Part Ⅰ Vocabulary Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. The problem is that most local authorities lack the ______ to deal sensibly in this market.
A.anticipation
B.perception
C.prospect
D.expertise
A B C D
D
anticipation预期,预料;perception理解,感觉,领悟;prospect景色,前景,前途;expertise专家的意见,专门技术。在和句子中to deal sensibly(聪明地,明智地)in this market的搭配上,只有expertise符合。
2. Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.
A.incentive
B.initiative
C.fugitive
D.captive
A B C D
A
incentive刺激,诱因,动机;initiative主动,首创精神,进取心,如:take the initiative(采取主动);fugitive逃亡者;captive指“俘虏”。根据句子大意,正确选项应是incentive。
3. The profit motive is inherently ______ with principles of fairness and equity.
12. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed ______ in the glossary.
A.in sum
B.in total
C.in general
D.in full
A B C D
D
in sum总而言之,大体上;in total整个地(=as a whole);in general通常,一般而言;in full充足,全部地。根据句子大意应该选in full,在句子中表示“全部列出来了”。
13. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a ______ for more.
A.scarcity
B.command
C.hunger
D.request
A B C D
C
scarcity缺乏,不足;command支配,指挥,精通;hunger渴望,渴求,常与for、after连用;request请求,要求。如a request for help(请求帮助)。但在这里,request不能和leave搭配。根据句子的含义,只能选hunger。
14. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam ______, surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things.
20. The researchers found the age at which young people first fall ______ to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them.
A.sacrifice
B.short
C.witness
D.victim
A B C D
D
四个名词选项中:sacrifice(牺牲)一般与make搭配;short可以与fall搭配,但一般是fall short of的形式,意思是“不足,达不到(目标),不符合”;witness证人,目击者,证词,一般不与fall搭配;victim受害人,牺牲者,可做 fall的宾语。正确答案是victim。
Part Ⅱ Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for his school-work, Andy Klise admits he would probably 1 for the latter. It's not that he doesn't like to have fun; It's just that his desire to excel 2 drives his decision-making process. A 2001 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise acknowledges that he may someday have 3 thoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spent 4 , but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. "If things had not 5 out as well as they have, I would have had some regrets," says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. "But spending the extra time studying has been well worth the 6 . I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certain 7 ." 8 the origin of his intense motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. "I've always been goal 9 ," he says. "This internal drive has caused me to give my all 10 pretty much everything I do." Klise 11 Wooster's nationally recognized Independent Study (I. S. ) program with preparing him for his next 12 in life: a research position with the National Institute of Health (NIH). "I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me 13 a research position with NIH," says Klise. "The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nation's 14 scientists while making the 15 from undergraduate to graduate studies or a career in the medical field."
Section A Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One She's cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years old—entering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. "You can see it. It's just so extraordinary," says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation. The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the changes wrought by Johnston's software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a "hyper-female". The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find "feminized" versions of averaged faces more beautiful. Johnston hatched this little movie' as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the under-pinnings of human attractiveness. The research results so far are surprising—and humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitrary cultural artifact. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berry's flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us that she is parasite-free. Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious field—the allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debated—but those on its front lines agree on one point: We won't conquer "looks-ism" until we understand its source. As psychologist Nancy Etcoff puts it: "The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it."
1. The woman described in the very beginning of the text is ______.
Passage Two It's becoming something of a joke along the Maine-Canada border. So many busloads of retired people crisscross the line looking for affordable drugs that the roadside stands should advertise, "Lobsters. Blueberries. Lipitor. Coumalin." Except, of course, that such a market in prescription drugs would be illegal. These senior long-distance shopping strees fall in a legal gray zone. But as long as people cross the border with prescriptions from a physician and have them filled for no more than a three-month supply for personal use, customs and other federal officials leave them alone. The trip might be tiring, but people can save an average of 60 percent on the cost of their prescription drugs. For some, that's the difference between taking the drugs or doing without. "The last bus trip I was on six months ago had 25 seniors," says Chellie Pingree, former Maine state senator and now president of Common Cause. "Those 25 people saved $19.000 on their supplies of drugs." Pingree sponsored Maine RX, which authorizes a discounted price on drugs for Maine residents who lack insurance coverage. The law was challenged by drug companies but recently upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court. It hasn't yet taken effect. Figuring out ways to spend less on prescription drugs has become a multifaceted national movement of consumers, largely senior citizens. The prescription drug bill in America is $160 billion annually, and people over 65 fill five times as many prescriptions as working Americans on average. "But they do it on health benefits that are half as good and on incomes that are half as large," says Richard Evans, senior analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, an investment research firm. What's more, seniors account for 20 percent of the voting public. It's little wonder that the May 19 Supreme Court ruling got the attention of drug manufacturers and politicians across the country. The often-over-looked state of 1.3 million tucked in the northeast corner of the country became David to the pharmaceutical industry's Goliath. The face-off began three years ago when state legislators like Pingree began questioning why Maine's elderly population had to take all those bus trips.
