Part Ⅰ Vocabulary Directions:There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1. In a materialistic and ______ society people's interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.
8. Desperation, hunger, thirst, and resentment all make it more likely that people will ______ a more powerful figure who promises them help and/or salvation.
A.be prone to
B.give in to
C.live up to
D.put an end to
A B C D
A
[解析] 词组辨析。be prone to“倾向于”;give in to“向……屈服”;live up to“实现,达到”;put an end to“结束”。根据句意:绝望、饥渴和憎恨使人们更倾向于向承诺帮助他们的人求助。故答案为A。
9. Several experts have been called in to plan ______ for boating, tennis, refreshments and children's games in the projected town park.
30. All plants need light, a suitable climate, and a (n) ______ supply of water and minerals from the soil, but some species grow best in the sun and others thrive in the shade.
A.boundless
B.supplementary
C.continual
D.ample
A B C D
D
[解析] 固定用法。an ample supply of water and minerals意为“充足的水和矿物质供应”,符合句意。故答案为D。
31. His sprained ankle ______ his chances of winning the tournament.
40. It's strange that he should refuse a job in government ______ a university appointment.
A.in favor of
B.at an advantage of
C.in charge of
D.in excess of
A B C D
B
[解析] 词组辨析。in favor of“支持,赞成”;at an advantage of“处于有利条件”;in charge of“负责”;in excess of“超过”。根据句中strange...refuse提供的语境,只有at an advantage of符合句意。故答案为B。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions:In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice according to the passage you have read, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One The spectacular auroral light displays that appear in Earth's atmosphere around the north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the auroral brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign. To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth's magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, blasting, toward the Earth is the solar wind, swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic field. Charged particles in this solar wind speed earthward along the solar wind's magnetic lines of force with a spiraling motion. The Earth's magnetosphere is a barrier to solar wind, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and of the solar wind bunch together. Here many of the solar wind's charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth's magnetic field. They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly. In the polar regions, electrons from the solar wind ionize and excite the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere, causing them to emit auroral radiations of visual light. The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms emitting them. The dominant greenish-white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and emit crimson light. Excited nitrogen atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly glowing belts wrapped around each of the Earth's magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar flares that result in magnetic storms and auroral activity are very intense, auroral displays may extend as far as the southern regions of the United States. Studies of auroras have given physicists new information about the behavior of plasmas, which has helped to explain the nature of outer space and is being applied in attempts to harness energy from the fusion of atoms.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The periodic variation in the displays of auroras.
B.The information and appearance of auroras around the Earth's poles.
C.The factors that cause the variety of colors in auroras.
D.The methods used to observe auroras from outer space.
2. The passage describes the magnetosphere as a barrier because ______.
A.it is strongest in the polar regions and the magnetic lines bunch together
B.it increases the speed of the particles from the solar wind
C.it prevents particles from the solar wind from easily entering the Earth's atmosphere
D.its position makes it difficult to be observed from the Earth
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词magnetosphere,a barrier定位到原文第二段第四句。原句中的particles,the solar wind与选项C重现;原句中的flow around the magnetosphere itself与选项C中的prevents...from easily entering the Earth's atmosphere对应,“让太阳风粒子悬浮在磁力层”而不能进入大气层。故答案为C。
3. The word "undergo" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
4. Auroras may be seen in the southern regions of the United States when ______.
A.the speed of the solar wind is reduced
B.they are wrapped around the Earth's magnetic poles
C.magnetic storms do not affect the Earth
D.solar flares are very intense
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节事实题。根据题干关键词Auroras,the southern regions of the United States定位到原文尾段第三句。原句中的solar flares...are very intense与选项D重现。故答案为D。
5. The passage supports which of the following statements about scientists' understanding of auroras?
A.Before advances in technology, scientists knew little about auroras.
B.Scientists can't yet explain the causes of the different colors in auroras.
C.New knowledge about the fusion of atoms allowed scientists to learn more about auroras.
