Passage One In the Arctic Circle, it is not that Eskimos lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence. This effectually retards progress to higher development. Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone, and bones of animals. All of these have been used for habitations and storage places, differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers. The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes the houses more impervious (不能渗透的) to the cold. Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very likely to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual construction of such a tent is similar to that used by other, more southerly tribes and will be described later. The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation. Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the delicate art is worth recording and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses.
1. Eskimos' efforts to build houses ______.
A.result in various buildings
B.are limited by a hostile environment
C.are restricted by their ability
D.retard progress to higher development
A B C D
B
本题是一道具体细节题。问爱斯基摩人建房的努力如何。利用查阅式阅读法,我们可以在第一段中找到相关内容。这段指出,居住在北极圈里的爱斯基摩人,不是因为缺乏能力或勤劳的精神,而是环境将其建筑水平限制在仅能满足最起码的生存需要的水平,这大大地阻碍了他们向前发展的步伐。从第一句话来看,effort是restrict的宾语;换言之,受限的是努力或尝试,而限制努力或尝试变为现实的是环境(Surroudings或environment)。因此,本题的正确答案应是B“受限于恶劣的环境”。 A“结果是建造了各种各样的房屋”。第二段第四句指出,环境客观上限制了爱斯基摩人只能利用有限的建筑材料来建筑住处或贮藏室(habitations and storage.places),而这些建筑物又根据不同需要和建筑者的技术水平在不同部落有所不同。可见,这里强调的不是主观上想建造不同风格的房子,而是客观上为适应环境的需要而建造不同材料的房子。 C“为他们的能力所限”。这正是文章中第一句话所否定的。 D“使较快的发展步伐受到阻碍”。这并非努力的结果,而是努力受到客观限制的结果。 因此,A、C和D均为错误选项。
2. Which of the following about the construction of houses is true?
A.Building materials differ from tribe to tribe.
B.Building materials are the same for all the houses.
C.Building materials are selected according to weather.
D.Building materials are decided by skilled workers.
Passage Two We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed and not be seen by the press. Then, with President Yahya's cooperation he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistani plane would fly him over the mountains to China. Kissinger's trip was given the code (密码) name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journeying to China. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illness in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making arrangements for their own entertainment. Because of the need for complete secrecy and the lack of any direct communication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So before Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word—Eureka—which he would use if his mission were successful. On July 11, A1 Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived. "What's the message?" I asked. "Eureka," he replied.
Passage Three Who are the poor in the United States? As of 1970, nearly two-thirds of the poor people were white. Although nonwhites make up only one-third of those classified as poor, this reflects a great overrepresentation (过分代表) of their number because the nonwhites made up less than 16 percent of the total population in 1970. Other categories (种类,类型) also help to define the poor. There are the aged poor. Almost one-fifth of all poor Americans are aged 65 or older. Another large segment of the poor in the United States is found in rural areas. Nearly one-fourth of all people living on farms in 1970 were classified as poor. Migrant workers and American Indians are included as part of the rural poor. But the greatest number of poor Americans is found in the cities. More than one-half of all single individuals whose income was below $3000 in 1970 lived in urban areas, as did one-half of all four-person families with incomes below $6000. Government officials have found it important to define who the poor are because each group has different needs. Different approaches are needed to help solve the problems of the poor.
1. According to the passage, all of the following are valid statements concerning the poor EXCEPT that ______.
Passage Four There are approximately three quarters of a ton of termites (白蚁) for every person on Earth. It now turns out that these critters (生物) may be helping to alter the climate and affect man's life. For years scientists have been saying that carbon dioxide sent into the atmosphere by the burning of fuels might lead to the rise in temperatures of the whole earth, owing to the greenhouse effect in which the gas prevents the escape of heat into outer space. Now an international team of researchers has discovered that termites generate more than twice the carbon dioxide that fuel burning does. And this production, which comes from the insects' eating and consuming of different kinds of vegetables and wood has risen greatly. This is chiefly because man has cut so many trees in order to open more land and thus has provided large quantities of food for the insects in the form of tiny pieces of wood. The output from the burning of fuels is of greater concern, however, because it is continuing to rise steadily and so far no effective measures have been taken to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced in this way. Production by termites, on the other hand, is not likely to increase much more.
1. From the passage we know that "the greenhouse effect" is an effect in which ______.
Passage Five No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and rumour, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television. Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.
4. In this passage, the word "press" (Para. 2) means ______.
A.a machine for printing
B.the business printing
C.great force
D.newspapers
A B C D
D
文中第二段第一句说:“Like the press in most other Countries,American newspapers range from the‘sensational’…”从这句我们可以看出,“American newspapers”与“the press in most other countries”存在着对应关系,所以这里的“press”一词也就意味着“newspapers”。
5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A.the characteristics of American newspapers
B.the development of American newspapers
C.the functions of American newspapers
D.the merits and shortcomings of American newspapers