Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions : Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation' s youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young people 1 from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors 2 marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which 3 student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. 4 young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs are 5 new popularity among young people. Ritalin, 6 as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to 7 hyperactive children, has become a 8 drug on college campuses. A central nervous system 9 , Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as a 10 tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. 11 taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly 12 . Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an 13 of Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committed 14 in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive 15 for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, 16 younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers, 17 they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump 18 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994,and all teens reported substantial increases in 19 drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a 20 with a drinking problem.
1.
A.aged
B.aging
C.age
D.ages
A B C D
A
[解析] 动词搭配。aged表示“年龄在……”,作表语;aged from…to…意为“年龄在……之间”,如:Our classmates are aged from 19 to 22 years old.(我们同学的年龄在19岁到22岁之间)。
Part A Directions : Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 It may not have generated much interest outside energy and investment circles, but a recent comment by Tidewater, Inc. president Dean Taylor sent earthquakes through the New Orleans business community. In June, Taylor told the Houston Chronicle that the international marine services company--the world' s largest operator of ships serving the offshore oil industry--was seriously considering moving its headquarters, along with scores of administrative jobs, from the Crescent City to Houston. "We have a lot of sympathy for the city," Taylor said. "But our shareholders don' t pay us to have sympathy. They pay us to have results for them. " It was the last thing the hurricane-scarred city needed to hear. Tidewater was founded here a little more than 50 years ago, and kept its main office in New Orleans throughout the oil bust of the 1980s and the following decades of industry consolidation, when dozens of energy firms all but abandoned New Orleans for greener pastures on the Texas coast. In the nearly two years since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the city, the pace of exodus has accelerated, complicating New Orleans' halting recovery; according to the local business weekly CityBusiness, the metropolitan area has lost 12 of the 23 publicly traded companies headquartered here, taking white-collar jobs, corporate community support and sorely needed taxpayers with them--and threatening to leave the city even more dependent on a tourism-based economy than it was before the storm. Making matters worse, some observers say, is the city leadership' s apparent indifference to the bloodletting. Just weeks after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, Mayor Ray Nagin, then in the very early stages of a heated reelection bid, dismissed warnings that many companies, like displaced residents, might opt to relocate. Nagin said he hoped they would stay. "But if they don' t, "he said with typical glibness, " I'll send them a postcard. " The comment might have been written off as one of Nagin' s many verbal missteps. But in the months that followed, the warnings turned out in many cases to be true, even as the city' s rebuilding effort languished, infrastructure repairs limped along, the state reimbursement program for damaged homes faltered and the New Orleans' infamous crime rate made a sickening comeback. New Orleans " wasn' t considered a great city for doing business before the storm. People were always dribbling out, " says Peter Ricchiuti, a professor of economics at Tulane University. While many of the companies that made it through the storm could stand to benefit from the city' s recovery, he says, Katrina may have hastened the loss of high-paying energy jobs. "We' re losing the white-collar jobs and keeping the blue-collar jobs," he says. "We' re becoming much more of a blue-collar oil industry. " One of the latest examples is Chevron Corp., which is building new offices in the northern suburbs, 40 miles north of the city across Lake Pontchartrain, and plans to transfer 550 employees from New Orleans to Covington by the end of the year. That would take well- paid people out of downtown New Orleans, a move that will impact the central business district' s economy. "We made the decision in May, 2006, when our employees were making important housing decisions," says Qi Wilson, a Chevron spokesperson. The company, like many employees, decided the north shore offered better security should another hurricane strike, along with fewer of the post-Katrina headaches that still plague the city. The move "will make it easier to retain the talent we have, and to attract new talent," Wilson says.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
A.Dean Taylor is also famous outside energy and investment circles.
B.shareholders are not paid to have sympathy.
C.many companies are planning to move their offices into New Orleans.
D.shareholders are more concerned with performance.
Text 2 Sleep is a funny thing. We' re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke--probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly. Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn' t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person' s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don' t think twice about operating without enough sleep. "I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymousanecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours, "one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound. " "Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a convenience store on the roadside, going [105kin/h]. " "Your own patients have become the enemy," writes a third," because they are the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep. " Agrawal' s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State's regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes "doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government. " The U. S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you' re worried about the people treating you, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A.In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleeps beyond the limit will probably not be in good health.
B.In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriously.
C.Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.
D.The U. S. government has already restricted the doctors' working hours.
A B C D
C
[解析] 判断题。问题要求通读全文进而对四个选项进行判断。选项[A]、[B]、[D]均可从文中找到相关信息,只有选项[C]Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means(很多医生同意应该通过强制的方法来解决问题)与文章倒数第二段第一句中的resist such interference相矛盾。故选择[C]。
2. In the last paragraph, the expression".., patients are on their own" most probably means
A.patients are alone when they are in hospital.
B.patients will try their luck on their doctors' health.
C.patients will have some problems related to them, rather than other people.
D.patients will make their decisions for themselves.
A B C D
B
[解析] 含义题。该部分出现在文章最后一段第二句中,理解该句之前和之后的句子意思是解题的关键。之前一句说美国政府已强制飞行员和卡车司机保证睡眠时间,其实作者在暗示这样做是安全的保障。而后在第二句用了一个重要的语标词表示强转折,因此可以判断“…patients are on their own”并非褒义表达。第三句的大意是:如果你在意那些对你实行手术的人的身体状况,你应大胆地询问他们的睡眠时间。此句暗示患者不敢轻易相信医生,据此判断“on one's own”应是“依靠某人运气”的意思,继而判断选项[B]是正确选项。
3. On Jaya Agrawal' s website, what are the common responses to the doctors' sleep problems?
A.Most people insisted that the problems have nothing to do with the interests of the majority of people.
