Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.
[听力原文] W: What's wrong with your shirt? You must wet it immediately. M: My nose was bleeding when I was in school. Q: What happened to the boy's shirt? [解析] 女士说:你的衬衫怎么了?必须赶快洗洗。 男士说:我在学校的时候鼻子流血了。 从对话中可以得知男孩流鼻血,把衬衫弄脏了。
[听力原文] M: I typed too much, so my fingers hurt. W: Why don't you go to a doctor? M: Doctors can give me nothing but some lip service to that. Q: What does the man mean? [解析] 男士说:我打了好多字,手指都疼了。 女士说:怎么不去看看医生? 男士说:医生除了嘴上说说,起不了什么实际作用。 lip service意思是口头上说好听的话,常指没有实际行动,只是嘴上说说。通常用这个词组表示不满。
[听力原文] W: Do you smell that? One cigarette brings a bad smell to the whole lobby. M: The smokers think they are cool by taking a puff. W: But they don't care about the interest of others. Q: What does the woman think of smoking? [解析] 女士说:你闻到了吗?一支香烟给整个大厅都带来了一股难闻的味道。 男士说:吸烟的人认为抽烟显得很酷。 女士说:但是他们根本不考虑别人。 take a puff:抽烟。女士认为在公众场合吸烟的人根本不顾其他人的感受,是一种无礼、令人不舒服的行为。offensive:冒犯的,无礼的。
[听力原文] W: Excuse me. Can you save my place for me, please? Nature's calling. M: Sure. But hurry. The line is moving fast. Q: What does the man advise the woman to do? [解析] 女士说:不好意思。请问能帮我占个位子吗?我需要去趟卫生间。 男士说:没问题。但是快点儿。队伍走得很快。 nature is calling:上厕所,去卫生间,相当于go to the bathroom。
[听力原文] W: Johnny. What are you up to this Saturday evening? M: Nothing at the moment. Why? W: I've got two tickets to see Peking Opera at the National Theater if you're interested. M: Thanks, but Peking Opera is not really my cup of tea. Q: What we can learn about this man? [解析] 女士说:约翰尼,你周六晚上有事吗? 男士说:目前看没有。怎么了? 女士说:我有两张国家大剧院的京剧票,你有兴趣吗? 男士说:谢谢,但是我对京剧不感兴趣。 not my cup of tea的意思是“不是我喜欢的类型”。说明男士对京剧不感兴趣。
[听力原文] M: Do you happen to know the cell phone number of our tutor? W: Yes, I do. It's 858-405-3410. M: Sorry, I didn't quite catch you. W: It's 858-405-3410. Q: What's the cell phone number of their tutor? [解析] 男士说:你知道咱们导师的电话吗? 女士说:知道。858-405-3410。 男士说:不好意思,没听清楚。 女士说:858-405-3410。
[听力原文] M: Thanks for picking me up when my car broke down. W: Don't mention it. You are my cousin, so I'm the person you can turn to. Q: What does the woman mean? [解析] 男士说:我的车坏了,谢谢你来接我。 女士说:别客气。你是我表哥,有事尽管来找我。 从对话中可以得知两人的表兄妹关系,所以女士愿意随时提供帮助。
8.
A.John's career differs from that of his family members.
[听力原文] M: What's wrong with John? He is in jail again! W: John's way of life is so different from ours. M: Yeah. He is known as the black sheep of our family. Q: What does the man mean? [解析] 男士说:约翰怎么了?又进监狱了! 女士说:约翰过得跟咱们太不一样了。 男士说:是啊。他真是咱们家的败家子。 black sheep:败家子,害群之马。
[听力原文] W: How come the front door is open? Didn't you close it before we went shopping? M: I'm sure I did. I can't understand it. W: Frankly, I smell a rat. We'd better call the police. Q: What does the woman mean? [解析] 女士说:前门怎么开了?咱们出去买东西你没关门吗? 男士说:我肯定关了。不知道怎么回事。 女士说:老实说,我觉得不妙。最好报警吧。 smell a rat:感到不妙,感到有可疑之处。因为男士说走之前肯定关门了,但是回家发现门开着,所以女士觉得有些不对劲,建议报警。
Section B Directions:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.
