1. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can ______ future adults with appreciation of music.
9. Veteran doctors can often reflect on past experiences to draw lessons for the present; young resident doctors, however, rarely have the advantages of such ______.
Part Ⅱ Cloze A study has shown that fitness is the key 1 long life, irrespective of body shape or even smoking habits. Researchers discovered that people 2 exercise live longer than those do not, 3 they are overweight and smoke. The study found that the least fit of the 6000 middle-aged men in the study were five times 4 to die within six years of the start of the research than the 5 . This was true whether or not the men had heart problems, smoked or were overweight. Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and 6 than skinny and sedentary(久坐的). Dr. Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, "You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and 7 regularly than being a non-smoker and sedentary." Although he adds, "But don't misunderstand me. I am not endorsing smoking. I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary." 8 , the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30000 people die prematurely every year in Britain from illnesses caused by being overweight. The British Government is putting pressure on manufacturers 9 high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nation's health. But the new study suggests the Government 10 more people to exercise.
There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not 11 known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be 12 This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 13 , however, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved 14 , but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by 15 on the type of education that already appears to have a positive effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar 16 per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become 17 only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century for the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990's or early in the next century, 18 prompt effective action is taken against the habit—indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the world. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now 19 ; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial 20 on many other diseases.