Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with pencil.
1. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ______ just a round the comer was untrue.
4. This is an exciting area of study, and one ______ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.
A.from
B.by
C.in
D.through
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查对句子结构的掌握。 [详细解答] in which在定语从句中做状语,表示从句行为发生的地点,相当于关系副词where。
5. ______ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.
A.As
B.What
C.That
D.It
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题测试关系代词“的用法。 [详细解答] 本题中的as引导的是非限定性定语从句,as代表整个主句的意思,即the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition。
6. Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend ______ such short notice.
Section B Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D .Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
1. Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents had been ill at the time. A. would have been B. had you gone C. explained D. had been
D,改had been为were。
[解析] 本题考查对于时态的掌握。 [详细解答] 虽然题目句子整体上看属于虚拟语气句,但“你父母生病”并非虚拟,而且由时间状语at the time可知,此处应该用一般过去时。
2. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to save for the retirement years. A. financially B. of C. on D. to save
3. Were the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family - ran enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers. A. Were B. could C. a family – ran D. its
C,改family-ran为family-run。
[解析] 本题考查对句子结构的掌握。 [详细解答] 本句中的动词run和enterprise是动宾关系,所以必须用过去分词来修饰enterprise,表示被动意义(即run by the family)。
4. Symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from overfishing to physical and environment factors that affect the populations of different species. A. a wide range B. from C. environment D. populations
5. Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with one of listener, and it calls for occasional 'digestive pauses' by both. A. a B. one C. listener D. by
6. If two theories are equal to their ability to account for a body of data, the theory that does so with the smaller number of assumptions is to be preferred. A. to B. for C. does so D. to be preferred
A,改to为in
[解析] 本题考查对介词用法的掌握。 [详细解答] be equal to为固定搭配,意为“在某方面相等”。但本句是指“这两种理论在解释……的能力方面相等”,故应改to为in,in their ability意为“在能力方面”。
7. The Committee adopted a resolution requiring the seven automakers selling the most cars in the state making 2 percent of those vehicles emissions - free by 1998. A. requiring B. selling C. making D. emissions - free
C,改making为to make。
[解析] 本题考查对介词用法的掌握。 [详细解答] 本句中的requiring这一分词短语做句中宾语 resolution的定语,并且require后接sb. to do sth.,因此,此处应将分词making改成不定式to make。
8. As long as poor people, who in general axe colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighterskin, there's going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. A. As long as B. conflict with C. lighter D. skin
9. All those left undone may sound greatly in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. A. left undone B. greatly C. truest believer D. when
10. Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the cars won't catch on in a big way when drivers can fill them up at the gas station. A. Even if B. on C. fuels D. when
Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four chokes marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
1. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.
3. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss ______ the bread -winner's death.
A.at the cost of
B.on the verge of
C.as a result of
D.for the sake of
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。 [详细解答] at the cost of意为“以……为代价”;on the verge of意为“在(不好的事情)即将发生之际”;as A result of意为“因为,由于”;for the sake of意为“为……起见”。根据题意,选项[C]as a result of为正确答案。
4. In education there should be a good ______ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.
8. As a way of ______ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
10. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ______ , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.
20. Fuel scarcities and price increases ______ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.
A.persuaded
B.prompted
C.imposed
D.enlightened
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题考查对动词词义及其介词搭配的掌握。 [详细解答] impose常与on连用意为“对……课税;把……强加于……;占便宜、利用别人的善意等”;enlighten也常与 on连用,意为“使……明白”;persuade和prompt均可接不定式。persuade sb. to do sth.意为“劝某人做……”,prompt sb.to do sth.意为“促使某人做……”。根据题意,由于燃油短缺和价格上扬,设计师们不是被劝说而是被促使要缩小汽车外形以减少油耗.故选项[B]prompted为正确答案。
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered bland; in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 1 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 2 and active. When the work is well done, a 3 of accident free operations is established 4 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations. 7 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maxi mum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety 8 . The fewer the injury 9 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 10 or at a loss.
[解析] 本题考查连接手段。 [详细解答] 本题空格后是定语从句time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum,因此要求选择适当连接手段将主句和从句连接起来。该从句修饰a climate of accident-free operations,而选项中where作为关系副闻,表示in which,即in this climate,连接两个分句,既符合语法又符合逻辑,所以是正确选项。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passage below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
Passage 1 It's a rough world out there, Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever - longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident, Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise !-- fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly." While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions, for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts arc beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet, "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, "says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
1. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
A.Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
B.Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
C.Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings,
D.Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised
Passage 2 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most natably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the fight mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security, will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
1. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business ______.
Passage 3 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical, education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer- education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize, the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the fight kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well - developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional, It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
1. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ______.
3. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author's country the European model of professional training is ______. A. dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB. worth trying in various social sections C. of little practical value D. attractive to every kind of professional
Passage 4 When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group -- the National Bioethies Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near - final draft of their recommendations. NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90 - day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on re search that involves the cloning of human DNA or ceils -- routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. "Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled. NBAC plans to tail for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to ere ate a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning, Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still" up in the air."
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.
A.federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
B.the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
C.NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
D.the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning
Passage 5 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious a bout the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable, Unpredicability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought. I've attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said "the data are still inconclusive." "We know that," the men from the budget office have said, "but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?" The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate. What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true, If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among re searchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."
1. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ______.
A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments
B.science advances when fruitful researches are conducted
C.scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
D.unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
Part Ⅳ English - Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.
71 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian's craft is that its practitioner always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 72 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world, 73 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession, 74 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method," frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy," Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 75 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
Part Ⅴ Writing Directions: A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay mast be written neatly, on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. C. Your essay .should cover these three points:
1. 1. effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect 3. your suggestion for wildlife protection THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH
[参考范文] The Ups and Downs of Population Growth Nowadays there is a popular saying: the world is becoming smaller and smaller that we may well consider it a village. Consequently, each country would be a family in this world village. What happens in the family of the U. S. A. is that the population is in creasing while the number of species is decreasing. According to Graph 1 ,from the year 1800 to 1900 ,the U. S. population increased from less than a million to about 80 million. Now turning to Graph 2,we find that during the same period, the number of species not longer existing increases from 27 to 70, i. e. 4.3 species disappear from the earth every 10 years. An old saying gees like this: there must be bread on the table. Yes, it is self-evident that man must eat. But they don't only eat bread, they eat meat, too. A growing population has a disastrous effect on wildlife, because it means a growing consumption of animals including both domestic and wild animals. And there is always a small number of people who would like to "taste something new". While doing so, they put many species in danger and some in extinction. People not only eat animal meat, they wear their skins, use their antlers and horns and even teeth. There seems to be no end of those people's good appetite. Besides, a growing population means less living space for wildlife. It is time we take action to prevent further decreasing of wild life. First, we should stop selfish hunter's killing and let the gastro homes "taste something old". The wives of millionaires should abandon the habit of showing their wealth by putting on marten coat. If they insist on showing, a cotton coat with dollar pattern will do. Birth control should also be put on agenda so that there would be a harmonious development of all life forms on earth. Finally, we must fully comprehend that the trend of decreasing of wildlife implies the end of human being, and one species' extinction indicates one step further towards the extinction of mankind.