[听力原文] There is the belief that young children are the best second language learners. In fact, studies have shown that adolescents and adults are in many ways better at learning a new language than children, except in the area of pronunciation. This is probably because they can use some of their knowledge about language learning when learning the second language. However, what's the best age to learn a new language? The answer depends on the situation. For example, a child who is born to an American father and German mother living in the United States can start to learn both German and English from the moment he is born. This is probably the most favorable situation for anyone who wishes to speak two languages fluently as an adult. A child of school age who comes to live in America has no choice but to start to learn English. It can take several years for her to reach the level of a native English speaker. It is important that she continues her first language development. Some specialists claim that the sooner a child starts to learn a second language the better. However, evidence shows otherwise, particularly if the second language comes to take the place of the first language. The child may not develop full proficiency in either. If more time is spent learning a second language at school, then some other subject will suffer. So what is the best age for a person to start learning a foreign language? The answer is early adolescence, so about 11-13. Why can adults learn a second language better than children? [解析] 本文介绍了在不同情况下学习外语的最佳年龄。 “为什么成年人学习外语比孩子学得好?” 文中说:This is probably because they can use some of their knowledge about language learning when learning the second language. 可能是因为成年人学习第二语言时能够利用自己在语言学习方面的知识。
2.
A.To learn the two languages simultaneously.
B.To focus on his first language development.
C.To choose one of the two languages to learn.
D.To learn the second language at school age.
A B C D
A
[听力原文] What is best for a child if his parents speak two languages? [解析] “如果父母分别说两种语言,对孩子来说最好的方法是什么?” 文中说:For example, a child who is born to an American father and German mother living in the United States can start to learn both German and English from the moment he is born. This is probably the most favorable situation for anyone who wishes to speak two languages fluently as an adult. 例如,如果生活在美国的一个孩子的父亲是美国人,而母亲是德国人,那么这个孩子一出生就可以同时学习英语和德语。不论谁希望成年后能流利讲两种语言,这可能是最有利的条件。
3.
A.Between five and eight.
B.The moment one is born.
C.As early as possible.
D.Between eleven and thirteen.
A B C D
D
[听力原文] What's the best age to start to learn a foreign language? [解析] “学习外语的最佳年龄是多大?” 文中说:So what is the best age for a person to start learning a foreign language?The answer is early adolescence, so about 11-13. 学习外语的最佳年龄是几岁?答案是青少年时期,大约11~13岁之间。
[听力原文] In America, May and June are the traditional months for graduations. But it is not easy for American college graduates to find jobs. The latest survey published in March by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, known as NACE, found that employers expected to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. Most blamed the economic recession. The most recent student survey showed that one-fifth of those who looked for jobs before graduation have one by now. This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago. But one difference is that fewer of this year's graduates have started to search for jobs. Engineering and accounting graduates were more likely to have started their job search already and to have accepted a job. These are among the best paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average, engineering majors expect to start at about 62,000 dollars a year. Accounting majors expect about 45,000. So how can students increase their chances for a job? Officials say the most effective tool is a school's career counseling center. Counselors can help students with job applications and preparing for interviews. They also let students know about job openings and events like job recruitment fairs. They can also help first-year students decide what to study. Why did employers expect to hire fewer graduates this year? [解析] 本文介绍了近期毕业生找工作的情况,特别是不同专业的收入情况。 “雇主为什么预计今年雇用的毕业生人数少于往年?” 文中说:The latest survey...found that employers expected to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. Most blamed the economic recession. 最新调研显示雇主预计今年雇用的毕业生人数比去年要少22%。多数人认为是经济不景气造成的。
2.
A.45,000 dollars.
B.62,000 dollars.
C.54,000 dollars.
D.26,000 dollars.
A B C D
B
[听力原文] What's the starting salary that engineering graduates can expect? [解析] “预计工科毕业生的起薪会是多少?” On average, engineering majors expect to start at about 62,000 dollars a year. 平均来说,工科毕业生最初的年薪大约是62000美元。
3.
A.To prepare admission applications.
B.To conduct interviews among teachers.
C.To improve their chances of employment.
D.To offer lectures on fire fighting.
