Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments or 2 . The word 'caravanserai' is a 3 of the Persian words 'kārvān', which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and 'sarāy', a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5 merchants, travellers or pilgrims. From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the 6 of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road 7 the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be reached in a day's travel time. Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. 11 , these structures became important centres for cultural 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 taking knowledge with them, greatly 14 the development of several civilisations. Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their own journeys. It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, 19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in 20 .
[考点] 考查短语辨析。 [解析] 空格所在句意为,它经常是商人们出售商品和为自己的旅程______物资的第一站,结合空格前的内容可知,商队应该在客栈里休息并储存物资以便于路上用。结合备选项可知,D项stock up on“储存,存储”符合句意,故答案选D项。因此排除A项go in for“参加,从事”;B项stand up for“支持,坚持”和C项close in on“围住,接近”。
18.
A.believed
B.predicted
C.recalled
D.implied
A B C D
A
[考点] 考查词义辨析。 [解析] 空格所在句意为,根据人们______的,空格处说的是人们普遍认为的观点,也就是人们普遍相信的。A项believed“相信”符合句意,It is believed...that是固定句型,意思是“人们相信……”,故答案选A项。B项predicted“预测”;C项recalled“记起,回想起”和D项implied“暗示”均不符合句意,故排除。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1 The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools. Pat Hardy, who sympathises with the views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. "There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it," she claims. "Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that. You need to remember where your bread is buttered. " Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views. Board members like her "casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion," says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools. A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere. Glenn Branch, the centre's deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taught", he says. Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more biased perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by energy industry associations.
1. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ______
A.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.
B.stress the consequences of climate change.
C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.
D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是推断题。本题问在第一段中,提到了德克萨斯州的天气的意图是什么。根据题干中的关键词the weather in Texas is mentioned定位至第一段。该段指出,自从最近的极端高温以来,德克萨斯州的天气可能已经降温,但本月在奥斯汀举行的州教育委员会会议上,气温将居高不下,官员们将就德克萨斯州学校如何教授气候变化进行辩论。由此可推知,德克萨斯州的天气形容了委员会会议的热烈氛围,故答案选C项“暗示董事会会议的气氛”。A项“预测德克萨斯州学校的政策将发生转变”、B项“强调气候变化的后果”与D项“唤起公众对能源短缺的关注”在文中并未提及,故排除。 [参考译文] 自从最近的极端高温以来,德克萨斯州的天气可能已经降温,但本月在奥斯汀举行的州教育委员会会议上,气温将居高不下,官员们将就德克萨斯州学校如何教授气候变化进行辩论。 帕特·哈迪同情能源部门的观点,她反对对目前关于青春期前学生的科学标准进行修改。她声称:“有多少科学家在努力对抗全球气候变化带来的恐慌,就有多少科学家在推动这种恐慌。”“德克萨斯州是一个能源州,我们需要认识到这一点。你需要记住你的面包是涂着黄油的。” 大多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈迪的观点。像她这样的董事会成员“像另一种被误导的观点一样,随意对学者和科学家的职业工作视而不见,”德克萨斯州自由网络公司的高级公关策略师丹·奎因说,该公司是一个监督公共教育的非营利组织。 这场辩论反映了美国各地的激烈讨论,研究人员、政策制定者、教师和学生都要求学校加大对气候变化事实教学的力度。 由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织“国家科学教育中心”去年进行了一项研究,调查了全美州立公立学校在科学课上教授如何应对气候变化的情况,结果只有一半的州给出了B+或更高的评分。在表现最差的10个州中,有一些人口最多的州,包括德克萨斯州,它被评为最低的F,并且由于它的教科书在其他地方广泛销售,产生了不成比例的影响。 国家科学教育中心的副主任格伦·布兰奇警告说,在一个将决定权下放给地方学校董事会的国家,制定州级别的科学标准只是一个有限的基准。他说,即使一个州被认为在科学标准方面表现优异,“这并不意味着它可以作为教育的榜样”。 另一个问题是,尽管气候变化在某些学科和某些年龄段被很好地融入了——比如高中的地球和空间科学——但在儿童课程和更广泛教授的学科(如生物和化学)中却没有得到很好的体现。它在许多社会研究课程中也不那么突出。 布兰奇指出,即使越来越多的官方指导方针和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识,但传达更多偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在分发给教师。其中包括能源行业协会赞助的材料。
4. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ______
A.call for regular revision.
B.require urgent application.
C.have limited influence.
