Ⅰ.重写句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. As the place is far and the time is limited, I hope you can start early. (loose sentence)
I hope you can start early as thr place is far and the time is limited.
[解析] 本题考查将句子改写为松句,把句子的中心意思“I hope you can start early”移至句首即可。
2. I saw that wounded dog under the bridge when I was on my way home. (periodic sentence)
When I was on my way home, I saw that wounded dog under the bridge.
[解析] 本题考查将松句改写为掉尾句,把中心意思“I say that wounded dog under the bridge”后置即可。
3. He wanted to work as a musician. He ended up as a magician. (compound sentence)
He wanted to work as a musician, but he ended up as a magician.
[解析] 本题考查把两个单句组合为并列的首先应分析前后句的逻辑关系,然后选择合适的并列连词。本题前后句有语意转折,可用but连接。
4. Jason is employed by M. I. T. He is a biology engineer. ( simple sentence)
Jason is employed by M.I.T. as a biology engineer.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写为简单句。简单句是最基本的句子类型,至少是含有主语、谓语动词的独立的、有意义的句子。简单句可以有一个以上的主语,也可以有一个以上的动词。与并列句相比,简单句中不能出现连接两个句子的连词不管是从属连词还是并列连词。
5. Britain came a narrow second to Hungary with 51%. In Britain, men devoted 49% of their free time to the box. (complex sentence)
Britain, where men devoted 49% of their free time to the box, came a narrow second to Hungary with 51%.
[解析] 考查的是把两个单句组合成复合句。一个含有主句和从句的句子便是复合句。主句部分是一句话的中心所在,是被强调的部分;从句部分,由从属连词引导。本题中where引导的从句作Britain的定语从句。
6. I hated to walk home from the company. The street had no street lamps. It was lined with deserted buildings. (compound-complex sentence)
I hated to walk home from the company because the street had no street lamps and was lined with deserted buildings.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写为并列复合句。由句意可以判断,第一个句子和后两个句子之间是因果关系,因此选用表示因果关系的连词because来引导从句;后两个简单句之间又是并列关系,符合并列复合句对“并列”的要求。
7. He can sing beautiful songs in English. He can also write beautiful essays in English. (sentence with parallel structure)
He can sing beautiful songs and write beautifld essays in English.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改写为含平行结构的句子。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来的结构。平行结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。此题两句子中都有动词词组,可以把它们并列起来。
8. Fifty-seven percent of young people in the U. S. graduated, and these young people obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in four years. (sentence with a prepositional phrase)
Fifty-seven percent of young people in the U.S. graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in for years.
[解析] 本题考查的是把句子改写为含介词短语的句自。分析题目可发现,原句后半句主语和前面的相同,其动宾结构可转化为介词结构作graduated的状语。
9. The route can be changed. I know several people. They don' t like any change. (compound-complex sentence)
The route can be changed. but I know several people who don't like any change.
[解析] 本题考查的是把若干分句组合为并列复合句。题目中第二个句子和第三个句子组成复合句后通过but一词与首句构成并列关系。
10. I forgot the time. I missed the train. ( complex sentence)
Because I forgot the time, I missed the train.
[解析] 本题考查把句子改为复合句。复合句是有主有从的句子,所以把意思较为次要的句子转化为从句即可。由于两句话之间是因果关系,所以应把第一句话转化为表示原因的从句,用because引导。
Ⅱ.改写病句Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. My brother' s house is on Alp Street. Which is getting new sewers next week.
My brother's house is on Alp Street, which is getting new sewers next week.
[解析] 本题考查的是修饰语错置引起的病句。题目中后句原是前句中Alp Street的定语从句,所以可直接与前句连接起来。
2. Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers can be used to make purchases at a particular store.
Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers, which can be used to makepurchases at a particular store.
[解析] 本题考查的是破句的修改。题目中“can beused to make…”缺少主语,故可添加which或that作引导词连接前句。
3. Born in New Zealand, it is natural to enjoy eating roast lamb.
For a person born in New Zealand. it is natural to enjoy eating roast lamb. /Born in NewZealand, it is natural for me to enjoy eating roastlamb.
[解析] 本题考查的是缺少逻辑主语引起的破句的修改,故为句子添加主语即可。
4. You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, for enhancing communication and professional development.
You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, to enhance communication and professional development.
[解析] 本题考查错误平行结构的修改。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来的结构。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达,就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有平行结构的句子,在平行句中,把一组词组连续地排列起来,使其意义与结构均保持平行,这样句子才能显得对称美观。在此题中,“to bring about change”, “for enhancing communication and professional development”都是目的状语,应构成平行结构,因此把“enhancing”改成原形,for改成不定式符号“to”以达到平行效果。
5. I want either to study English or study world history.
I want to study either English or world history.