1. The elderly Americans cross the Maine-Canada border in order to get drags that are ______.
Passage Three It's navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual ritual of introspection, we would do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good? The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter: "Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse." As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one that's supported by a growing body of controlled psychological studies. In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how satisfied they were with the relationship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions. It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfaction ratings would thus do the best job of predicting the outcome of their relationships. In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the "gut feeling" group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ratings did not predict the outcome of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel. Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse. For years it was believed that emergency workers like police officers and firefighters should undergo a debriefing process to focus on and relive their experiences; the idea was that this would make them feel better and prevent mental health problems down the road. But did it do any good? In an extensive review of the research, a team led by Richard McNally, a clinical psychologist at Harvard, concluded that debriefing procedures have little benefit and might even hurt by interrupting the normal healing process. People often distract themselves from thinking about painful events right after they occur, and this may be better than mentally reliving the events.
1. According to the author, why do people tend to look inward at the end of a year?
A.They want to know if they get prepared for the future.
B.They consider it beneficial to their future lives.
C.They pay too much attention to their self-improvement.
D.They overemphasize their progress in the past year.
6. According to the passage, ______ can help people get over a painful experience.
A.pouring out their feelings about it
B.distracting their attention from it
C.discussing it with specialists
D.recalling the specifics
A B C D
B
推断题。参见52题。
Passage Four Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds. Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If parents, teachers or peers mocked your foibles as a child, you fear a repeat. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways. While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written screeds to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true. Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana's funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. In script rarely works and it is used as a crutch by most people. But, being yourself doesn't work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. I remember going to see British psychiatrist RD Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it. The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying. Whether in normal life or making speeches, the key is to remind yourself that, contrary to what your teachers or parents may have implied, your best is good enough. In the zone, a strange place of authentic falsehood and shallow depth, play is possible.
1. For most people the biggest fear for public speaking is ______.
Passage Five African American women's search for societal acceptance often encompasses struggle between natural and socially constructed ideas of beauty. As an essential component in traditional African societies, cosmetic modification is ritualized to emphasize natural features of blackness. Defined by social occasion such as childhood development maturity, indicators of marital status or the group to which you belong, beautification of the hair and body play an essential role. In our racially conscious society, presenting a physical image and being accepted is a complex negotiation between two different worlds. Hair is an outward expression of culture and heritage. It also represents a sense of personal style. In the search for the African American identity, blacks have undergone many different changes in hairstyle. Hairstyles are cultural classifiers of what African Americans consider beautiful. Hairstyles are a representation of the African American soul, all of their confidence and dignity show in how they present themselves on Sundays and on a daily basis. "During the sixties, white American youth used their hair to make a variety of political and philosophical statements," young blacks joined thereafter. "The natural hairstyle not only was easier to care for, but also gave African Americans a closer tie to their heritage. Natural style serves as a visible imprimatur of blackness: a tribute to group unity; a statement of self-love and personal significance." By rejecting the white standards of beauty, black Americans halted the processes of using chemical strengtheners or hot irons. A woman talks about her struggle. "I remember battling with the idea of going natural for several years. I never had the courage because every time I pictured myself with my natural hair, I never saw beauty. Now my hair is natural, thick and healthy." African American women are finding confidence within themselves to wear their hair naturally and feel beautiful about it. Many contemporary African Americans are avoiding high maintenance and feeling confident in their natural beauty. It was a different story in the past. African Americans were pressed. Shame was the motivation behind blacks losing their roots and ethnic identity. By being brainwashed into believing black people are "inferior" and white people are "superior", African Americans have mutilated and adjusted their bodies to try to look "pretty" by white standards. Hair is as different as the people it belongs to. People are finally recognizing that beauty is what helps to create our individual identities. Ultimately, individual confidence shapes and strengthens the culture of tile African American community.
