Part A Directions: In questions 1 - 15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
1. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.
3. Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father.
A.constricted
B.drawn
C.tied
D.restricted
A B C D
D
confine把……局限于,限制于;restrict限制,约束;constrict压缩,压紧。
4. The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.
6. Project Hond Start which was inaugurated in the United States in 1965 is a federally funded preschool for economically and culturally disadvantaged children.
Part B Directions: In questions 16 - 30, each sentence had four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are markede by A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer Sheet.
1. Satellite technology (means) (that people) can watch the same TV programs in (other) parts of the world (like) in America. A. means B. that people C. other D. like in
D改为as。
原句为the same... as结构。
2. (Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every
B改为can be found。
Depictions与谓语动词find是被动关系。
3. Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the western, (has been) a resurgence (in) popularity (in recent years). A. types B. has been C. in D. in recent years
A改为type。
与单数谓语动词has been及整个句意保持—致。
4. The groundhog comes (out its) burrow (after) hibernating (through) winter, and wanders about the prairie (looking) for food. A. out its B. after C. through D. looking
A改为out of its。
词组come out of意为“从……中走出来”。
5. The immune system (protects) the body (by) recognizing and destroying (abnormally) or foreign cells, as well as (providing) antibodies to fight bacteria. A. protects B. by C. abnormally D. providing
C改为abnormal。
形容词修饰名词cells。
6. Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the cost (to be) sick. A. the B. avoiding C. less D. to be
D改为on to be sick。
意为“花费在某方面的……”。
7. Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons). A. alike B. that C. possess D. skeletons
A改分unlike。
句意:与昆虫不同的是,甲壳虫是有内部骨骼的无脊椎动物。
8. D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. A. directing B. achieving C. and was D. modern
B改为achieved。
and连接achieved和was,做并列谓语。
9. Cheap labor (scarcity was) in the cotton plantations (of the) American South, and (slaves) became (standard) practice. A. scarcity B. of the C. slaves D. standard
B改为in the。
10. A pacifist is a person (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means. A. with B. hold C. in solving D. via
B改为held。
belief与hold是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。
11. (In) the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians (lived) in the Northern Hemisphere grew (their) crops on river bottom (lands). A. In B. lived C. their D. lands
B改为living。
现在分词短语做定语,修饰Mohave Indians.
12. (The) number of leprosy cases around the world (has been) cut (of) ninety (percent) during the past ten years. A. The B. has been C. of D. percent
C改为by。
意为“减少了90%”。
13. (In) the same way that (news services) have changed (since) the invention of television. So(does) entertainment. A. In B. news services C. since D. does
D改为has。
与前面的have changed 时态保持一致。
14. Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the body's calcium balance (and) tooth decay. A. research B. what C. link between D. and
B改为that。
that从句做suggest的宾语。
15. The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). A. must protected B. it C. from D. radiations
D改为radiation。
radiation辐射,放射,是不可数名词。
Part C Directions: For each blank for questions 31 -40 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators 1 effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to 2 themselves to the new medium 3 When working 4 radio for example, they had become 5 to seeing on behalf of the listener. This art of seeing for others means that the commentator had to be very good at taling. 6 all he has to be able to create a continuous sequence of visual images which add meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the case of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, 7 is completely different. He is there to make sure that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and 8 the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he 9 know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments 10 the pictures speak for themselves.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Directions: In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 41 - 70, you are to choose the best answer from A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. As individuals, we are inherently more bruited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We are only one person--looking at the world from one place, one history, one pattern of knowing. A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories, many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity. Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that dialogue--a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment. The best government is that government which enables communities to do this--to nurture and utilizes their wisdom and resources--especially their diversity--in such a way that they require less and less government. A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they can't depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each other's power. They know that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive "followership" abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has "come of age". Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its inner resources (its diverse members) and relating responsively and creatively with its environment.
