in people's dressing.
Fashion controls our lives. Fashion controls what we wear, what we eat, what we drink, the way we cut our hair, the makeup We buy and use, the color of the cars we drive. Fashion even controls our ideas.
You don't believe me? How many of your friends are vegetarians? Why are they vegetarians? Because it is fashionable!
Where does fashion come from? Often the reasons are quite logical. Scientists and historians study the fashions of the past and discover the secrets of each fashion.
When girls see an attractive guy, their blood pressure rises and their lips become redder. That's why guys think that girls wearing lipstick are beautiful.
Why do guys shave their heads? In the past soldiers shaved their heads to kill the insects that lived in their hair. Now guys shave their heads so that they look strong and masculine, like soldiers.
People spend a lot of time and money on fashion. But are they wasting their money? Changes in fashion help to develop new technologies. Changes in style create work for people all over the world. Many people work in the fashion industry, particularly in the fashion capitals of London, New York, Paris and Milan.
And finally, fashion makes you feel good, doesn't it? When you are dressed in the latest style, dancing to the most fashionable music, after watching the latest hit film, you feel great, don't you? Britons spend as much as nearly five hours a week keeping their homes clean, a survey found. Kitchens are cleaned most often, while doing the oven and windows are the least popular jobs. In total, they spend just over £1 billion a year on products to keep the dirt at bay--almost £ 40 per household. Market analyst Mintel found a clear division of labor.
While the average Briton spends 4 hours 40 minutes cleaning their home each week, men spend just 3 hours 53 minutes compared to 5 hours 25 minutes for women.
And while seven in ten women say they do most of the cleaning, this falls to four in ten for men. Confirming many parents' feelings, only one in five adult children and over living at their parents' home helps with cleaning chores, with children under 18 doing even less.
Last year, the household cleaning market was worth~1.06 billion,which equates to annual spending of £39.89 per household.
Those looking for the cleanest homes in the country should head to Scotland, where people spend an average of 5 fours 6 minutes, which is closely followed by East and West Midlands at 5 hours 1 minute.
In comparison, the least number of hours cleaning is spent in the south east/East Anglia at 4 hours 18 minutes.
The southwest and Wales stand at 4 hours 46 minutes, the northwest 4 hours 44 minutes, and Yorkshire and the Humber 4 hours 21 minutes.
According to Richard Caines, Mintel's senior household care analyst, men still lag women in the household cleaning stakes and spend on average an hour and a half less time cleaning their home, suggesting an opportunity for a campaign to encourage more cleaning by men to help redress this imbalance.
The number of households that need cleaning is continuing to grow, but pressure on time from increasingly busy lives limits the number of hours people are willing or able to spend cleaning their homes.
This means the market will see an increasing focus on easy-to-use, but effective hard surface cleaners and cleaning equipment.
Such products can help encourage more cleaning to be done in less time, but as well as focusing on more convenient products, cleaning brands can also inject an element of fun into campaigns through encouraging a more shared approach that involves the whole family. This will also help to address the gender imbalance and get older children to make more of a contribution to cleaning. 二、简答题(本大题共20分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
1. 简述在课堂教学中教师扮演着哪些不同的角色,并谈谈不同角色发挥的作用。(列举至少5种角色)
在课堂教学中教师扮演的角色有:
(1)控制者。教师既要控制教学的进度、时间,又要使学习者有同等的机会参与教学活动,确保学习者能够使用一定的目的语表达自己的观点,确保他们的表达具有一定的准确性。但是,教师的控制要适度。过多的控制和过少的控制都对教学无益,而且不同的教学活动需要不同程度的控制。一般认为,教学活动越具有交际性,需要的控制越少。
(2)评估者。作为评估者教师要做两件事:一是纠错;二是组织反馈。
(3)组织者。在组织课堂活动之前,教师要预设活动的形态和活动进行中可能出现的问题。学生开始活动前,教师要简洁明了地介绍活动规则,必要时需要教师做出示范。学生执行活动过程中,教师要巡视课堂,为无法完成活动或对活动有疑问的学生及时提供帮助。
(4)提示者。当学生不知道怎样开始活动,或者不知道接下来怎么做、怎么说,或者学生出错时,教师应及时给予提示。
(5)合作者。教师可以积极参与课堂活动,以平等的身份与学生进行讨论,多为学生提供说的机会,适当地发挥解决疑难或者示范的作用,使学生感受到英语学习的乐趣。
(6)资源提供者。尽管“填鸭式”教学备受批评,但是对学生而言教师是知识的主要来源,这一点是毋庸置疑的。当学生在学习中遇到困难时,教师应提供一定的知识资源,帮助学生解决疑惑,取得进步。
三、教学情境分析题(本大题共30分)
根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
1. 请你指出下面三个教学目标制定是否合理,并分别说明理由。
(1)Group the general idea of the reading material.