D.cater to local needs.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是细节题。本题问根据布兰奇所说的,美国国家级别的科学标准怎么样。由题干关键词state-level science standards in the US定位到第六段第一句。定位句指出,国家科学教育中心的副主任格伦·布兰奇警告说,在一个将决定权下放给地方学校董事会的国家,制定州级别的科学标准只是一个有限的基准,故答案为C项“影响力有限”。A项“呼吁定期修改”、B项“要求紧急实施”与D项“因地制宜”在文中并未提及,故排除。
5. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ______
A.agrees to major public demands.
B.reflects teachers' personal biases.
C.may misrepresent the energy sector.
D.can be swayed by external forces.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是推断题。本题问最后一段暗示了一些学校的气候变化教学怎么样。由题干关键词climate change teaching in some schools定位到最后一段第一句,定位句提到,布兰奇指出,即使越来越多的官方指导方针和教科书反映了关于气候变化的科学共识,但传达更多偏见观点的非官方教育材料正在分发给教师,由此可推知,一些学校的气候变化教学会被外面的非官方教育材料影响,故答案为D项“会被外部势力动摇”。A项“同意公众的主要要求”、B项“反映了教师的个人偏见”与C项“可能歪曲能源部门”在文中并未提及,故排除。
Text 2 Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there's an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market. In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would've made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals. "We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing," said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, "employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live," Taylor said. However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realtors. "A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term," Castle said, "and so it's a cyclical effect. " Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on affordable housing policy. "I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it's their vacation home anyway, and it's just empty, why can't you make money off it?" Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. "I think the question is, shouldn't a developer who's really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?" Horn said. At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city's Inspectional Services Department. Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but "if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more. "
1. Which of the following is true of New England? ______
Text 3 If you're heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex's new children's book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House(PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones. The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones "at a very significant level". The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were "quietly retiring them to their relevant sections". PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me. "Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018. " In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff's passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute. It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. "This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power," says literary agent Andrew Lownie. "The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers. " We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
1. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present ______
4. What can be one consequence of the current dispute? ______
A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B.Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
C.Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors' books.
D.Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
A B C D
A
[解析] 本题是推断题。本题问当前争端的一个后果是什么。由题干关键词the current dispute定位至第四段,该段指出,与此同时,PRH的作者成了输家。知名的PRH的作者可能会受到一些影响,但那些通常依赖水石书店员工热情推广不太知名作品的中游作家,将会祈祷这场纠纷结束,由此可推知PRH的中游作家受影响严重,书籍销量大大减少,所以他们希望争端停止,故A项“PRH的中游作家的书籍销量大幅下滑”为正确答案。B项“不太知名的PRH的作者成为批评的对象”、C项“水石书店的员工不愿推广知名作家的书”与D项“水石书店的分支机构收入严重减少”在文中并未提及,故排除。
5. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view? ______
Text 4 Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title's impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers. Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. The advent of electronic publishing and authors' need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn't far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published. How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new "international" journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation. Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
1. According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by ______
2. The support service consultancies tend to ______
A.recommend journals to their clients.
B.list citation patterns for their clients.
C.ask authors to include extra citations.
D.advise contributors to cite each other.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是细节题。本题问支持服务顾问倾向于做什么。根据题干关键词The support service consultancies定位至第二段最后一句,该句指出,最近,这种掠夺性行为的另一种表现形式出现了:所谓的支持服务顾问,为个别作者和期刊提供语言和其他社论的支持的人,有时建议贡献者在他们的文章中添加一些引用,所以C项“要求作者添加额外的引用”为正确答案。A项“向客户推荐期刊”、B项“为他们的客户列出引用模版”与D项“建议编著者相互引用”在文中并未提及,故排除。
3. The function of the "milk cow" journals is to ______
5. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators? ______
A.Take legal action.
B.Demand an apology.
C.Seek professional advice.
D.Reveal their misconduct.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题是细节题。本题问一名作者应该如何应对引文操纵者。由题干关键词author和deal with citation manipulators定位到最后一段最后一句。该句提到,对于那些希望避开引文联盟活动的作者:当编辑、审稿人或支持服务顾问要求你添加不适当的参考文献时,不要勉强,而是要向期刊报告这一请求,故答案选D项“揭露他们的不当行为”。A项“采取法律行动”、B项“要求其道歉”与C项“寻求专业意见”在文中并没有提到,故排除。
Part B Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A—H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E, and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. A. Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. Jackson snapped the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin, conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician. B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U. S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs. C. An effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition's stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran's paintings, to each member of Congress. "The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected," says Alicia Murphy, Yellowstone's park historian. D. Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the collection process that involved coating the plates with a chemical mixture, exposing them and developing the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. While veterans of previous expeditions had written at length about stunning sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely. E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming. F. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world. G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world's first national park. While some locals opposed the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. "I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images," says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service. H. Perhaps most importantly, these images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved. 1 →A→ 2 →E→ 3 →H→ 4 → 5
1.