1. The writer believes that individuals ______.
A.are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourceful
B.are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circle
C.can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledge
D.must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity
A B C D
A
第1段说“As individuals,we are inherently more limited than a community”,选项A表述内容与之意思符合。
2. The writer compares individuals and communities in order to ______.
A.argue that communities are wiser than individuals
B.criticize community's lack of friendliness and perspective
C.prove that each has its own merits and advantages
D.show how community wisdom comes from individuals
A B C D
D
作者通过individuals和communities的对比反映出communities creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity,选项D符合。
3. According to the passage, the best truth comes when ______.
A.all different communities are equally smart
B.the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole community
C.people of various opinions work together in a productive way
D.people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment
A B C D
C
根据第3段“it is through the cooperative,creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest,most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge”可得知答案为C项。
4. It can be concluded that the best goverment is one ______.
A.that guides communities to make wise judgment
B.that encourages communities to work for the government
C.that makes use of community's wisdom and diversity to perform its function
D.that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least
A B C D
D
第4段提到最好的政府是允许... to nurture and utilizes their wisdom and resources require... less and less government的政府,故选项D符合。
5. According to the passage, in a democratic society ______.
A.collective wisdom is employed in the management of the community
B.government is regarded as useless and unnecessary
C.leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide people
D.people are allowed to do whatever they want to do
A B C D
A
从第5段“They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other,co-creating each other's power”可以判断选项A正确。
6. In the last paragraph, the phrase "come of age" is closest in meaning to ______.
A.arrival of a new time
B.reaching maturation
C.being advanced
D.catching up with the trend
A B C D
B
根据come of age后的“Movements for democracy... the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle... ”可以推断come of age指的是成熟。
Most new words are made up from other earlier words; language-making is a conservative process, wasting little. When new words unfold out of old ones, the original meaning usually hangs around like an unrecognizable scent, a sort of secret. There are two immense words from Indo-European, gene and bheu, each a virtual anthill in itself, from which we have constructed the notion Of everything. At the beginning or as far back as they are traceable, they meant something like being. Gene signified beginning, giving birth, while bheu indicated existence and growth. Gene turned itself successively into kund jaz (Germanic) and gecynd (Old English), meaning kin or kind. Kind was at first a family connection, later an elevated social rank, and finally came to rest meaning kindly or gentle. Meanwhile, a branch of gene became the Latin gens which emerged as genus, genius, genital, and generous; then still holding on to its inner significance it became "nature" (out of gnasci). While gene was evolving into "nasture" and "kind" bheu was moving through similar transformations. One branch became the English word "build". It also moved into Greek, as phuein, meaning to bring forth and make grow; then as phusis, which was another word for nature. Phusis became the source of physic which at first meant natural science and later was the word for medicine. Still later, physic became physics. Both words, at today's stage of their evolution, can be taken together to mean, literally, everything in the universe. You do not come by words like this easily; they cannot just be made up from scratch. They need long lives before they can signify. "Everyting," C. S. Lewis observed in a discussion of the words, "is a subject on which there is not much to be said." The words themselves must show the internal marks of long use; they must contain their own inner conversation.
7. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.
A.how to coin new words
B.where to trace the origin of language
C.the evolution of words
D.language and nature
A B C D
C
本文通过两个单词gene和bheu介绍了单词的演化过程,选项C正确。
8. When a new word is formed from an old one ______.
A.the original meaning of the old dies out
B.it is hard to know the secret of the development of the word
C.the new word carries with itself some of the original meaning
D.the meaning of the new word is often confusing
A B C D
C
第1段说“When new words unfold out of old ones,the original meaning usually hangs around”,即新词通常会保留本意,故选项C正确。
9. Why does the writer say "gene" and "bheu" are immense words?
A.Because they are rich in meaning.
B.Because they come from a very old language.
C.Beacuse they remind us of anthill.
D.Because they mean beginning and birth.
A B C D
A
第2段作者指出从这两个单词中we have constructed the notion of everything,并且这两个单词从最初的意思beginning,giving birth和existence and growth发展到kindly or gentle等,由此可以判断选项A正确。
10. The word "gene" develops into the following meaings and words EXCEPT ______.
A.beginning
B.growth
C.generous
D.gentle
A B C D
B
根据文中第2段bheu indicated existence and growth可知,growth是bheu的意思。
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one's findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their rightness of their theses. Psychohisotrians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); ii also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity, Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circum stances.
11. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?
A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently popular even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.
B.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.
C.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and word are of little interest to traditional historians.
D.The psychological assessment of an individual's behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.
A B C D
A
本文主要讲述了新的学科Psychohistory以及psychohisotrians的研究方法与 traditional historical method的不同。
12. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually ______.
A.views past events as complex and having their own individuality
B.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events
C.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended
D.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events
A B C D
A
从最后一段(psychohistory)imposes upon the present,thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity可以推断traditional history认为以往事件复杂而有独特性。
13. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?
A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.
B.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.
C.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.
D.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.
A B C D
C
根据第4段最后一句“it assimilates all events,past and present,into a single deterministic schema...”,可知心理历史学家会把过去和现在发生的事件一起编在一个共同的deterministic schema中。所以选项C与原文意思相符。
14. It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psyehohistorians probably prevent them from ______.
A.producing a one-sided picture of an individual's personality and motivation
B.uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions
C.offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events
D.recognizing connections between a government's political actions and the aspirations of government leaders
A B C D
B
从第2段“And it violates... historians be alert to the negative instances:that would refute their rightness of their theses”和“Psychohisotrians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories,are also convinced that...”可知心理历史学家所运用的这种方法会让他们认为自己绝对正确,而没能找到可以得出此结论的其他的合理解释。所以选项B正确。
15. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historians
B.question the adequacy of the psychohistorians' interpretation of events
C.point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians' application if their methods
D.contrast the underlying assumptions of psychohistorians with those of traditional historians.
Dearest Scottie: I don't think I will be writing letters many more years and I wish you would read this letter twice--bitter as it may seem. You will reject it now, but at a later period some of it may come back to you as truth. When I'm talking to you, you think of me as an older person, an "authority," and when I speak of my own youth what I say becomes unreal to you--for the young can't believe in the youth of their fathers. But perhaps this little bit will be understandable if I put it in writing. When I was your age I lived with a great dream. The dream grew and I learned how to speak of it and make people listen. Then the dream divided one day when I decided to marry your mother after all, even though I knew she was spoiled and meant no good to me. I was sorry immediately I had married her but, being patient in those days, made the best of it and got to love her in another way. Yor came along and for a long time we made quite a lot of happiness out of our lives. But I was a man divided-- she wanted me to work too much for her and not enough for my dream. She realized too late that work was dignity, and the only dignity, and tried to atone for it by working herself, but it was too late and she broke and is broken forever. …… The mistake I made was in marrying her. We belonged to different worlds--she might have been happy with a kind simple man in a southern garden. She didn't have the strength for the big stage-- sometimes she pretended, and pretended beautifully, but she didn't have it. She was soft when she should have been hard, and hard when she should have been yielding. She never knew how to use her energies--she's passed that failling onto you. For a long time I hated her mother for giving her nothing in the line of good habit-- nothing but "getting by" and conceit. I never wanted to see again in this world women who were brought up as idlers. And one of my chief desires in life was to keep you from being that kind of persons, one who brings ruin to themselves and others. When you began to show disturbing signs at about fourteen, I comforted myself with the idea that you were too precocious socially and a strict school would fix things. But sometimes I think that idlers seem to be a special class for whom nothing can be planned, plead as one will with them--their only contribution to the human family is to warm a seat at the common table. ……
16. …… Why does the father talk about his youth in the form of writing a letter?
A.Because the father decides that he won't write any letters in the future.
B.Because the written letter appears more authoritative and formal.
C.Because the father intends his daughter to find the truth hidden in the letter by carefully reading it.
D.Because the father views this as a better way for his daughter to know him.
A B C D
D
从文中第1段But perhaps this little bit will be understandable if I put it in writing可以判断父亲认为以书信形式更容易交流。
17. How did the marriage affect the father's ambition?
A.Ever since his marriage, the father could not speak to people any more.
B.His mismatched marriage exerted a negative effect on his dream and career.
C.Dissatisfied with the marriage, the father worked harder to fulfill his dream.
D.Taking too much care of the sick mother, the father had little time to work for his dream.