A B C D
C
[听力原文] What can the career counseling center help students to do? [解析] “职业咨询中心能够帮助学生做什么?” 文中说:So how can students increase their chances for a job? Officials say the most effective tool is a school's career counseling center. Counselors can help students with job applications and preparing for interviews. They also let students know about job openings and events like job recruitment fairs. 学生如何提高自己的就业机会?政府官员说学校的职业咨询中心是最有效的途径。咨询老师会帮助学生申请职位和准备面试。他们还会帮助学生了解招聘的职位和招聘会之类的活动。
Section C Directions:In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.
1. It uses a heating element that vaporizes a ______ (2 words).
liquid solution
[听力原文] An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a battery-powered device which simulates tobacco smoking by producing a vapor that resembles smoke. It uses a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution. Some solutions contain a mixture of nicotine and flavorings. Some release a flavored vapor without nicotine. The design was patented in 1963. E-cigarettes are designed to look like real cigarettes as a method of helping people quit the habit. However, the benefits and risks of electronic cigarette use are uncertain. Some e-cigarettes are sold in flavors like chocolate and strawberry that are appealing to young people. In fact, some young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes have tried electronic cigarettes at least once. A recent study by scientists at the University of California has shown e-cigarette use among school students in the U.S. more than doubled between 2011 and 2012, from 3.1 percent to 6.5 percent. The study has also found that teenagers who use the e-cigarette are more likely to smoke traditional cigarettes and less likely to quit smoking. The increasing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people has raised concerns from a number of organizations. The United States Centers for Disease Control, and the United States Food and Drug Administration are concerned that e-cigarettes might increase addiction to nicotine and tobacco products in children. The World Health Organization also raises the concern of addiction for nonsmokers from their use of e-cigarettes. These organizations call for stricter controls on e-cigarette distribution in order to ensure the safety and quality of e-cigarettes, and that their marketing and sales are restricted to adults. [解析] 本文介绍了电子香烟,分析了电子香烟的利弊,并指出了卫生机构对电子香烟危害的关注。 文中说:An e-cigarette uses a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution. 电子香烟使用加热元件蒸发烟液。
2. E-cigarettes are designed to look like real cigarettes as a method of helping people ______(3 words).
quit the habit
[解析] 文中说:E-cigarettes are designed to look like real cigarettes as a method of helping people quit the habit. 电子香烟设计成跟真的香烟一模一样,目的是帮助人们戒烟。
3. A recent study...has shown e-cigarette use among school students in the U.S. ______(3 words) between 2011 and 2012.
more than doubled
[解析] 文中说:E-cigarette use among school students in the U.S. more than doubled between 2011 and 2012. 从2011年到2012年,美国学生中电子香烟的使用人数增加了一倍多。
4. The ______ (2 words) of e-cigarettes among young people has raised concerns from a number of organizations.
increasing popularity
[解析] 文中说:The increasing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people has raised concerns from a number of organizations. 电子香烟在年轻人中越来越流行,这引发了一些组织的担忧。
5. ...in order to ensure the safety and quality of e-cigarettes, and that their marketing and sales are ______(3 words).
restricted to adults
[解析] 文中说:These organizations call for stricter controls on e-cigarette distribution in order to ensure the safety and quality of e-cigarettes, and that their marketing and sales are restricted to adults. 这些组织呼吁加强对电子香烟销售的管理,确保电子香烟的安全和质量,还要确保电子香烟的推广和销售只限于成年人。
PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY
Section A Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.
1. A casual dress seems out of place if you go to an important job interview.
A.incomparable
B.irreversible
C.inappropriate
D.infertile
A B C D
C
[解析] 该句意为:如果你参加一个重要的工作面试,穿休闲装似乎是不合适的。 out of place:不合适的,不得体的;incomparable:无法比较的;irreversible:不可逆的;inappropriate:不合适的;infertile:不肥沃的,不能生育的。
2. In this museum, visitors can see authentic examples of ancient Roman sculpture.
9. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out at a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.
A.to my advantage
B.in the end
C.to no effect
D.to some extent
A B C D
C
[解析] 该句意为:我试图劝说女儿到附近的饭店吃饭,但没有效果。 in vain:徒劳的;to my advantage:对我有利;in the end:最终;to no effect:没有效果;to some extent:某种程度上。
10. Do you know what it is like to come upon an old friend on the street in a foreign city?
A.undergo
B.encounter
C.conserve
D.recollect
A B C D
B
[解析] 该句意为:你知道在异国他乡的城市里遇到老朋友是什么感受吗? come upon:偶然遇到……(相当于come across);undergo:经历……(相当于experience);encounter:遇到……,遭遇……;conserve:保守……,保护……,节约使用……;recollect:回忆……。
Section B Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.
1. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ______ of the habitat into smaller patches.
6. It is significant that about half of the vocabulary of modem English is ______ Romance origin.
A.in
B.from
C.to
D.of
A B C D
D
[解析] 该句意为:重要的是,现代英语词汇中大约有50%来源于罗曼语系。 be of...结构常接importance,significance,value,benefit等词,但也可接kind, nature,origin,species,type等表示“类别”或“属性”的词,如be of different nature(性质不同)。
7. If you take the right approach ______ this work, you won't go ______ the wrong direction.
8. This professor was eager to ______ what has greater impact on parenting practices.
A.make out
B.look out
C.turn out
D.find out
A B C D
D
[解析] 该句意为:这位教授急于了解哪些因素对于管教子女的方式影响更大。 make out:艰难地看清楚……;look out:当心,瞭望,提防;turn out:生产……,培养……,后来发现是……;find out:查明……,弄清楚……,了解……(主要接疑问词引导的从句,偶尔接名词,所以find out the cause of the accident并不常用,与find的区别不是“过程”与“结果”)。
9. Men who are conscientious are more likely to eat right and ______ an exercise routine.
PART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST Directions:There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. Demand for higher education is rising rapidly across the world, with record numbers of people 1 to a degree or equivalent qualification. This is putting tremendous pressure on universities to innovate their model in order to stay 2 and deliver on the promise of economic mobility. However, 3 the rapid and profound technological advancements that have come to define recent history, the business of higher education has largely remained 4 for centuries. Universities are under mounting scrutiny as costs rise and 5 for employment remain dim. Employers are quick to point out the problems with the educational system, but are hesitant to 6 responsibility. Then, where does the future of universities lie? Meeting the global demand for a highly skilled workforce will require acute ability to foresee disruptive trends 7 deliberate, measured risks. Universities that successfully ride the wave of change will 8 a balance between tradition and technology, forge innovative partnerships and demonstrate value. Policy-driven structural reforms 9 technology will produce winners and losers. But those that take the leap to think globally, act 10 , capitalize on big data will emerge as industry leaders.
PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.
Passage One Forty years ago butter suddenly became bad for you and those who ate quantities of red meat were believed to take their lives in their hands unfortunately. The public response to guidelines advising us to eat less fat ignited hysteria. The panic was fuelled by the sort of over-simplistic newspaper articles that often follow new guidance on our eating habits. Fat was the root of all evil in the 1970s and 1980s. Now it is sugar. Recently, a new paper says the guidance on fat should never have been introduced because it was based on inadequate evidence. Meat and dairy can go back on the shopping list and the dinner table. The paper was written by Zoë Harcombe, a writer of diet books. People who ate higher fat diets in trials in the 1970s did not have higher death rates from heart disease, they say. Carbohydrate consumption went up as fat went down. Food companies began to produce low-fat ranges and many products, like the low-fat yoghurts, compensated for the loss of taste by adding large amounts of sugar. The rise of sugar in response to the fat phobia is undoubtedly real and has done a lot of damage. If the original trial evidence was weak, they say, that is partly because diet and nutrition trials are incredibly hard to do. People often either actually forget what they have eaten during a week or month or suffer from a sort of embarrassment-induced loss of memory They are a bit ashamed of doughnuts, crisps and cream cakes. The six small studies Harcombe and colleagues looked at from the 1970s were randomized control trials—where one group eats what they like and others eat what they are told to. It is the gold standard model in drug trials, but it does not work well in diets. Patients in a trial will take the pills the doctor gives them. People in diet studies, told not to eat fat, may try and even succeed to a degree, but experience shows that most people revert to their usual eating habits rather than tell researchers that they failed. Some critics said focusing on one nutrient alone is not useful. It is not whether we should eat butter or give up sugar that matters. The best approach is to eat wholesome real food, such as a diet that includes fruit and vegetables, fish, lean meat and olive oil.
