Writing1. 1.博士研究生入学面试是否必要?
2.在博士研究生入学面试中,你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面?
3.你将如何展示这个方面?
I think it is necessary for Ph. D candidates to take an admission interview. It is essential because university professors will be able to meet their candidates in person, and ask some academic questions and inquire research work the candidates are doing or have finished more thoroughly. For example, professors will have the time and chance to listen to candidates talking about their research achievements and academic interests directly and discuss questions more deeply. Sometimes the written form of examination cannot reveal candidates' real talents. It cannot show how well candidates could express themselves verbally and how deeply they could think about certain research problems. Through interviews, however, professors are easy to find out the answers they care for. Besides, it is also beneficial for Ph. D candidates to take an admission interview. They will have a chance to make professors understand them better.
During the interview, I think Ph. D candidates should pay attention to the following points. First they should be well prepared academically. That means they should be ready to answer all the important questions concerning their research. Second they should express themselves clearly and orderly. Third they should pay enough attention to their behaviors and attitudes, that is, they should neither too arrogant nor too humble.
As far as I am concerned, I will get academically ready first, and then be relaxed to answer all the questions. I will also dress up and behave properly. I do believe that so long as I make good preparations, I will perform well in the interview.
2.
Directions: There is a heated discussion in the newspaper on the issue of urbanization. Write a composition to clarify your own point of view toward this issue. You should write no less than 200 words. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. Topic:
Urbanization in China
参考范文 Urbanization in China
Now people in significant numbers are aware of a popular word "urbanization". We can see or hear it in the newspapers, magazines, TV programs and all kinds of conferences. Urbanization has aroused wide-range attention in China. Various people hold various opinions of this phenomenon. However, the common questions we are concerned with are what is meant by urbanization, and whether it has good effects on China or not?
Urbanization that has been closely connected with industrialization in history refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities or the suburbs of cities. It as a process is coming to an end in developed countries. Contrary to developed countries, this process in the developing countries is just burgeoning. The census data indicate that in the past fifty years since 1950 the percentage of urbanization has increased to over 40%.
China is also confronting the same problem. The pace of industrialization and urbanization in China has been on the increase. There are more and more peasants flocking into cities to earn their livings. With this trend, some authorities claim that urbanization will continue in the following 20 years.
Some people have paradoxical opinions about urbanization. People who view it from the positive perspective believe that urbanization will accelerate our economic growth, and the use of land will become more effective because of the big density of population. Yet other people object to this idea. They fear that a series of problems and negative influences will arise with urbanization. There will be more slums around the cities and more difficulties in finding a job.
In my opinion, it is inevitable that urbanization will bring some problems. But since it has existed and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, we should deal with it as well as possible. Some actions should be taken actively to resolve the problems it will bring about. First, since many slums have already appeared in the rural areas, we needn't to stop the pace just because of that. Second, in order to create more jobs, we should promote our productivity instead of preventing peasants from working in cities. Altogether, once these problems are solved, urbanization in China will be a successful process that not only benefits Chinese people but also avails to Chinese economic development.
3.
Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic:
Universities should require every student to take some courses outside his or her field of study because acquiring knowledge of different academic fields is the best way to become truly educated. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words.
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
University is a place where one can get knowledge needed in life. After entering the university, every student is asked to choose a specific major, and then study the courses within the restricted field. However, if the student wants to be truly educated, he should take some courses outside his field of study for acquiring knowledge of different academic fields is the best way to become truly educated. For me, I prefer to choose a wide range subjects in college time and the following reasons explain my opinion.
First and foremost, the ultimate goal of college education is to train qualified talents for our country's modernization. With the development of social technology, the requirements of each position are becoming higher and higher. The knowledge of one single major cannot satisfy most positions' requirement, and information of many other aspects is needed. So students should study courses related to the industry they may be engaged in, making a good preparation for their future development. Moreover, college is not only a training camp for jobs, but also a platform for college students' comprehensive development. There is no doubt that learning different courses will make students much more excellent. So every university should offer the students a variety of courses so that the students have the opportunity to contact different fields. Last but not the least, general course are benefits for students who don't know their interests or who do not have interests at present. Different courses would inspire student's interests in a certain subject.
In spite of the reasons above, however, taking too many courses outside their own fields may also distract college students from their own major study. To sum up, the university should try to offer enough chances for students to touch courses outside the student's major, and the decision should be fallen to students themselves.
4.
Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
数月前,比尔·克林顿和托尼·布莱尔联合宣布了科学史上最伟大的成就之一:揭秘人类基因组或日“生命之书”。2月份,科学家们首次一展实验证据,在《自然》和《科学》两杂志上发表了官方的人类基因组序列论文。
两家旗鼓相当的测序对手机构——公共人类基因组计划和美国生物技术赛莱拉公司——完成了大量的科学论文。他们给出的最令人惊讶的结论是:人类拥有的基因数那么少,只不过3万个左右。这与小鼠的基因数目相当,是果蝇或线虫基因数目的两倍。绝大多数科学家预测人类有10万个基因,有的科学家则估计达14万个。
美国怀特海德基因组研究中心主任埃里克·兰德说:“这么少的基因数目对人类的尊严似乎是某种冒犯啊。”
正如赛莱拉总裁克雷格·温特所说的那样,“基因无所谓‘好’、‘坏’,只存在着不同层次、不同联系的网络活动,以及对干扰作出反应的敏感程度的不同。一个基因等于一种疾病,或说一个基因制造一种关键性的蛋白质的学说,已被彻底否定。”
没有人能说出究竟有多少蛋白质。这个问题的答案需要等上几年,由新兴的蛋白质学告诉我们。蛋白质学是继基因组学之后即将出现的新学科。但是,温特博士估计人类有25万种不同的蛋白质,也就是说每一个基因负责大约10个蛋白质,从而执行人体内的基本任务。
一些专家说,未料到人类基因数目如此少,但这对医学可能是个好消息,因为这样需要弄明白的基因就较少。不好的是,从相反的角度来看,它们也会发挥同样的功能,即基因间的复杂相互作用有可能对像利用基因疗法中改变一、两个基因就能治病的过程带来更大的困难。但这也有可能部分地解释了为什么基因疗法在过去十多年的临床实践中一直给出令人失望的结果。而新兴的干细胞技术用有潜能的新细胞替代失去功能的细胞,有可能产生更理想的结果,因为病人一下子接受到的是全部完整的遗传系统。
发现DNA差异是人类基因组工程未完成工作的最重要的一个部分。例如,这可能是药物基因组学的基础,这也就解释了为什么患某种特殊疾病的某些人比另一些人对某种药物治疗反应好的原因。
研究工作的另一个途径是把人类基因组与其他动物的作详细对比。它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。同时,技术专家们正在忙着降低DNA测序成本,即个人基因组可以在基因芯片上按程序读出。哈佛大学利佩尔计算遗传学中心主任乔治·丘奇指出,将来一个人基因组的信息可以存放在计算机的DVD盘里。
注意:写作部分要求50分钟内完成。
[范文]
Several months ago, Bill Clinton and Tony Blair linked up to proclaim one of science's greatest achievements: Decoding the human gene or "book of life".
Their most striking conclusion is how few genes we have: around 30,000. That is about the same number as a mouse.
No one knows how many proteins there are. The answer will be revealed over the next few years by the emerging field of proteomics, successor to genomics20.
Some experts were saying that the unexpectedly low number of human genes would be good for medicine, since there are fewer genes to understand. But it could work equally well in the opposite direction: the complex interactions between genes may make it harder to cure disease by changing one or two of them, for example through gene therapy.
Discovering the DNA differences that matter is one of the most important pieces of unfinished business for the human genome project.
Another important avenue of research will be to compare the human genome in detail with other animals. Meanwhile, technologists are working to drive down the costs of DNA sequencing so individual human genomes can routinely be read out on gene chips.
5.
Directions: Write a short composition of 250~300 words on the topic given below.
Topic: My Academic Ambition
[参考范文]
My Academic Ambition
With the economic development and globalization, communications among countries are becoming more and more frequent. We are eager to communicate with the outside world to learn advanced technologies, to cooperate with other countries and to build up a friendly relationship with them. So I choose foreign language learning as my academic ambition.
The uses of language can be incarnated in many aspects. When you mastered a foreign language, you would be able to experience first hand the great literature of another peopled you Would experience directly the power and subtleties of the original, which are often lost in translation; you would feel the flow of the language, the combinations of sound and word order, all of which combine to bring the work alive, alive as the artists have intentionally planned.
Furthermore, language exchange is a prerequisite for cultural exchange. To learn another language helps gain knowledge about another culture. Language itself is part of the culture too. Through learning another language, one can not only have a more profound and thorough notion that every country has different customs and cultures but also see that there are other ways to see how men are related to the environment.
With China's reform and opening up to the outside world, international cultural exchanges are getting more prevalent in every trade and profession. It is enjoyable and useful to learn foreign languages. Therefore, I will persist in my academic ambition and try my best to make it come true.