Ⅰ. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Ⅲ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese.1. A few years ago, the rich world's worry about economic interaction with developing countries was that the poor could not profit from it. So unbalanced were the terms of exchange between the North's mighty industries and the South's weakling sweatshops that trade between the two could be nothing more than exploitation of the one by the other: far from helping the poor countries, global integration world actually deepen their poverty. This fear have now given way to a pessimism that is equal and opposite—namely, that trade with the developing world will impoverish today's rich countries.
This new fear is more dangerous than the old one. The earlier scare tacitly affirmed that the industrial countries would suffer if they cut their links with the third world. Starting from there, campaigning in the North to restrict trade with developing countries was going to be an uphill struggle. Those who oppose deeper economic integration now have a better platform. Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new competition. Unlike its predecessor, this idea may sell.
The new fear, like the old one, expresses the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another. This is a deeply rooted prejudice, and plainly wrong. Very nearly all of the world is more prosperous now than it was 30 years ago. Growth has been a story of mutual advance.
Lending useful support to this first error is a second—the idea that there is only so much work to go round. If new technologies make some jobs obsolete, or if an increase in the supply of cheap imports makes other jobs uneconomic, the result must be a permanent rise in unemployment. Again, on a moment's reflection, this is wrong.
At the core of both errors is blindness to the adaptive power of a market economy.
几年前,富国在与发展中国家经济交往中所担心的是那些贫穷国家不能从中获利。北部强大的工业与南部弱小的血汗工厂之间互通有无的条件严重失衡,结果双方的经贸往来只能是一方剥削另一方。全球化不仅不能帮助贫穷国家,反而只会加重这些国家的贫穷。目前这种恐惧已被另一种势均力敌的相反的悲观情绪所取代,即与发展中国家的经贸往来会使今日的富国陷入贫困之中。
这种新的恐慌比前一种更加危险。前者还心照不宣地承认如果切断与第三世界国家的联系,那么工业国家将会遭受损失。有鉴于此,限制与发展中国家的贸易在北部还将是一场艰苦的斗争。现在那些反对进一步经济融合的人占了上风,重大经济利益驱使富国保护其工业不受新的攻击。与前一种恐惧不同,这种观点可能会被接受。
如同前一种恐惧,这种新的恐惧表达了一种信念:世界上一个地区的发展必定是以牺牲另一个地区为代价的。这是一种根深蒂固的偏见,并且大错特错,因为几乎整个世界都比30年前繁荣昌盛。发展是一个共同前进的问题。
与前一种错误观点遥相呼应的是第二种错误观点一一可供分配的工作只有这么多。新技术淘汰一些工作,或者增加进口廉价商品的数量导致其他一些工作不划算,那么后果必定是失业率的永远上升。然而,略加思考就会发现这种观点是错误的。
两种谬论的核心是对市场经济的适应能力视而不见。
Ⅳ. Writing1.
Directions: Please read the following report and then write an essay in 250-300 words on the topic: My comment on the plan of future development of Chongming (崇明) Island. Your composition should consist of three parts: 1. The characteristics of the plan
2. My comment on the plan
3. Description of the relationship between human and nature (to support our comment)
Chongming, the country's third largest and Shanghai's "last piece of pristine land", is working on a decade-long development plan. There are no large-scale industrialization plans for the island. Instead future development will focus on tourism, resorts and exhibition centers although there will be room for certain pollution-free industries.
——From "Shanghai Star"
[范文] My Comment on the Plan of Future Development of Chongming Island
As the only pristine piece of land in Shanghai, Chongming Island should be constructed into a modern comprehensive ecological island, as confirmed by President Hu Jintao when he examined this island on July 27
th, 2007. With the goal in mind, I suggest to develop tourism and fishing prior to other industries on Chongming Island.
Firstly, Chongming Island has colorful tourist resources. As an island, Chongming enjoys exclusive beauty alongside the sea. Chongming Island is called the Crab Island and it's famous for crabs on the nearby mud flats. Those crabs crawl so fast that tourists can hardly catch any of them. There are so many such little crabs that the whole mud flats seem to be covered by a crab-made blanket. Tourists can enjoy the good taste of crabs offered by the local fishermen as well. Chongming Island is also famous for reeds which surround the whole island. Tourists will be stunned by the oceans of reeds.
Secondly, Chongming Island, with Yangtze River on the left and Donghai Sea on the right, is a born place for fishery. The combination of beautiful island views and various kinds of seafood will attract lots of tourists.
Thirdly, among the major islands, Chongming Island is the only alluvial island, and with the accumulation of silt brought along by the Yangtze River, the shape of this island is constantly changing. Therefore, it's not good to build large factories and too many tall buildings. Several-floored hotels and restaurants for tourism and fishing are just fine and easy to build.
To sum up, in order to protect the ecological environment of Chongming Island, no heavy industry should be developed here. Under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development, light industry such as tourism and fishery should be encouraged to coordinate the development of human beings and nature.