Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation's youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young people 1 from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors 2 marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which 3 student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. 4 young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs are 5 new popularity among young people. Ritalin, 6 as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to 7 hyperactive children, has become a 8 drug on college campuses. A central nervous system 9 , Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as a 10 tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. 11 taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly 12 . Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an 13 of Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committed 14 in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive 15 for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, 16 younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers, 17 they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump 18 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994, and all teens reported substantial increases in 19 drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a 20 with a drinking problem.
1.
A.aged
B.aging
C.age
D.ages
A B C D
A
[解题思路] 动词搭配。aged表示“年龄在……”,做表语;aged from…to…意为“年龄在……之间”,又如:Our classmates are aged from 19 to 22 years old.(我们同学的年龄在19岁到22岁之间)。
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 When European Union (EU) leaders took delivery of Europe's first draft of a constitution at a summit in Greece last June, it was with almost universal praise. There was wide agreement that the text could save the EU from paralysis once it expands from 15 to 25 members next year. It would give Europe a more stable leadership and greater clout on the world stage, said the chairman of the Convention which drafted the agreement, former French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Such praise was too good to last. As the product of a unique 16-month public debate, the draft has become a battleground. Less than four months after it was delivered, the same leaders who accepted it opened the second round of talks on its content this week by trading veiled threats to block agreement or cut off funds if they don't get their way. The tone was polite, but unyielding. In a bland joint statement issued when the talks opened on October 4, the leaders stressed the constitution, "represents a vital step in the process aimed at making Europe more cohesive, more democratic and closer to its citizens. "Sharp differences remain, though, between member countries of the EU over voting rights, the size and composition of the executive European Commission, defense co-operation and the role of religion in the new constitution. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's hopes of wrapping up a deal on the constitution by Christmas seem far from being realized. While the six founding members of the EU--Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg--plus Britain and Denmark, want as little change as possible to the draft, the 10 mainly central European countries due to join the 15-nation bloc next year want to alter the institution's balance. Such small states are afraid their views will be ignored under the constitution and are determined to defend the disproportionate voting rights they won at the 2000 Nice Summit. EU experts fear such sharp differences will create exactly the paralysis in the EU the Convention was established to avoid.
1. The first draft of the EU constitution was aimed at
A.turning EU into a super power in the world's economy.
B.serving the interest of the 10 nations planning to come aboard.
C.building a better election system for excellent leadership.
D.preventing EU from ineffectiveness due to its expansion.
Text 2 "You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Norman, the Bank of England's longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed's much-respected chairman, due to retire next year-after a mere 18 years in the job-some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank's credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present centra1 banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stockmarket bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates-as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources-encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting-the fad of the 1990s-is too crude.
1. The word "minutes" (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means ______.
2. According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into account inflation targets ______.
A.until what to do is clarified
B.until explicit inflation targets are declared
C.until increases in asset prices are curbed
D.until its efficiency is cast doubt on
A B C D
D
[考点解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生识别和理解原文中重要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在原文第二段的倒数第一、二句,这两句的大意是:“这听起来令人鼓舞。但是,美联储刚刚开始考虑这个想法,此时其他一些中央银行开始质疑精确的通货膨胀的目标是否的确起作用”。这表明美联储的动作晚了一步。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是D“until its efficiency is cast doubt on”(直到其效用被置疑)。考生在阅读时要善于捕捉转折词所引导出的重要信息内容。
3. We can learn from the third paragraph that ______.
A.increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal Reserves
B.more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indices
C.changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation
D.inflation have been brought under federal control
A B C D
C
[考点解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对原文中重点句子的理解和把握能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的末句,该句的大意是:“通货膨胀呈现出不同的形式”。由此句可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是C“changes have taken place in the pattern Of inflation' (通货膨胀的形式发生了变化)。
4. It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of ______.
A.the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulations
B.the intervention by central banks in asset prices
C.the prevention of economic recession
D.the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals
A B C D
B
[考点解析] 这是一道细节归纳推导题,测试考生对原文相关信息的归纳和推导能力。本题的答案信息在第四段,尤其是第一、二句。第一句话问:“中央银行是否应该抑制上述资产价格方面的增长?”第二句话回答:“格林斯潘先生继续坚持金融政策不应该被用来刺破资产价格的泡沫”。由此可以推断:格林斯潘不赞成中央银行用相关金融政策去干涉资产价格。故本题的正确选项应该是B“the invention by central banks in asset prices”(中央银行在资产价格方面的干涉)。考生在阅读时应注意对原文上下句之间语意关系的理解和把握。
5. Which of the followings would be the best title for the text?
A.American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered.
