Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey's application to join the European Union, to be 1 on by the EU's Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic--in particular, the country's relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. 2 it is not far off that of Latvia--one of the ten new members which 3 on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as 4 of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded 5 talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. 6 , the country's recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a 7 of growth that no EU country comes close to 8 . Turkey's 9 rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country 10 agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey 11 inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy's resilience. Resilience has not historically been the country's economic strong point. 12 , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram 13 a violent heart attack. This 14 has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual 15 have scarcely ever reached $1 billion. One deterrent to foreign investors is due to 16 on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six zeros will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉,土耳其货币单位); one unit of the local 17 will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now--ie, about £ 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be 18 in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, 19 foreign bankers and 20 can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoe-shine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economist's economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that "you can't go wrong" investing in housing-the more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to ever loftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallacies regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts. One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argued that "house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here". But this confuses the level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising indefinitely-just look at Tokyo's huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of homes may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years. A second flawed argument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some people, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion. Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because inflation is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than one repaid over two years. Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of America's Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in the stockmarket because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust than is a share-price boom.
1. The term "fallacies" (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.
2. What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text?
A.The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text.
B.A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs.
C.The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs.
D.A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs.
A B C D
B
[考点解析] 本题属于中心主旨题类型,测试考生把握全文整体结构和中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段的尾句和第二、三、五段的首句。首段的尾句讲:“到了揭露一些谬论的时候了……”;然后第二、三、五段分别具体阐述和分析了三个谬论。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B“A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs”(第一段进行概括,在后面的段落对该概括进行阐述)。考生在阅读时要重视原文的整体结构,这样有利于理解原文。
3. The author of the text makes a comparison in ______.
4. The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price bubbles are ______.
A.complementary
B.identical
C.opposite
D.similar
A B C D
C
[考点解析]这是一道细节题,测试考生对原文重要细节的识别和把握能力。本题的答案信息来源在全文的尾段,尤其尾段的前三句,前三句的大意是:“第三个谬见是美联储主席 Alan Green。pan喜欢说的话,即:由于较高交易成本不利于投机,所以与证券市场相比价格泡沫在住房市场上出现的可能性较小。实际上,若干研究已经表明:无论在理论上还是实践中,泡沫更有可能存在于住房市场。而不是证券市场”。由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是C“opposite”(相对立的)。
5. To which of the following is author likely to agree?
A.It is time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home.
B.Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.
C.People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.
D.Alan Greenspan's claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three.
A B C D
B
[考点解析] 本题属于中心主旨题,测试考生识别和把握全文中心主旨句的能力。本题答案信息来源在首段尾句,该句恰恰是全文的中心主旨句。该句主句的大意是:“到了揭露一些谬见的时候了……”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B,“Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being”。 (一些常见的有关购房的错误论点应该让公众了解和认识)。
Text 2 A bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the airway to constrict fatally. Sharing a toy with another child who had earlier eaten a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives. A peanut butter cup dropped in a Halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk. These are the scenarios that "make your bone marrow turn cold" according to L. Val Giddings, vice president for food and agriculture of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Besides representing the policy interests of food biotech companies in Washington, D. C., Giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy. Peanuts are only one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the number of people who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population. Giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that do great harm to some people's immune systems. Although soy allergies do not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarket a minefield for people allergic to soy. Biotechnologists are focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand their research to the rest of the "big eight" allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish. Last September, for example, Anthony J. Kinney, a crop genetics researcher at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Del., and his colleagues reported using a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. RNAi exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destroy RNA transcribed from a given gene, effectively turning off the gene. Whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. Courtney Chabot Dreyer, a spokesperson for Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a subsidiary of DuPont, says that the company will conduct studies to determine whether a promising market exists for low allergen soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. She estimates that Pioneer Hi-Bred is seven years away from commercializing the altered soybeans. Doug Gurian-Sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interest—a group that has advocated enhanced Food and Drug Administration oversight for genetically modified foods—comments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. But he wonders about "identity preservation" a term used in the food industry to describe the deliberate separation of genetically engineered and no nengineered products. A batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. Such issues of identity preservation could make low-allergen genetically modified foods too costly to produce, Chabot Dreyer admits. But, she says, "it's still too early to see if that's true. "
1. According to the text, foods have been genetically altered to______.
A.taste more delicious
B.to cure people's ineffectiveness in immune system
3. According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A.Genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority.