(2)Improve the students' reading ability.
(3)Arouse the students' awareness of helping others in need.
从案例中制定的教学目标可以看出,这节阅读课的教学目标包括了知识、技能和情感三方面的目标,即通过该课的学习,学生能够理解故事的大意;在阅读过程中提高学生的阅读能力和培养学生乐于助人的意识。但整个表达不够完整、具体、明确,设计过于形式化、笼统化,没能根据自己的实际授课内容设计出符合本课的教学目标,对教学缺乏有效的指导。
(1)知识目标不仅是理解文章的大意,而且要围绕本课出现的重点语音、词汇、语法、话题等内容展开;
(2)技能目标要明确提出培养和提高学生何种阅读技能,如预测、略读、寻读、猜词、推理、判断、概括、评价等,可操作性要强;
(3)情感目标要根据单元话题内容,确定具体明确的、可落实的情感态度目标,并以阅读材料为载体,引导学生思维的发展;
(4)教学目标还要落实过程与方法的指导。
四、教学设计题(本大题共40分)
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。
1. 设计任务:请根据提供的信息和语言素材设计一节说写课的教学方案。
该方案应突出下列要点:
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间:45分钟
学生概况:某城镇普通中学高中二年级学生,班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材:
SPEAKING TASK
Now you have the chance to create a new festival. Talk with your partner and make a name for your festival. Prepare a short report about your new festival and present it to the class.
Points to discuss:
●when the festival takes place
●what the festival is for
●what people do at the festival
●what people eat at the festival
WRITING TASK
Write a brochure for the new festival that you have created, introducing it and giving advice to those who want to come. Be sure to include:
●where it will take place
●how people can get there
●what kind of weather people should expect
●what things people should bring
●three things that visitors should see
●how much it will cost
●Use the following expressions to help you.
●You must...You should...
You could...You can...
You might...You would...
You would have to...You need...
Teaching objectives:
(1)Knowledge objective
Students will learn some new words and phrases about festivals.
(2)Ability objective
Students can talk about festivals and write dialogues with new words and grammar.
(3)Emotion objective
Students will have a further understanding of festivals and can speak confidently in front of the class.
Teaching contents:
(1)Comprehension of the given text.
(2)Organizing a short speech on festival in pairs or in groups.
(3)Difficult words and phrases.
(4)Writing task.
Teaching key and difficult points:
(1)Application of grammar points and new words.
(2)Presentation of speeches in class.
(3)To write a brochure after class with new expressions.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Warming-up(5 minutes)
Watch a video clip about festivals around the world and introduce new words and phrases about them.
(Justification: The show of the video provides the students with basic knowledge about festivals.)
Step 2 Pre-writing(10 minutes)
Read the requirements and ask students to work in pairs on short speeches.
(Justification:The speeches between students can activate their interest and prepare for the next writing task.)
Step 3 While-writing(20 minutes)
(1)Write an outline
Write an outline in groups according to the requirements and the speeches, and exchange the outlines and make suggestions between groups.
(2)Write a draft
Write a draft according to the requirement and the outline.
(Justification: The task uses the process-oriented approach to cultivate students' writing ability.)
Step 4 Post-writing(7 minutes)
Assess your brochure with your partner's according to the following criteria:
(1)Whether the spelling is right.
(2)Whether the organization can realize the purpose.
(3)Whether it is neat, beautiful and easy to read.
(Justification: The criteria will enable students to bear the tasks in mind clearly. The mutual assistance will help them improve writing ability.)
Step 5 Homework(3 minutes)
Make further amendments to your draft according to your partner's suggestions. And hand in your writing the next day.
(Justification: The task can help students to amend the draft better after class.)