Section ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scored Answer Sheet. Section ADirections: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
1. A major initiative to inject what's known as social and emotional learning (SEL) into New York City schools is under way. SEL, when combined with traditional academic education, can help students to build and maintain positive relationships with peers, friends, and family, to learn how to resolve conflict constructively and to understand how their emotions affect their actions. Americans overwhelmingly want schools to teach children some non-academic skills, including how to be cooperative, respectful of others and persistent problem-solvers. Schools are to place more importance on that type of learning than on how students perform on standardized tests. Such efforts have significantly improved student behavior, academic achievement and school safety.
纽约市中学正在开展一项重大活动——引入被称为社交和情感学习的项目。与传统的课程教育相结合,社交和情感学习有助于学生与同龄人、朋友和家人建立并保持良好的关系,学习如何以建设性的方式解决冲突并了解自己的情感如何影响行为。美国人强烈希望学校给学生讲授一些非学习方面的技能,包括如何与他人合作、如何尊重他人、如何做到遇到难题时不气馁。学校应该更重视此类学习项目,而不是学生在标准化考试中发挥如何。这样的努力在很大程度上改善了学生行为、学习成绩和学校安全。
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
1.名词initiative根据上下文有不同的翻译,如“倡议”、“行动”或“方案”。
2.under way表示“进行之中”。
3.形容词overwhelming不好翻译,the overwhelming majority翻译为“压倒性多数”,an overwhelming movie是“有震撼力的电影”,而an overwhelming fear可翻译为“把人吓傻了”。...overwhelmingly want schools to teach...表示“愿望特别强烈”。
4....persistent problem-solvers直译为“坚持不懈地解决问题的人”,其含义是“遇到难题时不泄气”。
5....significantly improve...中significantly应该译为“在很大程度上”。
Section BDirections: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
1. 中国近三分之一的年轻夫妇倾向于要两个孩子,希望自己晚年幸福。尽管有不便之处,但两个孩子有助于解决劳动力短缺、分享照顾年迈父母的负担、避免失独家庭遭受的痛苦并加强社会的稳定。决定要一个孩子还是两个孩子主要取决于家庭经济状况和社会福利。
Nearly one in three young couples in China is inclined to have two kids, hoping to enjoy their life when they are old. Despite the disadvantages, having two kids can help address labor shortages, share the burden of caring for aged parents, avoid the suffering of families who have lost the only child and enhance social stability. The decision to have one kid or two kids largely depends on financial status of the family and social benefits.
[解析] 汉译英难点说明:
1.“三分之一”也可翻译为one-third,这是传统用法,目前流行的是用in或out of表示比例,如two out of every five boys。
2.同ability一样,名词decision通常接不定式,而不是of doing something。
3.还可用be determined by...或hinge on...翻译“取决于”。