B.Genetically modified foods have proved to be safe.
C.The nonengineered foods absolutely can be contaminated by the engineered foods.
D.The engineered foods are immediately profitable for the food companies.
A B C D
A
[考点] 推理判断 [解析]通读全文,我们把本题定位在最后两段的议论上。文章在最后一段第一句话提到“公共利益科学中心一贯要求食品与药品管理局加大对转基因食品的监控”,其中enhanced(加大)一词就说明目前食品与药品管理局对转基因食品有监控措施,只不过公共利益科学中心认为这种监控力度不够,所以选项A是正确答案。 [干扰项分析] 文章只是提到了转基因食品面临的挑战,并没有明确指出转基因食品被证明安全或不安全,选项B属于文章没有提到的内容,因此可以排除。虽然前面提到了转基因食品可以降低食品过敏几率,但并不足以说明转基因食品被证明是安全的。文章最后一段所谓“身份保留问题”实际上就是关于非转基因食品是否会污染转基因食品的讨论。关于这一问题有两种观点,第一种观点很容易看出来,Doug Gurian-Sherman认为会存在污染,第二种观点就隐晦得多,Chabot Dreyer。认为这个问题也许会增加成本,但最后一句话至关重要,“it’s still too early to see if that’s true”,其中it就是指是否污染的问题,显然后者对污染与否持怀疑态度。换句话说,对于这个问题人们还没有定论,所以选项C可以排除。至于选项D,很多考生都容易想到新技术带来利益是很正常的,但千万不要忘了immediately(立刻)这个单词。文章第五段提到要卖转基因种子给农民至少要等七年,言下之意,在搞清楚市场潜力之前,转基因食品不会立刻上市,因此也就不会立刻带来利益,故排除D项。
4. From the text, we can know that RNAi______.
A.can deprive cells of certain mechanism
B.can protect cells against foreign genetic material
Text 3 Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively " Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain's North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A strong interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
1. What do we learn about the cultural history of Britain's North American empire from Paragraph 1 ?
A.The southern colonies had never existed before 17C.
B.Historians nowadays ignore it for some reason unknown.
C.The American culture during the Colonial era was actually New England Puritan Culture.
D.People today think that history was not recorded by government.
A.Davis cries for the excessive influence historians attributed to the Puritans.
B.Davis believes in using the Puritans as the standard to evaluate the contributions of Southern colonials.
C.Davis concerns more about the differences between the Southern and Northern colonials.
D.Davis objects to the difference between the Southern and Puritan colonies.
A B C D
B
[解析] 选项A犯了偷换概念的错误,第三段的decry意为“责难、谴责”,而选项中的cry for意为“迫切要求”,所以A选项是错误的。C选项同样犯了偷换概念的错误,错在了Northern上,原文应为Puritan。D选项犯了正反混淆的错误,原文第四句说Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences,而不是object to反对。根据本段第三句,可以判断正确选项为B。