B.American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction.
C.Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment.
D.America's Monetary Policy Is off Target.
A B C D
D
[考点解析] 本题属于中心主旨题型,测试考生识别全文中心句和归纳全文中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段尾句,该句是全文的中心主旨句,其大意是:“……美国中央银行美联储也许会采取一个可以产生适得其反的结果的措施”。这是控制原文全篇的灵魂句。全文的其他段落均是围绕此句进行的阐述。故本题的正确选项是D“America's Monetary Policy Is off Target”(美国的金融政策偏离目标)。考生在阅读时要重视识别和控制原文的中心主旨句,以免造成误解。
Text 3 On the first Earth Day, the U.S. was a poisoned nation. Dense air pollution blanketed cities like Los Angeles, where smog alerts were a fact of life. Dangerous pesticides like DDT were still in use, and water pollution was rampant—symbolized by raging fires on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River. But the green movement that was energized by Earth Day— and the landmark federal actions that followed it—changed much of that. Today air pollution is down significantly in most urban areas, the water is cleaner, and even the Cuyahoga is home to fish again. But if the land is healing, Americans may be sickening. Since World War Ⅱ, production of industrial chemicals has risen rapidly, and the U.S. generates or imports some 19 billion kg of them per day. These aren't the sorts of chemicals that come to mind when we picture pollution—huge plants spilling contaminated wastewater into rivers. Rather, they're the molecules that make good on the old "better living through chemistry" promise, appearing in items like unbreakable baby bottles and big-screen TVs. Those chemicals have a, habit of finding their way out of everyday products and into the environment—and ultimately into living organisms. A recent biomonitoring survey found traces of 212 environmental chemicals in Americans—including toxic metals, pesticides, etc. "It's not the environment that's contaminated so much," says the director of the Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center. "It's us." As scientists get better at detecting the chemicals in our bodies, they're discovering that even tiny quantities of toxins can have a potentially serious impact on our health—and our children's future. Chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates—key ingredients in modern plastics—may disrupt the delicate endocrine system. A host of modern ills that have been rising unchecked for a generation—obesity, diabetes, attention-deficit disorder —could have chemical connections. "We don't give environmental exposure the attention it deserves," says Dr. Philip Landrigan. "But there's an emerging understanding that kids are uniquely susceptible to environmental hazards." Washington has been slow to arrive at that conclusion. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the 34-year-old vehicle for federal chemical regulation, has generally been a failure. The burden of proving chemicals dangerous falls almost entirely on the government. And the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been able to issue restrictions on only a handful of chemicals and has lacked the power to ban even some dangerous cancer-causing substances. But change is coming. The Obama Administration is taking a closer look at chemicals. More important, Congress may finally be ready to act. "We can't permit this assault on our children's health—and our own health—to continue," says Senator Frank Lautenberg.
1. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?
A.Earth Day is the only day for people to participate in green movement.
B.Earth Day motivated people to change the polluted environment.
C.Los Angeles once had environmental problems like water pollution.
D.The raging fires on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River resulted from smog.