D.Until scientists learn more about plasma physics, little knowledge about auroras will be available.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节判断题。根据原文首段首句spectacular auroral light曾经是mysterious phenomena(神秘现象),极光是一种,而现在scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations帮助认识这一现象。可判断,在科技取得重大发展前,科学家对极光了解很少。故答案为A。
Passage Two No matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking Tutankhamen, come face to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum, and you will suck in your breath. It was on Nov. 4, 1923, that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh (法老) in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway. Then, on Nov. 23, Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it, what he saw was to suck the world. Inside lay the great stone coffin, enclosing three chests of gilded wood. A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover and one coffin after another was removed; Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg. In it was the mummy (木乃伊) of the 19-year-old Tutankhamen, covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask. And all this lay buried for more than 3,000 years. Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of emotion I felt and sense the hush that descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery. Cairo, a dusty city of 20 million people, is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos. It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel tracks. Take the Great Pyramids of Giza, sitting on the western edge of the city. Even as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse, a call for prayer floats over semi- finished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life. While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo, it is noise and confusion on the streets. Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is "might is right." But it is a city that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha (水烟壶). Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening traffic; young women in long skirts and headscarves hold hands with young men in open collar shirts, while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at the soccer World Cup.
1. According to the context, "suck in your breath" means "feel a sense of ______".
A.awe
B.horror
C.doubt
D.delight
A B C D
A
[解析] 语义题。根据题干关键词suck in your breath定位到原文首段尾句。suck in your breath字面意思是“深吸口气”,往往指人受到强烈的刺激(如恐吓、害怕等)之后的反应。从原文第三、四段的用词suck the world和splendid funeral mask可推知图坦卡蒙法老墓葬的华丽和壮观。故答案为A(敬畏)。
2. Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT?
A.The masked mummy was covered in gold.
B.The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise.
C.The mummy was first discovered by a British archaeologist.
D.The mummy was found lying right inside the stone coffin.
[解析] 观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后四个段落。选项A有一定干扰性,文中某些字眼,如:happily go along“和谐并行”,full of life“活力”等显示作者对这个城市的喜爱,但作者也用了dusty“灰扑扑的”,confusion“混乱”,noise“吵闹”等贬义词描述开罗,作者比较客观地描述了Cairo。故答案为C。
Passage Three The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form. So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr. Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) outlined a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F. Kennedy, "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." Another technique is the use of three-part lists. Dr. Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was "education, education, education". These techniques can be used like tools—they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriter's toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.
1. According to the passage, a successful speaker should ______.
A.have a wide range of knowledge
B.be kind and friendly
C.be full of confidence
D.both A and C
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节事实题。根据题干中的关键词a successful speaker定位到原文首段,与The success of a speech对应。原文首段首句中的knowledgeable与选项A中的knowledge为同根词;原文首段首句中的conviction与选项C中的confidence为同根词。故答案为D。
2. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the genius the best political speechwriters should possess?
3. In the speech given by former American President John F. Kennedy, the technique of ______ is used.
A.three-part lists
B.introducing contrast
C.imagery
D.anecdotes
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节事实题。根据题干关键词former American President John F. Kennedy定位到原文第五段。第五段尾句中的One of the most famous examples of this...中的this即为答案,this指代段首句的introducing contrast。故答案为B。
4. To be a winning speechwriter, one should use ______.
A.only one of the techniques
B.more than one techniques
C.all the techniques
D.one or more of the techniques
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词To be a winning speechwriter定位到原文尾段。原文尾段中的one or more of these techniques与选项D对应。故答案为D。
Passage Four While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes. "It's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner." Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating." Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck." Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
A.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
B.Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
C.Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
D.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
Passage Five When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and then they'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away. None of it ever happens, of course, of dam little but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty) "you seem so kinda grown up somehow", and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, early he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism. Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly clopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up, I'll learn to fly an aeroplane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do go pop there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet, I'll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up—I mean when they're grown up—I'll be free. Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past then you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooing the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you've ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about. The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all fight once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one's days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.