4. The most distinctly Puritan aspects of the early New England were typical for______.
Text 4 Raymond Arth knows he should feel better about the economy. His company hasn't returned to its pre-recession revenues selling its wares to the makers of RVs and manufactured homes, but it is making a profit again. Like too many other small-business proprietors, Arth doesn't fully trust this economic recovery. While he says he's "guardedly optimistic" about it, his actions are all about the first half of that phrase, In the Labor Department's latest snapshot of the country's job market, the private sector added 268,000 jobs in April, the largest gain in five years and the third consecutive month of solid job growth. Yet a more sobering account of where the economy might be headed—and arguably a more accurate barometer of the near-term future—is the monthly report published by the National Federation of Independent Business. After all, it's small businesses, which have created two out of every three new jobs the economy has added since the early 1990s, that historically have led the country out of recessions. And it's the owners of small businesses that the NFIB surveys each month for its Small Business Optimism Index. On that front the news is anything but good. The index is down for the second straight month. Fewer small-business owners expect conditions to improve over the next half year a drop of 18 percentage points from January. The bulk of new hiring must be happening inside larger corporations, since their smaller counterparts on Main Street say they are generally reluctant to create new jobs. That aptly sums up the sentiments of Scott Lipps, the president of the Sleep Tite Mattress Factory. Before the downturn, Lipps says, his sales were about evenly split between his medical clients (hospitals and nursing homes) and consumers buying mattresses through a factory outlet. But sales to the general public plummeted starting in 2008. "The families affected most by the economy have stopped buying," Lipps says. "And those who say 'We have to have a new mattress' are downgrading to a medium-quality mattress. " Despite a 20 percent drop in sales, Lipps and his partner tried to forestall the inevitable by putting up $ 70,000 of their own money. But in 2010 they laid off three of their 18 full-time employees. "It should have happened in 2009, but we let our hearts run the company instead of our billfolds," Lipps says. In Bartlesville, Mat Saddoris is feeling relatively more upbeat. Saddoris is the third-generation owner of United Linen, a restaurant-supply company that cut its workforce by more than 10 percent during the downturn's darkest days. Revenues are back up to pre-2008 levels, and United Linen is back to its pre-recession staffing of 135 employees. But will he take the risk of growing the company? "I talk to my customers and they're optimistic—to a point," he says. "They've all come back from the pits, if you will, and things have been getting better in the past six or seven months. " But, he says, "I don't think they're ready to announce that things have turned around. "
1. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we know that Raymond Arth
A.is fairly optimistic about the economic recovery.
B.sold his products well in the first half of the year.
C.never knows when his business will stop making a profit.
D.is very cautious about the present economic situation.
A B C D
D
第一段最后一句提到,Raymond Arth说他是guardedly optimistic,并且说他的行为全部表现为这个词组的第一部分,这里所谓的the first half of the that phrase当然指guardedly,这个词的意思是“谨慎地,有保留地”。也就是说,虽然他表面上很乐观,但行动上却非常谨慎,因为他不完全相信经济已经复苏。
2. Why are NFIB's reports more reliable as an index of job market?
A.Because they are made by non-governmental agencies.
B.Because the Labor Department's report has exaggerated the situation.
C.Because small businesses contribute more to the job market.
D.Because economic development has taken a new direction.
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] The take-up of EVs—which run entirely on electricity stored in rechargeable batteries—is seen as central to the plan to cut the transport sector's carbon emissions, both here and across the European Union. It is predicted that we will be running a total of 800,000 EVs in Britain by 2020, and as a result the race to install a recharging infrastructure is well under way. Transport for London (TfL) recently announced it will have 1,300 EV charging points in London by 2013—more than the current number of petrol stations in the capital. The London mayor, Boris Johnson, is on the record as saying he wants to make the city the electric car capital of Europe. [B] However, the power companies, sensing a good business opportunity, are now vying to sign up electric car-owning households with the offer of cheaper and faster off-peak home charging that will cut the time it takes to recharge the vehicle—freeing it to make more journeys, and making them more attractive to buyers. So far, EDF, British Gas, and most recently npower have said they will be targeting EV users with special home services as well as cheaper tariffs for recharging vehicles. [C] What would make you consider buying an electric car? They offer a green way to get around, with the chance to bypass petrol stations. And they are exempt from road tax and London's congestion charge. Energy company npower (英国电力公司) this week revealed that 33% of UK drivers would think about buying an electric vehicle (EV) in the next five years, rising to 41% when the benefits were explained. [D] But despite the introduction in January of a generous £ 5,000 government purchase grant to encourage more people to take the plunge, it's fair to say that sales of electrically powered cars in the UK are yet to really take off. Just over 500 people took the government up on its offer in the first quarter of this year. Their high prices—typically about £ 25,000 after the grant—plus a lack of models by major carmakers and a shortage of charging points, have held back sales. However, the last two points are about to change. [E] Speaking in Berlin last week, npower's head of e-mobility, Phil Evans, told Guardian Money that the company sees EVs as a major opportunity, and as a result it is working on building an "upgradable" charging infrastructure that will develop as the cars' power systems become more sophisticated. [F] Potential buyers now have a choice of seven models in the UK, with 13 more on the way, while EDF Energy (英国电网), British Gas and npower have recently announced plans to start offering to install faster and cheaper charging points in customers' homes, in a move they hope will help kick-start sales. The companies are banking on the fact that buyers of the latest, more consumer-friendly electric cars, such as the Nissan Leaf, are going to boost demand for electricity. [G] Plans are also under way to increase the number of charging points at a variety of locations across the UK—and soon it will be possible for homeowners to upgrade their garages to allow faster, safer home charging. Until recently, most owners of plug-in-to-recharge electric cars have had to rely on the traditional three-point household plug, and wait about eight hours to fully recharge their vehicle at home.