1. The underlined words in the first paragraph probably mean "______."
A.feel quite safe
B.risk their lives
C.become fatally ill
D.prepare for suicide
A B C D
B
[解析] 本文涉及食品营养问题。20世纪70年代,政府出台了新的指导原则建议人们少摄入脂肪,同时报纸也不负责任地“煽风点火”,导致人们远离红肉和奶制品。最近,Harcombe发表论文批评这些指导原则,认为其证据不足、结论不实、后果严重,导致糖的用量猛增。作者的意图是建议人们正确看待脂肪的功能。 文章第一句就说明40年前,黄油突然变成了健康杀手。由于红肉富含脂肪,所以大量食用红肉的人就会倒霉。由于出现了unfortunately这个词,可以推测take their lives in their own hands应该是“做不利于健康的事”。
2. Guidelines on consumption of fat that were released in the 1970s ______.
6. Which of the following statements would the author agree with? ______
A.A wholesome diet approach is the best.
B.Fat is the root of all evils regarding health.
C.Fat has proved more nutritious than sugar.
D.We should consume as little sugar as possible.
A B C D
A
[解析] 文章是为了脂肪“平反”,所以可排除选项B,但并没说脂肪比糖更有营养,因此排除了选项C。虽然过多摄入糖有害健康,但文章作者并没建议人们尽量少吃糖。文章最后一段有the best approach is to eat wholesome real food。
Passage Two In 2010, Timothy Judge, a business professor, set out to determine the real impact of salary on job satisfaction. Judge and his colleagues examined 86 different studies measuring both salary and job satisfaction and statistically evaluated the experiences of over 15,000 employees. Their conclusion: "Level of pay had little relation to job satisfaction." These results might be intensely incompatible with your personal experience. We all know what it is like to get a raise or land a job with a big paycheck. How do we account for these findings? One explanation is that people tend to adapt to their level of income surprisingly quickly. If you earn $45,000 a year and receive word that your manager has just authorized a $5,000 increase, you can expect to feel pretty excited. The question is whether that feeling is enduring. It's a bit like driving a new car. You get a genuine thrill out of that first ride home from the dealership. Breathing in the new car scent, you can't help but notice all the ways your new vehicle is superior to your old one. But after a few weeks, it's all background. You go back to being the same person, except for the set of keys. Another reason is that in many cases, the promise of a big paycheck lures people to pursue jobs they don't really enjoy. Judge's team found "a sample of lawyers earning an annual average of $148,000 per year was less job-satisfied than child care workers earning $23,500 annually." Being a lawyer can be incredibly fulfilling for some, but it comes at the price of emotional bankruptcy for others. Studies indicate that workplace happiness lies in having a job that fulfills your basic, human psychological needs. The most rewarding jobs are the ones that provide experiences that grow employees' competence, connect them to their colleagues in meaningful ways and offer them autonomy in how they do their work. Suppose that you were offered a job that paid an annual salary of $200,000. All it required was that you arrive at the office every morning and stare at the wall, doing absolutely nothing, by yourself, for eight hours a day. Would you take it? If you did, chances are you'd be miserable. Let's face it: Nearly every organization can do more to create rewarding workplace experiences. And they can do it without breaking the bank.
1. According to Paragraph Two, people normally believe that ______.
Passage Three Historians of the American Civil War find themselves in the same unenviable position as Shakespeare scholars: so thoroughly have their fields of study been explored that finding a nearly virgin corner is all but impossible. But Don Doyle has broken new ground in an enlightening and compellingly written book, The Cause of All Nations. More than any previous study, it tells the story of how America's Civil War was perceived, debated and reacted to abroad, and how that reaction shaped the course of the war at home. At the war's outset, however, things were not so simple. Southern diplomats framed their struggle in accordance with liberal principles of self-determination. They judged the conflict, Mr Doyle notes, to be "one arising naturally between industrial and agricultural societies, not freedom and slavery as the North believed." The North's response, meanwhile, was uncompromising, legalistic and violent. America's Secretary of State threatened to "wrap the whole world in flames," promising total war on any state that dared aid the South. Most histories of the Civil War turn inward at the end and examine the war's consequences and legacy for America. Mr Doyle turns outward to show how important America's Civil War was to the rest of the world: liberty and democracy defeated slavery and the landed gentry. The Union's victory had wider impacts. In Spain, Queen Isabella, fearing American naval power, ended the attempted re-colonization of Santo Domingo. Ulysses Grant, a civil-war general, turned his military attention to Mexico, where Napoleon Ⅲ had installed an Austrian, Maximilian, as emperor. When the threat of an alliance between France and the South was smashed, Napoleon withdrew his support and in 1867 Maximilian was executed by Mexican troops. Across the ocean, Britain's republicans marched to victory that same year. Democracy had not just survived, but flourished. After Lincoln's death, a French newspaper wrote that he "represented the cause of democracy in the largest and the most universal understanding of the word. That cause is our cause, as much as it is that of the United States." In honor of the Union's victory a French artist crafted a statue out of copper sheeting, a figure representing freedom, tall and proud, holding a torch high. The Statue of Liberty stands today in New York harbor, the copper now green with age, her gaze fixed across the Atlantic on Europe.