A B C D
B
[试题类型] 具体信息题。 [解题思路] 根据题干要求定位至第一段。该段第四句指出,地球日引发了绿色运动(the green movement that was energized by Earth Day),并且在此之后政府也采取了一系列措施使环境发生了巨变。由此可知,地球日激励了人们投身于改善受污染的环境,故正确选项为[B]。 [干扰排除] 该段第四句指出,地球日促发的绿色运动以及这之后政府采取的一系列行动都使环境发生了巨变,由此可知,绿色运动是一个长期开展的活动,而非仅地球日一天,故排除选项[A]。该段第二句指出,严重的空气污染(dense air pollution)笼罩着洛杉矶,烟雾警报成为常态,但文中并没有提及洛杉矶是否曾经出现过水污染的现象,故排除选项[C]。由该段第三句可知,库雅荷加河上的大火是山河水污染严重引起的(water pollution was rampant—symbolized by raging fires on...),而非烟雾,故排除选项[D]。
Text 4 Here is a quick way to spoil a Brussels dinner party. Simply suggest that world governance is slipping away from the G20, G7, G8 or other bodies in which Europeans may hog up to half the seats. Then propose, with gloomy relish, that the future belongs to the G2: newly fashionable jargon for a putative body formed by China and America. The fear of irrelevance haunts Euro-types, for all their public boasting about Europe’s future might. The thought that the European Union might not greatly interest China is especially painful. After all, the 21st century was meant to be different. Indeed, to earlier leaders like France’s Jacques Chirac, a rising China was welcome as another challenge to American hegemony, ushering in a “multipolar world” in which the EU would play a big role. If that meant kow-towing to Chinese demands to shun Taiwan, snub the Dalai Lama or tone down criticism of human-rights abuses, so be it. Most EU countries focused on commercial diplomacy with China, to ensure that their leaders’ visits could end with flashing cameras and the signing of juicy contracts. Meanwhile, Europe’s trade deficit with China hit nearly∈170 billion ( $ 250 billion) last year. In five years, China wants 60% of car parts in new Chinese vehicles to be locally made. This is alarming news for Germany, the leading European exporter to China thanks to car parts, machine tools and other widgets. As ever, Europeans disagree over how to respond. Some are willing to challenge China politically — for example, Germany, Britain, Sweden and the Netherlands. But they are mostly free traders. That makes them hostile when other countries call for protection against alleged Chinese cheating. In contrast, a block of mostly southern and central Europeans, dubbed “accommodating mercantilists” by the ECFR (The European Council on Foreign Relations), are quick to call for anti-dumping measures: But that makes them anxious to keep broader relations sweet by bowing to China on political issues. The result is that European politicians often find themselves defending unconditional engagement with China. The usual claim is that this will slowly transform the country into a freer, more responsible stakeholder in the world. The secret, it is murmured, is to let Europe weave China into an entangling web of agreements and sectoral dialogues. In 2007 no fewer than 450 European delegations visited China. Big countries like France and Britain add their own bilateral dialogues, not trusting the EU to protect their interests or do the job properly. There are now six parallel EU and national “dialogues” with China on climate change, for example.
1. What is European “fear of irrelevance”?
A.Europeans may not play big role in the future.
B.The USA may not be interested in Europe.
C.China is developing too fast to control.
D.The EU may not include all European countries.
A B C D
A
[设题点] 段首处 [解析] 语义理解题。fear of irrelevance出现在文章第二段首句,要结合第一段的内容才能准确理解此短语的意思。首段提到在布鲁塞尔迅速破坏一场晚宴的方法是指出世界统治权正在从G20、G7、G8或其他欧洲人占半数席位的组织中溜走,未来将属于G2。由此可以看出,欧洲人担心遭冷落,担心世界统治权与自己毫不相干,担心在将来不能扮演重要角色,答案为 [A]。知道irrelevance的意思是“不相关”有助于解题。
2. European countries once welcomed China’s growing up because
A.they needed China to lead them against America.
B.a rising China contributes to a bipolar world.
C.China had made great achievements in human rights.
D.they needed to make money in China’s big market.
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. Reading a recent newspaper report on a survey conducted among college freshmen, I recalled the regret, "If only I knew then what I know now." The survey disclosed what I had already suspected from informal polls of students. According to the survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today's traditional-age college freshmen are" more materialistic and less altruistic". 41. ______. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the" altruistic" fields is at a low, along with ethnic and women's studies. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. 42. ______. Frankly, I'm proud of the young lady (not her attitude but her success). But why can't we have it both ways? Can't we educate people for life as well as for a career? I believe we can. If we're not, then that is a fault of our educational system--elementary, secondary and higher. In a time of increasing specialization, a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive, more than ever we need to know what is truly important in life. 43. ______. Most of us finally come to realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by how much we earn. Sure, everyone wants to be financially comfortable, but we also want to feel that we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation; we want to be able to render service to our fellow man and to the world. 44. ______. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. 45. ______. In the long run that's what education really ought to be about. And I think it can be. That's the way it should be. Oscar Wilde had it right when he said that we ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives. Let's hope our educators answer the students cries for career education, but at the same time, let's ensure that the students are prepared for the day when they realize their folly. There's a lot more to life than a job. [A] Academic emphasis on competition, rationality and externals acknowledges only one kind of knowing. It makes students devalue their inner selves or larger social purposes. [B] Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective" is to be financially well off." Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. [C] Education must meet the needs of the human spirit. It must assist students to develop a satisfactory personal philosophy and sense of values; to cultivate tastes for literature, music and the arts; to grow in ability to analyze problems and arrive at thoughtful conclusions. [D] That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructors during her first year on the job. And that was four years ago; She must be earning much more now. [E] Most people, somewhere between the ages of 30 and 50, finally arrive at the inevitable conclusion that they could do more than serving a corporation, a government agency, or whatever. [F] But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. [G] While it's true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge -- be it scientific or artistic.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. (46)You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific troth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. (47)It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. (48)It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. (49)It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad sports, but not true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. (50)To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
[解析] 句子框架是You either have science or you don't, and…you are obliged to accept the…pieces of information…。and连接两个并列句。前一分句补充完整为you either have science or you don't have science;其中either…or…结构译成“要么…,要么…”。后一分句中有if引导的条件状语从句,此从句中的it代指前面提到的science。bit意为“(事物的)一部分”,其后省略了of information。
[解析] 句子框架是It would have amazed the brightest minds…to be told…how…and how…。it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式结构to be told…。此不定式的被动结构应译成主动语态。两个how引导的感叹句作told的宾语。minds此处译成“有才智的人”;Enlightenment指“启蒙运动”。
3.