上段[F]后面讲了英国的公司增加充电站点的计划和措施,希望能帮助推动电动汽车的销售,它们希望购买这些最新的、更便于消费者使用的电动汽车的购买者将会推进人们对电能的需求。根据复现及首尾衔接原则,发现[A]第一句开头的“the take-up of EVs”是紧接上一段末尾的话题,而其末尾的both here and across the European Union(无论在英国还是整个欧盟)表示了与上段的衔接,因为上段是在讲英国,而此处的here即指代英国。由此[A]是此题正确答案。
4.
[G]
上一段后半部分主要讲到了伦敦:伦敦交通局(TfL)最近宣称,到2013年将会建成1300个电动汽车充电站点——远远超过了首都现在的加油站的数量。伦敦市长Boris Johnson也曾公开说过,他想将伦敦打造成为欧洲的电动汽车之都。而[G]中开头的plans是承接上段尾的话题,而此句中的also和across the UK与上段形成了意思和逻辑上的衔接,因此可判断[G]是此题正确答案。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) In the past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46)In January, President George Bush brushed aside the fact that America's entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. (47) In June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no longer the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht. That was followed in September by Sir Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had signed a deal with Mr. Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48) Now, in the dying days of the year, America's Congress has passed a bill that unravels a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what terms. (49) The bill also allows passengers to fly, on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London. The official line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richard's latest venture is modestly named, is that this coming change in the law makes no practical difference to the firm's plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some sort of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgin's headquarters in London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock-up of the interior of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50) Virgin has already committed $20m towards licensing the SpaceShipOne technology from Mr. Rutan and his financial backer Paul Allen, a software billionaire.
1. Directions:You got sick just two weeks before the final examination and were sent to hospital. One doctor treated you very well and you recovered soon. Write a letter of appreciation to the doctor (Ms. Green). You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
[精彩范文] Dear Ms Green, I am writing to express my thanks to you for the many kindnesses you showed me when I was in hospital. I got sick just two weeks before the final examination. I was so worried that I couldn't take part in the examination. It was you that me to face the illness bravely. So I recovered soon and got good results in my final examination. If it had not been for your timely assistance, I'm afraid I couldn't pass the exam. Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming
1. Directions: Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following photo. In your essay, you should 1) describe the photo briefly, speculating about what she is thinking of, 2) state different views on part time jobs, and 3) give your own comment. You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
[参考样文] Part-time jobs are now the norm for China's students. As the picture shows, a part-time tutor advertises her service on a street in X city. I think she seems to hold that part-time jobs are no longer only for the students from poor families and that they have become part of normal college life. People differ in their opinions on part-time jobs. Some believe that college students take part-time jobs because they are financially stressed. In their eyes, part-time jobs help students support themselves, alleviating the burden of their parents. Others maintain that part-time jobs have become fashionable in Beijing's universities and the trend may well go national. This reflects a new social phenomenon that college students are eager to go out of their campus to experience what work will bring to them. Still others assert that part-time jobs will interfere with students' normal academic work. According to them, the first thing students should do is to do well at college. In my opinion, I'm firmly standing on the side of those who are inclined to take part-time jobs. I believe that limited part-time work gives students a good opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge to social practice.