1. Shakespeare is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate that ______.
A.historians of the Civil War should learn from Shakespeare
B.new discoveries are easy concerning the cause of the Civil War
C.the Civil War has been studied as extensively as possible
D.the Civil War and Shakespeare's works are known worldwide
A B C D
C
[解析] 本文的目的是介绍一本新书The Cause of All Nations(可粗略翻译为《每个国家都有份》)。虽然该书论述的是个传统的题材——美国南北战争,但视角独特,赢得了本文作者的青睐。与其他研究美国南北战争的书不同,该书重在探讨此战争对其他国家的影响以及其他国家的反应。 文章第一段第一句的大意是研究美国南北战争的人会发现自己的境地同研究莎士比亚作品的人一样糟糕。这两个领域的方方面面都被研究透了,已经没有任何新的角落(virgin corner)可以涉足。这表明研究美国南北战争很难有新的发现。
2. The book entitled The Cause of All Nations is focused on ______.
A.the impact of the Civil War on other countries
B.factors that caused the outbreak of the Civil War
C.the political difference between the North and the South
3. The North regarded the Civil War as a war ______.
A.between industrial and agricultural states
B.between slaves and slave-owners
C.between freedom and slavery
D.between the government and people
A B C D
C
[解析] 第二段第三句有...between industrial and agricultural societies, not freedom and slavery as the North believed,这意味着北方认为战争的原因涉及自由和奴隶制。需要注意的是正确理解not后面as引导的从句,经常表示两者不同。...not freedom and slavery as the North believed不能译为“正如北方所认为的,南北战争不是自由和奴隶制之间进行的”,而应该译为“……不是自由和奴隶制之间进行的,而北方却这么认为”。
4. Paragraph Four is mainly concerned with ______.
A.the effect of incidents abroad on the Civil War
B.contributions of Europeans to the Union's victory
C.numerous conflicts between European countries
D.effects of the Union's victory on other countries
A B C D
D
[解析] 第四段第一句就是The Union's victory had wider impacts。作者接着详细描述了战争的胜利是如何影响西班牙、墨西哥和英国的。
5. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? ______
A.The author of this passage thinks highly of this book by Don Doyle.
B.The Statue of Liberty was crafted in honor of Abraham Lincoln.
C.The North won the Civil War with the support from Europe.
D.The Civil War was caused by French diplomatic policies.
Passage Four Most people under 30 consider email an outdated mode of communication used only by "old people." Instead, they text or post to Facebook. They attach documents, photos, videos, and links to their text messages and Facebook posts the way people over 30 do with email. Many people under 20 now see Facebook as a medium for the older generation. For them, texting has become the primary mode of communication. It offers privacy phone calls don't and immediacy email can't. Crisis hotlines have begun accepting calls from at-risk youth via texting with two big advantages: they can deal with more than one person at a time, and pass the conversation on to an expert without interrupting the conversation. However, texting discourages thoughtful discussion or detail. Addictive problems are compounded by texting's immediacy. Emails take some time and they require that you take the step of explicitly opening them. Text messages magically appear on the screen and demand immediate attention. Add to that the social expectation that an unanswered text feels insulting to the sender, and you've got a recipe for addiction: you receive a text, which activates your novelty centers. You respond and feel rewarded. "More! More! Give me more!" In a famous experiment, neuroscientists placed a small electrode in the brains of rats, in a region known as the pleasure center that "lights up" when gamblers win a bet or drug addicts take cocaine. A lever in the cage allowed the rats to send a small electrical signal directly to this center. Boy how they did! They liked it so much that they did nothing else. They forgot all about eating and sleeping. Long after they were hungry, they ignored tasty food if they had a chance to press that little bar. The rats just pressed the lever over and over again until they died of starvation and exhaustion. Each time we dispatch a text message, we feel a sense of accomplishment, and our brain gets a small amount of reward hormones telling us we accomplished something. Each time we check a Twitter feed or Facebook update, we encounter something novel and feel more connected socially and get more reward hormones. But remember, it is the dumb, novelty-seeking portion of the brain that induces this feeling of pleasure, not the planning, scheduling, higher-level thought centers in the brain. You can now decide for yourself whether email-, Facebook- and Twitter-checking constitute a neural addiction.