1. The first paragraph tells us that African Americans ______.
A.have been trying hard to be socially accepted
B.have been changing their value about beauty
C.have maintained their identity of traditional Africans
D.have modified their hairstyles to fit into the society
Section B Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One Francois Jacob wrote that "an age or culture is characterized less by the extent of its knowledge than by the nature of the questions it puts forward." 1 . Admittedly, the most brilliant cultures are developed during the days of knowledge acquirement. 2 . Many convincing examples can be given when looking back to. the cultural development of these countries. The most influential Chinese culture flourished during Tang Dynasty, which was established a thousand years ago. This influence can be traced by the word "Tang Street", another name for Chinatown. And it was during the same time that the Chinese acquired more knowledge than they had before. 3 . However, when compared with the knowledge people have acquired and are acquiring today, the knowledge of the ancient Tangs and Arabs is unquestionably limited. But in all history books, the cultures of the Tang Dynasty and the ancient Arabs are introduced in detail, while the cultures of the People's Republic of China and the Arab League are seldom mentioned. 4 . For instance, the ancient Greeks and Romans' knowledge about nature was definitely insufficient, but they are still recognized as the founders of the most magnificent ages and cultures in human history because the questions put forward and thought about by them were profound and meaningful. In the works of the Greeks and Romans represented by The Iliad, The Odyssey and The Aeneid, the questions concerning life and death, love and hatred, benevolence and malevolence and individual and society are raised. People can always draw inspirations from Achilles' different attitudes towards death in The Iliad and The Odyssey and Aeneas' choice from love and glory. 5 . The importance of an era or civilization can never be diminished because of its lack of knowledge. The essence of an age or culture should be the exploration in the spiritual world and the thoughtful questions posed. A. The Arabian culture thrived when the Arabians learnt the application of arithmetic and created Arabic numbers. B. These remain the questions people face, contemplate and discuss till today. C. In general, cultures are developed during the time of knowledge acquirement. D. This statement reveals that the nature of an epoch or civilization is decided by the things that are thought about, rather than the things that are already known. E. This is probably a universal truth for all countries and nations that boast impressive histories. F. Compared with knowledge, the questions put forward are more significant in an age or culture.
Passage Two Over the past two decades, the lives of American women have undergone unparalleled change. The Virginia Slims Opinion Poll has chronicled that change in national surveys conducted six times since 1970. 1 One of the most striking findings of the 1990 Virginia Slims Opinion Poll is the degree of consensus—rather than conflict—in women's and men's attitudes about the changing roles of women. In many respects, the two sexes agree. Men express strong and consistent support for women's improved status in society. 2 And they agree that the most tangible way in which they could help women balance jobs and family is to take on more household work. But men are also a major cause of resentment and stress for American women. 3 Now, a generation of sweeping change later, women's expectations have outpaced the change in men's behavior. Token help with the dishes or the children no longer inspires women's gratitude. 4 . Increasingly, the kitchen table has become that bargaining table. 5 Next to money, "how much my mate helps around the house" is the single biggest cause of resentment among women who are married or living as if married, with 52 percent citing this as a problem. Improvement in this area is one of the top things women cite when they consider what would make their lives better. A. There is evidence in the poll that waiting for men to live up to the ideal of equal responsibility is a major irritant for most women today. B. Together, these surveys provide a comprehensive picture of women's changing status, and of their views of the future. C. In 1970, most women were concerned about getting men to share household chores. D. They, like women, believe that sex discrimination remains an important problem in the work-place. E. Over the past three generations, expectations of men as rulers and protectors of the household have changed. F. Instead, as women contribute more to the family income, they expect in return a more equal division of the household responsibilities.
Part Ⅳ Translation Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ. As we enter the 21st century, the gap between the world's rich and poor is widening, both with in and among countries. 1. The vast majority of the world's population is receiving an ever-decreasing share of its collective wealth, while the share claimed by a few rich nations and individuals is steadily growing. In 2001 Forbes magazine counted 538 billionaires with a total net worth of 1.7 trillion dollars, while the United Nations identified 2.8 billion people surviving on less than two dollars a day. Overall, the richest 20 percent of the world's people control 86 percent of global income, while the poorest 20 percent control barely one percent. The impacts of this widening rich-poor gap are varied and worrisome. 2. They include environmental destruction—richer nations and individuals can afford to over-consume resources, poorer nations and individuals are forced to over-exploit the environment just to survive. They include migration—people are forced to, move in search of adequate resources. And they include conflict—wealthier nations and individuals fight to keep what they have, while those suffering a lack of resources fight to obtain them. 3. Because poorer groups typically lack the assets and technology to conduct large-scale conventional war to obtain their goals, they often resort to low-intensity conflict and terrorism. The causes of this global disparity are diverse and complex, but include colonial era trading patterns that favor industrialized nations; the globalization of economies and economic structures, in which poor nations struggle to compete; a growing "digital divide" characterized by lack of access to information technology; inadequate governance and protection of law; and lack of access to education, healthcare, and social safety nets, especially for women and girls. 4. Individuals and nations need not remain in poverty indefinitely, however. With an awareness of the interdependence of our modern world and a concerted political will, it is possible to reverse this trend that threatens to divide the world against itself. And reversing this trend would have powerful and positive impacts on our future. 5. Bringing the nearly 5 billion people of the less industrialized world into a sustainable economy through "pro-poor" policies would provide a tremendous boost to the world economy, as well as to those people. With increased economic opportunities come improved access to nutrition, education, and health care. With those come higher income, greater autonomy—especially for women—and the opportunity to pursue environmentally sound technologies and products.
Part Ⅵ Writing Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
1. China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel prize winner so far. What has caused this situation in your opinion?
Nobel prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries. However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel prize winner so far. In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows. First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals' creativity. Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient. Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools 1ay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students' ability to solve difficult problems. Furthemore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world. In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe. In modern times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries. As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development. Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas. At the same time. discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries. For instance, the clone technology was first explored by Scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication. Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing. Our educational system has impr6ved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered. Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel prize winners.