Section ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Section ADirections: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1. The world children live in is changing more rapidly than ever before; they are constantly exposed to crushing expectations and pressures through social media; and every individual is taught by our society to find a unique path through life that will earn them financial success, lead to personal satisfaction and make a positive contribution to society. No mean feat even in the best of circumstances. Consequently, a child is unlikely to be a high-achiever unless you can surround that child with a community of co-learners who can be of help, with a team of experts who can bring out the child's best personality, and with an environment embodying the conviction that all people are capable of much more than they realize once given opportunities.
儿童所处的世界正在以前所未有的速度变化(儿童生长所在的世界变化速度超过以往任何时候)。儿童通过社交媒体不断感知众多的期望和压力,令其无法承受。社会告诫每一个人要寻找独特的生活之路,使自己获得经济上的成功(成为大款)、满足个人的欲望并为社会做出积极的贡献。即使在最有利的条件下,这也并非易事。因此,要想使孩子事业有成,其周围必须有一群共同学习的人帮助孩子,有一个专家团队能使孩子展现最佳的个性,有一个环境使人们坚信只要有机会,每个人的能力都会超出自己的想象。
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
1.be exposed to通常译为“暴露于……”或“接触……”,但在此句中最好翻译为“感知……”。
2.动词crush常见的意义是“碾碎……”,“粉碎……”或“挤压……”,但有时指subdue or suppress by or as if by force; overwhelm(使人无法抗拒……),所以crushing expectations可译为“过高的期望”或“期望过高,令人无法忍受”。
3.许多学生看到financial就联想到“金融”,实际上该词经常用于描写个人的经济状况,如improve financially(收入增加),financial support(资助),by financial means(通过经济手段),be in financial trouble(经济上有麻烦)或a financial success(大款或大亨)。
4.名词feat的意义是an act or accomplishment showing usual daring,skill or endurance; remarkable deed(非凡的事或了不起的事)。
5.a high-achiever就是a person who is hardworking and successful(有造诣的人或通过努力获得成功的人)。
6.名词community有不同的意义,如the international community(国际社会),the scientific community(科学界),the community center(社区活动中心)。在该句中,community的意义是a group of people living together and having interests or work in common(一群志同道合的人)。
7.词组bring out的意义是“把……挖掘出来”或“把……展现出来”。
8.最后一句有and with an environment embodying the conviction that all people are capable of much more than they realize once given opportunities,可能是该题最难翻译的句子,不少学生没有看懂就匆忙翻译。embody的意义是“体现”或“包括”,embodying the conviction that...是定语,修饰environment,而the conviction后面是个同位语从句,说明conviction的内容。最后的once given opportunities是状语从句(一旦得到机会),修饰people。be capable of常接doing,但也可接something,所以be capable of much more than they realize直译为“没意识到自己能做这么多事儿”,意译为“能力超出自己的想象”。
Section BDirections: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1. 基础医学的研究生们不仅要尽可能多读文献,还要提高分析数据和英文写作的能力。他们有时工作到深夜。不论是简单的还是复杂的,任何一个实验都可能需要数月时间完成。尽管中国医学界每年发表的论文多得惊人,但仍缺乏世界知名的科学家。
Not only do graduate students of (majoring in) basic medical sciences have to read as much literature as possible, but also improve their ability to analyze data and write in English. They sometimes work far into the night. Any experiment, simple or complicated, may take months. Despite the surprisingly large number of articles published by the medical community in China annually, China still lacks world-renowned scientists.
[解析] 英译汉难点说明:
该短文看似简单,但很难翻译得正确流畅,所以优美的译文并不多见,用词错误或语法错误比比皆是的译文倒是不少。实际上,该短文汇聚了近几年GET汉译英部分经常出现的词或句型。
1.我们常用literature翻译“文献”,而且是不可数名词,documents指“文件”,而references通常指“参考资料”。学生们翻译含有比较级的中文句子时特别容易出错,原因是深受汉语词序的影响,而不考虑英语的习惯或特点。翻译“尽可能多……”或“尽可能少……”时首先要注意名词是否可数,以便从many、few、much和little中做出选择,然后要确保词序正确,把名词放在as...as...中间,如make as many friends as possible/one can(尽可能多交朋友),use as little water as possible(尽可能少用水)或spend as much time as possible with one's parents(尽可能多陪伴父母)。
2.前几年汉译英考题中多次出现“……的能力”,但很多同学对此印象不深,仍然按原来的习惯翻译,使用国内盛行的the ability of doing something,而国外主流的表达方式是the ability to do something。某些名词习惯上接不定式充当定语,如attempt, commitment, courage, eagerness, effort, decision, determination, failure, inability, need, plan, promise, reluctance, urge, willingness,所以很少有人说my decision of going abroad或her failure of convincing her parents。
3.英语中有多种表达“不论”的方式,要根据所表达的内容选择合适的句型,所以不能见到“不论”就首选no matter...。涉及意义相反的形容词时,一个or就解决问题,如“所有国家,不论大小,都应该……”可翻译为all nations,big or small,ought to...,没必要使用no matter,而且no matter通常接疑问副词,如what或where,但很少有人使用no matter whether...。
4.我们通常用take翻译“做……需要多少时间”,need和require远不如take流行,尤其是后面有to do something的时候,而使用spend是错误的。需要记住的是,spend和take的区别不是句型不同,而是表达完全不同的含义,两者没有互换的可能。
5.学生们见到“尽管”就想起了although或though,而不是选择更“经济实惠”的despite。
6.不少学生不了解number和amount的区别,甚至忘记使用不定冠词,写成large amount of papers。不论是papers,还是articles,都是可数名词,所以翻译“大量的论文”应该使用a large number of...。不可思议的是,不少学生不会使用surprise,如把“我吃惊地发现她在吸烟”错译为:
I surprisingly found her smoking.
I found her smoking surprisedly
Surprisingly, I found her smoking.
I surprised finding her smoking.
I was surprising to find her smoking.
最简单而正确的译法是:
I was surprised to find her smoking.
翻译“……论文多得惊人”可用surprisingly,表示“程度”,如the scenery is surprisingly beautiful。
7.somebody is lack of something这个句型已经在学生们的脑海里根深蒂固,岂不知这是错误地使用lack。该词既是及物动词,也是名词,而lacking是形容词,所以“中国缺少……”只需翻译为China lacks...或there is a lack of...in China,万万不能写成China is lack of...。
8.很多学生不注意名词的单复数,把“缺乏世界知名的科学家”翻译为a lack of world-famous scientist,应该使用scientists。