Ⅱ Grammar and VocabularyDirections: Choose the one that best completes the sentence, then write A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. Part ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese:1. Two teams of astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have overturned several decades of conjecture and theory by ruling out the possibility that small, dim stars make up most of the mass in the universe.
Until now, small stars known as faint red dwarfs were considered ideal candidates for the so-called "dark matter" that is believed to account for more than 90 percent of the mass of the universe.
All visible celestial objects, such as planets, stars and galaxies, are believed to account for only 10 percent of the mass of the universe. The rest of the "missing mass" is presumably invisible because it does not emit or reflect light, or the light is too feeble to be detected. But dark matter can he indirectly detected due to its gravitational influence on other visible objects.
According to Bacall, professor of natural science at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and leader of one of the teams, the nature of dark matter, and its abundance, are among the most important questions in modem cosmology today.
The ultimate fate of the universe will be determined by the amount of dark matter present. If there is not enough dark matter to bind the universe together gravitationally, it could continue expanding forever. If there is enough mass to hold the universe together gravitationally, the universe may slow down its expansion, come to a halt and begin to contract and eventually collapse.
两组天文学家通过哈勃太空望远镜的观测,推翻了几十年来的猜想和看法,排除了微小而暗淡的恒星是宇宙的主要构成物质的可能性。
直到现在,微小的红矮星仍是最被看好的暗物质候选者,“暗物质”被认为代表了宇宙中90%以上的物质构成。
所有可见的天体,如行星、恒星和银河系仅仅占到了宇宙物质总量的10%。其他物质不是因为不能发光或反光,就是因为光太暗而无法直接观测得到。但是通过它自身的重力对其他可见物体的影响.科学家们可以间接地探测到它的存在。
巴考尔是新泽西州普林斯顿大学高级研究院自然科学的教授,同时也是其中一个研究小组的领头人,他说:“现如今宇宙学研究的首要问题就是‘暗物质’的性质和量。”
“暗物质”的量关乎宇宙的最终命运。如果没有足够的“暗物质”用引力来限制宇宙的膨胀,那么它就会永远扩张下去。如果有足够的“暗物质”用引力来控制住宇宙,那么它的膨胀就会减慢,继而停止膨胀而逐渐开始收缩,最终被摧毁。
Part BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English:1. 人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术,它们可能对教育产生重大的影响。许多教学计划可以不用人力制定,而是由人们发明的程序来制定。
以前的课本教学和偶尔的野外旅行现在也都可以通过虚拟现实来完成。也许有人会问:全部由非人类实体准备的材料的真正价值是什么?
每个人将能够自学,即使不能完全自学,大部分也是可以的,并且能够在模拟场景下显示自己的实力。
技术使学校运作方式发生了重大变革。现在是教育来适应这种改变的时候了。
宇宙永元止境,事实上,它是在不断地开始,而且将永不停止。它始终忙于创造新的自然景观、新的客观实在以及新的世界。它所完成的工作与扩展于其上的时间有关系。它唯一要求的是永恒,以便使广阔无垠的无限量、无终端的世界以及无限延伸的空间充满活力。
Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are two computer-related technologies that may cast a large shadow on education. Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents.
Much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality. One can ask: what is the truth value of materials prepared entirely by non-human entities?
Individuals will be able to educate themselves (largely if not wholly) and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting.
Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate. Now it's time for education to catch up the change.
Here is no end for the universe, and in fact, it makes a new start again and again and will never stop. It's busy creating the new landscape, existence and a new world all the time. The work it has finished has something to do with the time. The only thing it requires is permanence, with which it can make the vast, boundless world and the endless-extending world full of energy.