[解析] 本题错误出在并列连词的使用上。并列连词(如either…or;neither…nor; not only…butalso…;both…and…等)连接的前后两个部分必须具有对称的语法结构。在此题中,连词eifher…or…前后连接的两个成分“to study English”和“study world history”语法结构不同,因此要把either移至English之前,以达到平行对称的效果。
Ⅲ.标出主题句1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below by writing A, B, C or D.
A. The purposes of sleep are to rest our bodies and minds.
B. Passive sleep helps us to rest our bodies while active sleep helps us to rest our minds.
C. In passive sleep, the heart slows down and the body processes become very slow,leaving the body at rest.
D. In active sleep, the brain temperature rises and the brain becomes very active and then dreaming occurs, helping us to rest our minds.
Answer :______
Answer:B
[解析] 此题主要考查的是主题句的范围。主题句的作用是概括一个段落的中心意思,所以它往往是一个表示一般概念的句子,范围太大或者太小,都会使作者无法展开段落,必须要通过某些限制性的词语将内容范围限制到一定程度.因此主题句应包括主题和限制词语。A选项是说睡觉的目的是让我们的身心得到休息。这句话不能做主题句是因为其范围太宽泛,不可能用一段话扩展充分。C、D两项均是描述太具体,不能再展开描述,犯了主题句过窄的毛病,所以不适合做主题句。只有B选项适合,“消极睡眠可以让我们的身体得到休息,而积极睡眠可以让我们的大脑得到休息”这句话概括全面,而且范围适中,所以应该是主题句。
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Deaf people-people who can't hear-are still able to communicate quite well, with a special language. It's called sign language. The speaker of sign language uses hand gestures in order to communicate. Basic sign language has been used for a long, long time. But sign language wasn't really developed until about 250 years ago. In the middle of the 1700s, a Frenchman named Epee developed sign language. Epee was able to speak and hear, but he worked during most of his life as a teacher of deaf people in France. Epee developed a large number of words for sign language. Epee's system used mostly "picture-image" signs. We call them picture-image signs because the signs create a picture.
Deaf people-people who can't hear-are still able to communicate quite well, with a special language. It's called sign language. The speaker of sign language uses hand gestures in order to communicate.Basic sign language has been used for a long, longtime, BUt sign language wasn't really developed until about 250 years ago. In the middle of the 1700s.a Frenchman named Epee developed sign language.Epee was able to speak and hear, but he workedduring most of his life as a teacher of deaf people inFrance. Epee developed a large number of words forsign language. Epee's system used mostly "picture-image"signs. We call them pieture-image signs because the signs create a picture.
[解析] 主题句通常位于段首,但有时也出现在段中或者段尾。这段话主要是说聋哑人虽然听不到,但是他们仍能很好地交流,因为他们能用一种特殊的语言交流,这种语言就是符号语言。使用符号语言的人用手势语来交流。人们使用基本的符号语言已经很长时间了,但是直到250年以前符号语言才有所发展。在18世纪中叶,一个叫Epee的法国人推动了符号语言的发展。Epee既不聋也不哑,但是他却大半生都奉献给了聋哑人。他在法国教聋哑人如何交流。他为符号语言创造了很多新的词语。Epee发展的符号系统主要用的是图片标志,我们把这种语言称为图像符号,因为这些符号都使人联想到图像。由此可见这段话主要是介绍符号语言,主要是讲符号语言的发展,所以第一句话是主题句。
3. Read the following paragraph carefully and choose the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph by writing A, B, C or D.
Topic Sentence :______
If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything so radical as winning a lottery to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card that can be obtained for a few dollars from the Council on International Educational Exchange entitles you to discount tickets to certain charter flights to London and Paris, as well as reduced admission to many museums, cinemas, and musical events. Once in Europe, you can stay at approved youth hotels for about two dollars a night. So don' t give up your hopes of becoming an international traveler.
A. It is easy for a student to travel in Europe during the summer.
B. The student needs to obtain an identity card to travel at a cheap rate.
C. The student could stay at approved youth hotels for about two dollars a night.
D. The students will become international travelers in summer.
Topic sentence:A
[解析] 先看本段话大意:如果你不想找一个含糊其辞的理由又待在家里度过一个无聊的暑假的话,那么考虑一下这个能够使你提起精神的主意吧。无需彩票中奖才能有钱去欧洲旅游一趟,你只需花几美元从国际教育交流委员会处弄一个学生证,就可以买从伦敦飞往巴黎的打折包机机票了,而且去很多博物馆、剧院和一些音乐活动也会便宜很多。到了欧洲你还可以在政府批准的青年旅馆住宿,每天晚上才两美元。所以千万不要放弃国际旅行的愿望。下面看选项,B、C两项都只说出段落中其中一部分内容,不全面,所以不能作主题句。D选项中用will,是说学生即将在暑假进行国际旅游,显然和文章内容不符,只有A选项“学生在暑假期间去欧洲旅行很容易”正确。
Ⅳ.重新组合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.1. 19. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.