[参考译文] 正是这种突然认识到的人类无知的深度和广度,代表了20世纪科学对人类智能的最大贡献。
[解析] 句子框架是It is this sudden confrontation…that represents the most significant contribution…。It is…that…引导强调结构,强调主语。confrontation with原意为“与…迎面相遇或正面相对”,此处转译为“认识到”;contribution…to译成“对…的贡献”。
[解析] 句子框架是It is not so bad being ignorant if…;the hard thing is knowing…me reality…,but no true light…nor even any tunnels…。分号连接两个并列句。前面的分句句首it为形式主语,真正的主语为being ignorant;if引导条件状语从句。后一分句也是由两个并列句构成,由but连接,前一个分词的谓语是is knowing,后一分句的主语是no true light后面省略了系动词is;句尾that引导的定语从句修饰tunnels。
[解析] 句子框架是there may well be questions…, and therefore limits…, but that is another matter。but连接两个并列句。前面的分句为there be句型,questions与limits并列。we can't think up为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句修饰questions。to be sure此处译成“诚然,固然”,而不应译为“毫无疑问,当然”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Suppose a foreign friend of yours has written to inquire about the possibility of making a seven-day visit in China. Write a reply to give him some information. The following should be included: (1) The place you recommend for him to visit and the reasons ; (2) The suggested route and the timetable of the visit; (3) Some advice on how he should prepare for the visit; (4) Your arrangement for his visit to Beijing.
Dear Tom, I have received your letter saying that you plan to visit China for a week next month.Your letter gives me much pleasure and let me be a good host.I recommend that you visit Beijing.For one thing,seven days is too short a time to see all of the country.For another,Beijing is a site of great historical interest with such features as the former Imperial Palace,the Great Wall and Ming Dynasty Tomb which are attractive to all visitors. Our timetable should be as follows:for the first five days we can tour Beijing and see the great tourist places.Then we will go to the Great Wall during the last two days.In order to have a good trip,I suggest that you bring light clothing and comfortable shoes. Please send me a letter telling me when you will arrive in Beijing. I look forward to your arrival and you are warmly welcome to visit my city. Sincerely yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawings. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly; 2) interpret the phenomenon reflected by it, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
A Generalized Pension Is a Gift to the Peasants [1]In the picture, a peasant marked by a towel around his head sits in a sofa face to face with an old urban worker also seated in a sofa. On the table between them there are two plates containing "the retirement pension", which the peasant is about to enjoy with a spoon while the worker with a fork. Besides, there is a line beneath the picture: the peasants over the age of 60 will be entitled to the generalized pension in our country. [2] Apparently, the picture touches upon a hot topic under discussion that to the great satisfaction of the people, especially the peasants, our government has resolved to introduce the retirement pension nationwide. Definitely, the generalized pension will bring many benefits to the country as well as its people. [3]For one thing, the peasants can [4]cast aside the dominant traditional thinking that one must [5]raise sons to provide for old age, thus reducing their burden and facilitating the family planning. [3]For another, this measure fully demonstrates that our government pays close attention to people’s voice and [6]accords with the popular will. Just as Lincoln said, [7] “government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth”, our government which wins the support of the people will flourish thereby. Considering varied benefits brought by the generalized pension, I hope more detailed schedules will come out soon and relevant departments make the policy substantiated as soon as possible.