B
[解析] 排序题关键是首尾相接,要紧紧牢记大纲的考点“一致性和衔接性”。也就是要想选出前面一题首先要确定下一段的开头在说什么,做到选择段落的尾句和下一段落首句衔接。本题序列中,第一段未知,A、E、H为已知序列选项,先阅读剩余的B、C、D、F、G选项,本题取决于给出的序列A段。A段描述了去年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊拍摄黄石公园系列照片的150周年,后面描述了当时杰克逊跟团队在19世纪晚期的一次穿越黄石盆地的探险。纵观各选项,不难发现B选项尾句出现Yellowstone region呼应A段的Yellowstone。因此,本题选择B选项。 [参考译文] A. 去年是著名风景摄影师威廉·亨利·杰克逊拍摄黄石公园系列照片的150周年。杰克逊在19世纪晚期的一次穿越黄石盆地的探险中首次拍摄了标志性地标,如特顿山、老忠实泉和科罗拉多落基山,这次探险由美国地质和地理勘探局局长费迪南德·V·海登领导。该团队包括一位气象学家、一位动物学家、一位矿物学家和一位农业统计学家。 B. 两个世纪前,对许多美国移民来说,保护自然而不是开发自然是一个新奇的想法。公众支持土地保护工作的转折点之一——尤其是认识到黄石地区的壮丽——以生动的照片的形式出现。 C. 海登是华盛顿的一名有效的设备操作员,他觉得自己可以利用这次探险令人惊叹的视觉资料。他要求杰克逊打印出大量的复制品,并将它们与莫兰画作的复制品一起分发给每位国会议员。黄石公园历史学家艾丽西亚·墨菲说:“可视化,尤其是那些照片,真的让人深刻认识到,这是必须保护的东西。” D. 在整个旅行过程中,杰克逊使用胶工艺处理了多台相机和不同尺寸的底片,其中包括在底片上涂上一层化学混合物,将它们曝光,并在便携式暗室中冲洗出结果图像。这项粗糙的技术需要对曝光时间进行有根据的猜测,而且涉及到笨重的设备——必须由几个人协助运输。尽管面临这些挑战,杰克逊还是拍下了数十张照片,从现在著名的老忠实泉的壮丽照片,到营地探险队员的随意肖像。虽然以前探险的老兵们曾详细描述过令人惊叹的景色,但这些生动的照片完全是另一回事。 E. 1871年6月8日,这趟旅程在犹他州的奥格登正式开始。在将近四个月的时间里,数十人骑马进入蒙大拿州,沿着黄石河和黄石湖穿行。那年秋天,他们在怀俄明州的布里杰堡结束了调查。 F. 尽管美洲原住民(以及后来的矿工和毛皮猎人)早就意识到该地区的财富,但大多数美国人并没有意识到。这就是为什么海登的探险旨在更全面地了解黄石河地区,从温泉和瀑布到各种各样的动植物。除了随行的科学家,这个团队还包括艺术家:画家托马斯·莫兰和摄影师杰克逊负责捕捉这令人惊叹的自然美景,并与世界分享。 G. 事实证明,该法案大受欢迎,并以绝大多数人的支持顺利通过了国会。1872年初,参议院和众议院接连通过了保护黄石公园的立法。那年3月,尤利西斯·格兰特总统签署了一项法案,将黄石国家公园确立为世界上第一个国家公园。虽然一些当地人反对这一决定,但这一决定在很大程度上得到了接受——并且杰克逊的照片在保护该地区的斗争中发挥了关键作用。“我不相信如果没有这些图像,法律保护就会在这样的时间框架内发生。”记者兼《先知与巨人、游骑兵与盗贼、野牛与熊:国家公园管理局的100年》一书的作者希瑟·汉森说。 H. 也许最重要的是,这些图像提供了后来传到政府官员手中的书面证据。在完成考察的几周后,海登将他团队的观察收集成一份广博的报告,旨在说服参议员和众议员,以及内政部等政府机构的同事,黄石公园应该被保护。
2.