20. In fact, we make choices between "fight" and" flight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life and death.
21. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives ( it would be unwise to do so even if we could) ,we need to find ways to deal with it.
22. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.
23. When exposed to stress in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically.
24. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continual exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered.
25. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.
26. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, hut however little the stress, it involves the same response.
27. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.
22 |
19 |
27 |
23 |
20 |
26 |
24 |
25 |
21 |
[解析] 通读全段可知,这段话主要是说不同人对压力的不同反应,以及压力对人体健康的影响。由第19句的“some people”,第20句的“in fact”,第21句的“since”,第25句的“such”,第27句的“others”可知,这些句子都不能做首句,所以第22句即为段首。第22句说不同人对压力的反应不同,接下来的一句话应该对这句话进行论证,所以第22句应该是本段的第二句。再根据some…others…可以判断,下面一句话应该是第27句。第24句说的是压力对身体健康的影响,紧接着的一句话应该是对此的举例说明,所以应该是第25句。所以这段话的顺序应该是:22,19,27,23,20,26,24,25,21。
Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子1. The recent water shortage in California forced changes in Californians' lifestyles. When water was rationed, Californians learned to conserve water. They didn't water their lawns or gardens or wash their automobiles. They took buses to save some gas. They took fewer showers and baths. The water shortage lasted two years. Californians also learned to recycle water. For example, they used the rinse water from their washing machines to water their house plants and gardens.
The recent water shortage in California foreed changes in Californians' lifestyles. When water was rationed, Californians learned to conselwe water. Theydidn't water their lawns or gardens or wash their automobiles. They took buses to save some gas. They tookfewer sbowers and baths. The water shortage lasted twoyears. Californians also learned to recycle water. For example, they used the rinse water from their washing machines to water their house plants and gardens.
[解析] 这种题型相对简单,主要是考查段落的统一性。统一性要求段落的支持句都必须围绕段落主题句的中心思想展开,并要求在人称、时态、文体等方面互相保持一致,任何与主题关联不大的内容都应予以删除。这段话主要是讲缺水对加利福尼亚人生活方式的影响。他们学会了如何节约用水,如何循环用水。只有“They took buses to save somegas. ”知“The water shortage lasted two years.”两句话是多余的,与生活方式的改变无关。
Ⅵ.写信1. Write a letter according to the following situation: you come across a piece of news from China Daily that Zhaoyang High School in Gansu Province is recruiting English teachers. You (Zhang Ming), an English major going to graduate next summer, decide to apply for it. In the letter, make sure to include your devotion to education,your enthusiasm to work in the Northwest of our country, and your qualifications for the job. Don't forget to leave your phone number(555 -5555 )for further contact. (150-200 words)
Mar.10, 2011
Dear Sir or Madam,
I got the news from China Daily the other day that you are recruiting English teachers,and now I am writing to apply for the position.
As far as I know, there are still many povertystricken areas in tbe northwestern part of our country and teachers are badly needed there.Since educationremains the basic means to alleviate poverty and improve people's living standards. I have long determinedto become a teacher there and make my own eontributions.
I am now an English major with excellent performanee in class, and I am going to graduate with good grades next summer. It would be greatly appreciated ifyou could offer me this chance to help with the construetion of the Northwest of our country as teacher. I amsure that my sense of commitment, educational background and qualifications would not disappoint you.
I can be reached by telephone at 555-5555. Please feel free to contact me for any further discussion.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Ming
[解析] 此题考查信函的写法。英语信函包括6个部分:写信人地址、收信人地址、称谓、正文、结束语和签名。在写英语信时,应注意:(1)英、汉书写地址的排列顺序不同;(2)在私人信件中,信笺里收信人的地址常被略去;(3)在私人信件中,称呼对方的名;在商用信函中,称呼对方的姓;(4)对不认识的人,或不知对方身份、性别的人的称呼用语;(5)商用信函和私人信件所用的不同的结束语;(6)商用信函签名时,要在亲笔签名下用打字机打出自己的名字和身份;(7)若随信有附寄的东西,就写上“Enclosure(s)”或“Encl.”的字样,若有遗忘的事需要补写,就写上“P.S.”字样。此题要求根据下列情况写一封信:你偶然在China Daily上看到一则消_息:甘肃省朝阳中学将招聘英语教师。你是一名即将于明年夏天毕业的英语专业的学生,你决定申请这个工作。所以这应是一封求职信。而且题中要求你所写的内容应包括:你对教育工作的热爱,你对在西北部工作的热忱,以及你申请这个工作所具备的条件。在写信时,你可以首先说明你写信的目的,然后再写你希望在西北部工作的原因以及你申请这个工作所具备的条件。因为这是一封求职信,你还须要留下你的联系方式。