Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B] , [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ______ the last bus.
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.
A.needn't dress up
B.did not need have dressed up
C.did not need dress up
D.needn't have dressed up
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题考查need一词作情态动词时的用法。 [详细解答] 当need做情态动词构成疑问句或否定句时,不用助动词do。因此可排除选项[B]和[C]。另外,当我们说 sb. needn't have done sth.时,意思是某人已经做了本来不必做的某事。根据题意,我们知道“他们已经参加了家庭聚会”,所以选项[D]为正确答案。
3. I apologize if I ______ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
1. According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species' ability for survivingare naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generations. A. a species' B. for surviving C. are D. to succeeding
2. Neither rain nor snow keeps the postman from delivering our letters which we so much look forward to receive. A. keeps B. which C. so much D. to receive
3. If they will not accept a check, we shall have to pay the cash, though it would be much trouble for both sides. A. will not accept B. shall have C. the cash D. would be
C,改the cash为in cash。
[解析] 本题考查考生对固定搭配的掌掘。 [详细解答] to pay in cash是固定搭配,意为“用现金支付”,故应将the cash改为in cash。
4. Having been robbed off economic importance, those states are not likely to count for very much in international political terms. A. Having been B. off C. not D. very much
B,改off为of
[解析] 本题考查考生对固定搭配的掌握。 [详细解答] to rob sb.of sth.是固定搭配,意为“使丧失,(非法)剥夺”,故应将off改为of。
5. The message will bethat neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of their uncontrollable practices. A. will be B. that C. their D. practices
6. The logic of scientific development is such that separates groups of men working on the same problem in far - scattered laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time. A. such B. separates C. on D. far - scattered
7. Yet not all of these races are intellectual inferior to the European races, and some may even have a freshness and vitality that can renew the energies of more advanced race. A. intellectual inferior B. and C. a D. energies
8. The more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are more than ample destroying every city in the world several times over. A. The B. more than C. destroying D. over
C,应在destroying前加介词for。
[解析] 本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。 [详细解答] be ample for sth.或be ample for doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“足以……”。故必须在destroying前加介词 for。
9. The universe works in a way so far remove from what common sense would allow that words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it. A. remove B. would C. that D. it
10. The integration of independent states could best be brought about by first creating a central organization with authorities over technical economic tasks. A. could best be B. first C. with authorities D. technical
C,改authorities为authority。
[解析] 本题考查对名词数的掌握。 [详细解答] authority的单数形式意为“权威,权利”,而复数形式则是“官方,当局”的意思。to have authority over sth.为固定搭配,意为“对……有(行使)权”。故这里应将authorities改成authority。
Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B] , [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
1. The machine needs a complete ______ since it has been in use for over ten years.
Part Ⅱ Gloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter it; the brackets with a pencil.
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They, 1 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man. But they insisted that its 3 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population. 5 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 6 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 7 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 8 history and economics, have 9 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Passage 1 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the stoops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Gzechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go - ahead to the even more wrong - headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts, Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.
1. The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that ______.
A.people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
B.the blind could be happier than the sighted
C.over - excited people tend to neglect vital things
Passage 2 Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978 - 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are mom speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years, may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost, His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO's A1 Rosen shine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of m-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- "the worst sort of ambulance - cashing."
1. According to the author, the American economic situation is ______.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
B.New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
C.The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.
D.The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
A B C D
A
[解析] 选项[B]“新型的组织工厂车间的方法可能会有助于生产效益的提高”与文章第三段第二句:“新型的组织工厂车间的方法——包括机构重组及缩小规模——只不过是促进某一经济总体生产效益提高的一个因素”在意思上相吻合。选项[C]“降低成本并不一定能获得长远利益”可以从文章末段倒数第二句中获得依据。选项[D]中的a bunch of good-for-nothings与本篇尾句的mere rubbish相对应。唯有选项[A]“彻底的改革是提高生产效益所必不可少的”文中没有提及,故为正确答案。
Passage 3 Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo's 17th - century trial for his rebelling brief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "antiscience" in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon -Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason, "held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information," which assembled last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academies who have questioned science's objectivity, Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview, A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated de creased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrtich of Stan ford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warning, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. "The term 'antiscience' can lump together too many, quite different things, "notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. "They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard them- selves as more enlightened."
1. The word "schism" (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means ______.
Passage 4 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has enthroned the South as America's most densely-populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting. Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people--numerically the third-largest growth ever re corded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails. Three sun-bait states -- Florida, Texas and California -- together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington DC, dropping out of the top 10. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too--and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child-bearing years. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: more and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances: Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate --37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population. Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile. The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state. In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose -- and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
1. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s ______.
A.enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
B.witnessed a southwestern shift of population
C.underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
D.brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
Passage 5 Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots, Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates. That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 mil lion years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, tile material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
1. The author believes that ______.
A.the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's interior
B.the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be truse
C.the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
D.the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
Part Ⅳ English - Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese . four translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientist had ever detected: a strip at enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 71 But even more important, it was farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy). 72 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward m all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73 Astrophysicists working with ground - based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 74 If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea. a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of' antigravity. 75 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary -particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
Part Ⅴ Writing Directions: A. Study the following cartoon carefully' amt write an essay in no less than 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. C. Your essay should meet the requirements below.
1. 1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments.
[参考范文] A Promise Here is a cartoon of a hen proclaiming her promise that she would undertake to lay eggs without edges of corners and her eggs would contain eggshell, egg white and yolk, We find it easy to spot the humor in the cartoon: the hell is raising her voice high to announce something which as a matter of fact, she does naturally, without much effort. This cartoon also re minds us of a social phenomenon, i.e. many units such as schools, hospitals, shops and even administrative offices, publicly and unequivocally declare that they guarantee the fulfillment of their obligatory duties. However, it would be funny if a teacher promises to teach or a doctor to provide medical treatment. In other words, there is no need for teachers to undertake to teach students or doctors to treat patients. These things are within their duties, i, e. the obligations that they should fulfill. Otherwise, they fail to be professionals. By offering this kind of undertakings they simply reduce their professional ethics, not to mention the improvement of their service qualities. And we may well doubt about their sincerity in making such promises. We are now embarking on the path of a market economy and what we really need is high efficiency and high quality in every undertaking. This, and only this, is something that requires our genuine and sincere promise.