1. What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.
4. The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.
A.achieve one's ambitions at all costs
B.continue to be ambitious
C.find a compromise between ambition and reality
D.give up all one's earlier ambitions
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节推理题。根据原文第三段提到,作者幻想等孩子们长大了,I'll learn to fly...等;第四段第二句中指出当孩子们真正大了的时候,我却don't even get your evenings, have to start worrying about their friends等可以判断,作者认为,作为一个成年人必须在理想和现实间寻求平衡。故答案为C。
5. When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.
Passage Six I can think of no better career for a young novelist than to for some years a sub-editor on a rather conservative newspaper. The man who was of chief importance to me in those days was the chief sub-editor, George Anderson. I hated him in my first week, but I grew almost to love him before three years had passed. A small elderly Scotsman with a flushed face and laconic humour, he drove a new sub-editor hard with his sarcasm. Sometimes I almost fancied myself back at school again, and I was always glad when five-thirty came, for immediately the clock marked the hour when the pubs opened, he would take his bowler hat from the coat-rack and disappear for thirty minutes to his favourite bar. His place would be taken by the gentle and courteous Colonel Maude. Maude was careful to see that the new recruit was given no story which could possibly stretch his powers, and if he had been chief subeditor I doubt if I would ever have got further than a News-in-Brief paragraph. At the stroke of six, when Anderson returned and hung up his bowler, his face would have turned a deeper shade of red, to match the rose he carried always in his button hole, and his shafts of criticism, as he scanned my copy with perhaps a too flagrant headline, would have acquired a tang of friendliness. More than two years went by, and my novel "The Man Within" had been accepted by a publisher, before I discovered one slack evening, when there was hardly enough news to fill the Home pages for the ten o'clock edition, that a poet manque had dug those defenses of disappointed sarcasm. When a young man, Anderson had published a volume of translations from "Verlaine"; he had sent it to Swinburne at The Pines and he had been entertained there for tea and kind words by Watts-Dunton, though I don't think he was allowed to see the poet. He never referred to the episode again, but I began to detect in him a harsh but paternal apprehension for another young man, flushed with pride in a first book, who might suffer the same disappointment. When I came to resign he spent a long time arguing with me, and I think his real reason for trying to prevent my departure was that he foresaw a time might come when novel-writing would fail me and I would need, like himself, a quiet and secure life with the pubs opening at half-past five and the coal settling in the grate.
1. George Anderson's technique in training his assistants was to ______.
A.stand over them while they worked and make unpleasant remarks
B.go out for a drink and let them solve their own problems
C.provoke them into disliking him
D.use bitter humour to draw their attention to their mistakes
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节推断题。根据原文第四句中的laconic humour, his sarcasm判断Anderson善于用幽默来批评和指正助理人员。故答案为D。
2. The writer realized afterwards that ______.
A.Colonel Maude would deliberately have prevented him from rising in his profession
B.Colonel Maude was too cautious to give a young writer a chance to distinguish himself
C.he could not have gone on working for the newspaper if Colonel Maude had not taken over from Anderson
D.chief sub-editors should be kind, like Colonel Maude
3. When Anderson returned from the pub he was usually ______.
A.red in the face from heavy drinking
B.more conscious of the writer's mistakes
C.more good-humoured towards him
D.a little careless in reading the writer's copy
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节事实题。根据题干关键词returned from the pub与原文第八句中的the stroke of six,据此定位。原句中的a tang of friendliness与选项C对应,他喝酒回来后对助理人员的态度要友好一些。故答案为C。
4. The reason for Anderson's sarcastic humour was that he ______.
A.envied the writer for having published a novel
B.had had a volume of poetry rejected by a publisher
C.had not been able to fulfill his early ambitions
D.was bored when there was not enough news to fill the paper
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节推断题。根据文章可以判断,他的讽刺性幽默来源于未能实现的早期抱负。故答案为C。