1. The most popular mode of communication for those under 20 is ______.
A.email
B.Facebook
C.texting
D.phone calls
A B C D
C
[解析] 此篇文章不容易理解,批评的是人们对于手机信息或微信的痴迷。同电子邮件相比,通过手机或iPad发信息更便捷,因此深受青少年欢迎。但收到手机信息后不及时回复,就可能显得不礼貌,迫使你马上答复,这样会感到有成就感,最后导致心理依赖。 第一段最后一句说明20岁以下的人经常把Facebook(脸书)视为过时的方式。第二段第一句说For them,texting has become the primary mode of communication。所以选择C。
Passage Five I'm writing this after hearing the apparently encouraging news that a new lung cancer treatment is capable of giving sufferers a possible "extra 200 days" of life. Another morning, another "battle against cancer" fought, and in this case won—sort of. Yet I find myself rather in sympathy with the one in five Dutch doctors who, it was reported this week, would consider helping someone die even if they had no physical problems but were "tired of living." Because these doctors have the maturity to face the fact that life has a natural end. The weary truth is that there are just so many "battles," and they appear to be multiplying all the time. A new drug to treat strokes. A breakthrough in the "war" against heart disease. We are fed, daily, the hopeful news: fatal disease is slowly on the retreat. But there's always one more, and sooner or later we all lose. An extra 200 days for lung cancer sufferers. I found myself wondering—what kind of days? Of course, all days may seem worth living when death is approaching. But sometimes the endless quest to extend our days seems fruitless. In the constant narratives of "triumphs" over disease, we are not engaged in a struggle against disease, but death itself. We are only partially rational beings—and at the non-rational level, we believe medicine will save us from our fates. Most cancers are driven by random mistakes in cell division that are outside our control. Yet for many the thought won't quite go away. Thus, we are never quite at peace, because we are always working hard to keep our eyes from staring at the sun. We immerse ourselves in trivial distractions—shopping, loud music, flashing lights. My father died at age 87, and my regret about his death is that he didn't die a few months sooner. The clinging on to life meant that eventually he died unable to speak or hear, totally cut off from the world. A lonely hospital death that had it been faced earlier, could have been altogether more human. The battle against mortal disease can never be won because it is a battle against the inevitable. To face our fate is to have the courage to live, even if it means dying a little earlier than the experts, and even our families, might—perhaps with more kindness than wisdom—insist.
1. The author is likely to be ______ the type of news mentioned in the first paragraph.
5. The author mentions his father in the last paragraph to ______.
A.prove that most people die miserable at old age
B.show his father's courage to face up to death
C.argue that sometimes earlier death means less pain
D.reveal his intense sadness over his father's death
A B C D
C
[解析] 最后一段的第一句有my regret about his death is that he didn't die a few months sooner(我遗憾的是他没有早几个月去世),后面谈到了其父在生命最后时刻所忍受的痛苦,有点儿“犯不上”的含义。
6. This passage is intended to ______.
A.remind us that doctors are more kind than wise
B.tell people to learn to face death with courage
C.suggest that mortal patients end their life sooner
D.advise patients of cancer to give up medication
A B C D
B
[解析] 文章最后一句的perhaps with more kindness than wisdom说明医生们的决定有时是出于善意,而不是出于医术,但这不是文章的主题。作者反对人们徒劳地延长自己的寿命,因此排除了选项C。作者并没有建议任何癌症患者放弃药物治疗,因为有些癌症是可以治愈的。文章的意图是告诫人们勇敢面对死亡,不要盲目相信各种宣传。
PART Ⅴ TRANSLATION Directions:Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
Section A Directions:Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
1. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the influence of the factory on the physical and mental state of the workers has received no attention at all. Modern industry is based on the conception of maximum productivity at the minimum cost. It has gradually expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without any consideration to the impacts produced on the individuals or on their children by the artificial mode of existence. Lack of space necessitates the construction of enormous apartment buildings where large masses of residents are crowded together. While civilized men enjoy such a way of living, they do not realize that they have had some of their necessities of life taken away, including peace, ease and safety.