F
[解析] 要想选出本题,关键是理解本题前面的A段,尤其是A段的后面一部分。我们认真研读A段的后面一部分,它提到,该团队包括一位气象学家、一位动物学家、一位矿物学家和一位农业统计学家,描述的是做调查的团队的成员,于是我们浏览各选项,发现只有F选项部分,出现了很关键的线索词the team also included,这说明F段与A段关系十分紧密,因此F可以接在给出的A段的后面,描述了其他成员。所以,本题选择F选项。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. There has been some exploration around the use of artificial intelligence(AI) in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to 'speak' to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. 1 AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media. At the same time AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. 2 Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing AI to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. 3 Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be. For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. 4 If customers are not willing to share data. AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of AI may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. 5 The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
[解析] 本句主干为AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices;句中的their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions并列,to provide...为目的状语;put out...media是后置定语,修饰messages。 [参考译文] 关于在数字营销中使用人工智能(AI)已经有了一些探索。例如,人工智能可以通过分析大数据来揭示趋势和偏好信息,从而分析哪种类型的广告内容或文案适合与特定目标客户群体“对话”。人工智能还可用于识别客户在爱好、喜欢的名人、时尚等生活方式上的选择,以便在通过社交媒体推送的营销信息中向他们提供特定的内容。与此同时,人工智能还可以用于为社交媒体帖子和聊天网站生成内容。 使用人工智能来回应客户的主要缺点是,人们担心将个人互动托付给机器后,不仅可能导致随后人际关系的丧失,还可能导致营销人员的减少。有些人认为,人工智能使创造力下降、工作岗位消失,从而对营销人员的作用产生负面影响;但他们也认识到,人工智能是一种降低成本和生成新信息的手段。通过允许人工智能开发内容,一些品牌营销人员可能会发现,他们正在失去对品牌叙事的控制。用于模拟人类互动的算法正在引起许多这样的担忧,尤其是对于使用人工智能与客户交互的结果如何,还没人有十足的把握。 人工智能要想成功,数据必须是可访问的,但个人数据的使用正变得越来越规范,数据的自动化共享也变得越来越困难。如果客户不愿分享数据,人工智能就会缺乏基本信息,就会无法有效运行,也无法采用机器学习来改善其营销内容和沟通方式。因此,除非客户准备签署发布协议,否则未来人工智能的使用可能会受到一定程度的限制。人工智能不仅可以帮助创建营销内容,还可以提供一种非侵入式的方式,将内容传递给目标客户。可以收集有关客户可能参与的数据,例如位置、使用的设备、网上交流和访问的网站,以适当的形式显示营销信息,包括电子邮件、社交媒体帖子、弹出式广告和适当频率的横幅。敏锐感知目标客户需求,从而不扰人地推送营销信息,是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
[解析] 本句主干为Some believe...,but they are aware...;that AI is...为that引导的宾语从句1,by reducing...jobs为方式状语;that it is a way...为that引导的宾语从句2,of reducing...information作way的定语。
[解析] 本句主干为AI will be starved of...and will not be able to...;If引导条件状语从句,其中to function effectively or employ machine...为并列结构。
5.
敏锐感知目标客户需求,从而不扰人地推送营销信息,是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
[解析] 本句主干为The non-intrusive delivery...is...;其中in a way作方式状语,that引导的定语从句修饰way。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith's research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job. Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name in the notice; use "Li Ming" instead.
[范文]
Notice
December 24,2022
Professor Smith is looking for a student to join his research project regarding campus sports activities. The relevant details are as follows. The responsibilities of the position require students to collect data on physical activities on campus for the research team to analyze. This includes observing various sporting events, talking to student's athletes, staff and faculty, and documenting their performances. In addition to data collection, students will be responsible for organizing meetings with Professor Smith or other members of the research team to discuss the project progress. Successful applicant should have a high degree of organizational skills, patience, as well as a keen interest and knowledge of sports. If you're interested in joining this research group, please get in touch with us by email @ 123. com to apply.
Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay based on the picture below. In your essay, you should 1) describe the picture briefly, 2)interpret the implied meaning, and 3)give your comments. Write your answer in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
[范文] As is vividly depicted in the picture, there are some young men who are rowing dragon boats, and a large number of people crowd to watch the game. An elderly grandmother turned to her husband and said happily: "Great, the dragon boat racing in our village is becoming more and more lively." Obviously, the description of the picture tends to emphasize the inheritance of the traditional culture. First, It is undeniable that in recent years, we Chinese people have been attaching great importance to the inheritance and rejuvenation of traditional culture. Tradition should be inherited and advocated from generation to generation. Furthermore, intangible cultural heritages such as Peking Opera and traditional festival celebrations are no less important than Tangible cultural heritages, such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and find it hard to cope with cultural challenges at present and in the future. In a word, preventing traditional culture is very crucial in today's incredibly quick procession of modernization.