A B C D
B
根据第2段第6句she wanted me to work too much for her and not enough for my dream可知,婚后母亲让父亲为之工作太多,而影响了父亲去追求自己的梦想和事业。所以答案为选项B。
18. In the eyes of the father, the mother should ______.
A.settle for a quiet and peacefull life instead of having a high aspiration
B.work for herself and gain dignity by great achievement
C.know her power and learn to be strong
D.never give up her energy nor yield to failure
A B C D
B
第2段最后一句“She realized too late that work was dignity... by working herself but it was too late”可以判断出,在父亲的眼里只有工作才是唯一的尊严,母亲也应该通过自己的工作成绩来获取尊严。所以答案为选项B。
19. It can be inferred that the father disapproves of idlers because ______.
A.these idlers are proud for no good reason
B.these idlers need special care from their parents
C.idleness is destructive to life
D.the idle person cannot be a bread earner in the family
A B C D
C
第4段第3句讲到idler是这样一种人:that kind of persons,one who brings ruin to themselves and others,即他们不仅破坏了自己的生活,也破坏了别人的生活。因此,可看出懒散对生活是有破坏性的。所以答案为选项C。
20. Which of the following statements does the letter justify?
A.The father explained his reason why he divorced his wife.
B.Daughter was rebellious because of lack of family love.
C.The birth of the daughter brought happiness to the family.
D.The father was upset that his daughter was an idler.
A B C D
A
本文中父亲通过对自己婚姻的叙述教导女儿,其间谈到了与母亲离婚的原因。
Part Ⅲ Translation
Part A Directions: Put the following passages into Chinese.
1. Academic circles had long recognized that regulatory agencies were often "captured" by a regulated industry. The public would become aroused by the revelation of an abuse in a certain industry and a regulatory agency would be created, staffed initially by people responsive to the public interest, or at least highly critical of the industry. But eventually, public attention would turn to other problems, and only the regulated industry itself would maintain an interest in who was appointed to the agency and what decisions it rendered. In the long run, people sympathetic to the regulated industry would be appointed to the regulatory agency, and rulings would be made in the interest of the industry rather than in the interest of the public.
2. In recent years there has been considerable discussion of the relation between science and the humanities. The differences in attitudes are related in part to the different objectives of science and the humanities. In gross terms, one objective of science is to achieve precise and parsimonious statements about the structure and processes of the animate and inanimate world. Ideally, these statements allow us to describe, understand, and predict something about that world. As stated earlier, elegance or aesthetic appeal have their place in the world of the scientist, but these qualities can be expressed in terms of precision and parsimony. A primary objective of the humanities is to enrich the life of the beholder by arousing some sensual experience, emotion, or feeling. Some of these feelings are quite complex and intricate, and need developing an activity that requires a great deal of talent. There are a number of ways in which the humanities and sciences are alike. One of the principal likenesses is the motivations for both groups.
America, as a great power of military and economy in the 1940s, was outstanding in every field, which attracted the Asians much. In spite of it, Americans turned to Chinese culture again in order to enrich their lives, and the phenomenon was in the ascendant.
The defects in the youth's personality reflected the windage of educational ideas and conceptions, while the windage often related to the misunderstandings of the traditional culture.
A Guide for Teaching Chinese Postgraduate Students English is an achievement of the important tasks in the 15th programming. I'd like to express my appreciation to the graduate department of Nanjing University. I will also especially thank my 152 graduate students who came from different departments of Nanjing University. In the past 15 years, I grew up in their generous praise and passion and they were the teachers of my young life. Because of them, I always went through every class full of passion. This book, as a souvenir for the youth time, is intended for each postgraduate student I meet.
There is no end for the universe, and in fact, it makes a new start again and again and will never stop. It's busy creating the new landscape, existence and a new world all the time. The work it has finished has something to do with the time. The only thing it requires is permanence, with which it can make the vast, boundless world and the endless-extending world full of energy.
Living in the world, people cannot be fed up with the present and just be indulged in the past and the future, which will waste the effort we are making now; people also can't be content with the status quo, and make no further efforts for the development of the future. What people should do is to make good use of the present advantages so as to make great achievements in the future.