[解析] 英译汉难点说明: 1.the Industrial Revolution可翻译为“工业革命”或“产业革命”。 2....without any idea of...的意义是“不了解……”或“不知道……”。 3.在第三句中,...produced on the individuals or on their children by the artificial mode of existence充当定语,修饰impacts,意义相当于the impacts of the artificial mode of existence on the individuals or on their children。 4.名词mass经常表示数量,如a mass of capital(大量的资本)。 5....have something done不仅表示“请人做……”,也表示“遭受……”,如have my smartphone stolen(自己的手机被盗)。
Section B Directions:Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
Only at college can you become aware of the importance of self-restraint (self-control). It usually takes a couple of months to get used to/adapt to college life, making it necessary for you (so there is the need) to learn to be self-reliant. Also, you are to set some achievable goals, such as going on to graduate school/entering graduate school/becoming a graduate student. Academic performance makes much difference to your future. Those who try to spend as much time on study as possible/devote...time to...are most likely to be top students/...have the best chance of becoming...
[解析] 英译汉难点说明: 1.很多人习惯使用only引导的倒装句,尤其是臭名昭著的only in this way, can we...,但有些同学不了解only引导的倒装句有什么要求。下面是“只有努力学习,我们才能……”的不同翻译版本,请判断哪几个句子语法上是正确的: 1)Only we work hard can we.... 2)Only working hard can we.... 3)Only work hard can we.... 4)Only hard working can we.... 5)Only to work hard can we.... 6)Only through hard work, can we.... 上述6个句子没有一个是完美的。前5句都有严重的语法错误,第6句不应该使用逗号。只有接连词、介词或副词,only才能用于倒装句,例如: 1)Only after school are we permitted to play football. 2)Only when you have finished your assignment can you go to bed. 3)Only occasionally did she come to see me. 2.前面已经讲过,“做……需要……时间”不能使用spend,也不能使用use或cost,应该首选take。下列句式都是正确的: 1)It took me about two days to write this essay. 2)It took about two days for me to write this essay. 3)This essay took me about two days to write. 4)I took about two days to write this essay. 5)Writing this essay took me about two days. 6)This surgery will take about two hours. 3.动词learn看似容易使用,实际不然。一个常见的错误就是learn knowledge,这两个词不宜组合。不能把“学会容忍”翻译为learn tolerance,而应该是learn to be tolerant,所以“学会自立”不能翻译为learn self-independence。 4.英语讲究组合,也就是某一个名词习惯上与某个动词联合使用。我们常说set a goal,而不是make a goal。其他例子包括take this road(而不是walk), exercise rigorous control(而不是take),strike a balance(而不是make)或expect a reply(而不是wait for)。 5.“最有可能……”的下列译法都是错误的或不合适的: ...be the most possible to do something/have the biggest possibility to do something/have the biggest possibility of doing something/be the most possible for somebody to do something,建议使用likely或chance。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
1. Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay of no less than 150 words under the title of "Advantages of Having Two Kids." You are advised to avoid using any stereotyped expressions or sentences, such as "last but not the least."
[范文] I have been hoping to live where I can play with my brothers or sisters, but this is nothing but a dream to me. Despite the myth that one child can fully enjoy the happiness of the family, the life as an only child is more lonely than happy. One of the advantages of having two kids is that they can deal with the problem of loneliness and selfishness while they grow up. Also, they have more opportunities to interact in order to learn the art of communication. Moreover, knowing what others feel is of importance for creating a warm family atmosphere, but, unfortunately, an only child is usually self-centered. A second advantage lies in sharing the duty to take care of parents. If one family has only one child, he or she will have to attend to aged parents when they need care. Life will be intolerably stressful if both parents have trouble taking care of themselves. With two kids, the family will be faced with less pressure. From my perspective, the two-kid policy is conductive to children's health and social development, as the one-child policy has resulted in labor shortages. No society can achieve sustainable development without the harmony of individual families.