5. The writer thinks that Anderson tried to persuade him to stay on because ______.
A.he was afraid that he would find creative writing an unrewarding career
B.he was afraid of losing such a valuable employee
C.he thought the writer was too pleased with himself
D.he was disappointed by his resignation
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节推断题。根据题干关键词tried to persuade him to stay on定位到原文尾句。原句中的novel-writing与选项A中的creative writing对应。故答案为A。
Part Ⅲ Cloze
Section A Directions:There are 20 blacks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. American suffers from an overdose of work 1 who they are or what they do. They spend 2 time at work than at any time since World War Ⅱ. In 1950, the U. S. had fewer working hours than any other 3 country. Today, it 4 every country but Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared 5 1,951 in the U.S. and 1,603 6 West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, employed American 7 an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week 8 at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. 9 , paid time off-holidays, vacations, sick leave— 10 15 percent in the 1990s. As corporations have 11 stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they 12 employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s 13 the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations. 14 wages have been reduced, workers have added hours 15 overtime or extra jobs to 16 their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job. For the first time, large 17 of people say they want to cut 18 on working hours, even if it means earning less money. But most employers are 19 to let them do so. The government, which has stepped back from its traditional 20 as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
Section B Directions:Choose one appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the blanks in the passage below. Change the word form where necessary. Remember the list contains some extra words that may not be used in filling in any of the blanks. Write the words and their correct forms on ANSWER SHEET 2. rather crawl it little before although something form make out cut away seem as away best come up Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We made our way towards the left cliff, where the going was better, though 1 steeper. Here we found 2 snow, as most of 3 seemed to have been blown off the mountain. There was no vision of the mountains in the distance, the clouds were 4 forming all round us. About one o'clock a storm 5 suddenly. We should have noticed its coming but we were concentrating on cutting steps and 6 we had time to do anything, we were unsighted by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait motionless, getting colder and colder. 7 my hood, my nose and cheeks were frostbitten, I dare not take a hand out of my glove to warm them. After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 98 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 8 the outline of a buttress (扶垛) just above us, to descend in this wind was out of the question. Our only hope was to climb up to the buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could pitch our tent. We climbed to this place and started to 9 the ice. At first my companion 10 to regard this situation 11 hopeless but gradually the wind died 12 and he clean up. At last we made a platform big enough to pitch the tent, and we did this as 13 as we could. We 14 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, feeling that we were lucky to be still alive.
1.
rather
2.
little
3.
it
4.
forming
5.
came up
6.
before
7.
although
8.
something
9.
make out
10.
cut away
11.
seemed
12.
as
13.
away
14.
best
15.
crawled
Part Ⅳ Writing
1. Directions:As time goes, there are many big changes happening in people's lives. Like other West countries, private cars begin to be very popular in our country. Certainly, there must be many things following it. Maybe it is good for our society, or maybe it is harmful. Tell which one you agree with and explain why. Please write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should give specific reasons and details to support your position. Write the essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Private Cars
A few years ago, having a private car might be a wild dream to many Chinese families. But today, you can see the number of private cars running along the road and street is increasing rapidly. Statistics show that one in every six families in big cities has a car. Some people say that it is good because the increase of car ownerships benefits a country's auto industry, which in turn shows the country's general economic development. The fact that more and more people can afford a car demonstrates that people in China enjoy a higher standard of living than they did before. Besides, a private car also adds a new dimension to a family's work, daily life and leisure activities. Other people think differently. They argue that having private cars may not necessarily mean a more advanced society. It may bring about more stress, instead. More cars would consume more petroleum, produce more air pollution, and thus aggravate the already serious environmental problems. What's more, another problem remains yet to be solved. Road conditions being what they are especially in urban areas, accidents become a common occurrence, resulting in thousands of deaths per year. No wonder cars have been considered as the number one deadly weapon in the modern world. I find some truth in both of the arguments mentioned above. I feel it a personal choice to buy a private car. If you can afford it and you really need it to get around, having a car is fine. But remember, try to use environment-friendly type of gasoline and take special care while driving. If you don't have much need for cars in your work and life, there is no need to follow fashion or keep up with the Jones. Remember, when you cycle, you are living a healthy life and at the same time contributing to our environment protection.