B.People who posted their opinions on the website thought the results of the problems would be too horribly to think.
C.The internet-surfers believed that the government should regulate some laws to limit the doctors' working hours.
D.People advocated that the problems could merely be solved by the doctors' conscience.
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。通过题干部分的。Jaya Agrawal's website将思考范围限定在文章的第四段,作者在此举了三个例子反映了网友的一些看法和主张。三个例子之前的句子Some are terrifying.(其中一些的确令人毛骨悚然)已经暗示了网友的普遍反应是恐怖,令人难以置信的。由此判断选项[B]是正确选项。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that
A.the U. S. legislators are alarmed about sleep-deprived doctors.
B.the doctors should sleep much more than the ordinary people.
C.the U. S. government as well as many ordinary people never pays enough attention to the problems.
D.at the very beginning, the doctors insist that their sleep problems will lead to serious consequences.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理题。选项[A]是正确选项,所涉及的内容可以通过文章倒数第三段找到相应表述。
5. Who is well aware of the consequences of the doctors' sleep problem and runs a website to raise the common people' s awareness?
A.The University of Buffalo.
B.Jaya Agrawal.
C.Dr. Charles Binkley.
D.John Conyers Jr.
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。通过题干中的关键词the doctors' sleep problem(医生的睡眠问题)和run a website(创办网站)将范围选定在文章第四段,而此段的主角是Jaya Agrawal,因此正确选项是[B]。
Text 3 Some oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it into rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people ,though, aren't so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad idea. When oil burns, it doesn' t just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people burn so much oil, there' s too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the" greenhouse gases" that is causing the Earth' s temperature to rise. Environmentalists say that the oil companies' plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won' t seep into the air. They also point out that there' s no way to check to make sure the gas isn' t leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs money--for research and for equipment--that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else. Another problem, say some people who are concerned about the Earth, is that if the oil companies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won' t look for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil. They argue that continuing to use oil means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead of producing our own cheap, clean energy. Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil companies pump carbon dioxide into the rocks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that no one knows if this plan--even if it works--might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future. The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable way to deal with it. They point out that there is a lot of room in the Earth for this extra gas, and that putting carbon dioxide inside the Earth means that the gas won't be in the air, and if it' s not in the air, it won' t make the Earth warmer.
1. According to the passage, oil results in air pollution because
A.it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.
B.it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.
C.it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.
Text 4 Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business. Even the best- designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavors of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-laden products. The results are apparent on a walk down any American street--more than 60% of Americans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity. Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign has taken one of the more successful public-health campaigns--the Food Guide Pyramid--and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America' s Department of Agriculture caved in to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect their products. The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of grains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products, meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous program, which was centered on the idea of four basic food groups. The" Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up half of a healthy diet, with grains ,fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries. The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understandable way. The new pyramid, called" My Pyramid", abandons the effort to provide this information. Instead, it has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multi-colored vertical stripes which, in some versions, rise out of a cartoon jumble of foods that look like the aftermath of a riot at a grocery store. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, sex and activity level, and get a custom-designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is fine for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information. Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States' Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back of a cereal box. And they had to do this in the face of pressure from dozens of special interest groups--from the country' s Potato Board, which thought potatoes would look nice in the picture, to the Mmond Board of California, which felt the same way about almonds. Even the National Watermelon Promotion Board and the California Avocado Commission were eager to see their products recognized. Nevertheless ,many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. Mthough officials insist industry pressure had nothing to do with the eventual design, some critics suspect that political influence was at work. On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid--a big success in the world of public-health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice.
1. "Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business" can be easily proved by the fact that
A.public-health campaigns cannot compete with tempting flavors.
B.snack-food and fast-food industries are flourishing in the US.
C.most food in America are profoundly rich in fat and sugar.
D.fat people account for a large proportion of American population.
Part B Directions : The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] As a science, management entails the use of organized knowledge. Many of the things managers do are a result of information obtained through formal research and study. One area in which a great deal has been done is quantitative decision making or, as it is known today, management science. We know that by using certain mathematical formulas we can control inventory and project demand more accurately than by merely using trial and error. [B] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure. [C] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B. All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other. [D] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter. [E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people? In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager' s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. By performing well in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people. [F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right? In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training. [G] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. Objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled. In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command. As a result, management is both a science and an art.
[解析] [C]选项正好讲management is also an art,和[A]段一起解释说明[G]段结尾句的内容。而[C]选项中所包含的also使它理所当然地排在了[A]的后面。
4.
F
[解析] [F]选项中在开头提到A战略,那么必然上文刚刚讲过A和B战略,所以排在[C]选项后。
5.
D
[解析] [D]选项开头句又一次做了总结,而且也是唯一剩下的段落,因此就只能放在这里。
Part C Directions : Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans (波多黎各人 ) in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether the commentator is North American or Puerto Rican. Many North American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. (46) Such a " socio demographic" approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. (47) Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority. In contrast, the "colonialist" approach of island based writers such as Eduardo Seda- Bonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Luis Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of national culture in an unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a strong tradition of cultural accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Rico's commonwealth status share the same universalizing orientation. (48) But the Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advocating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the submission of colonial nationalities. This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history. They pose the clash of national cultures as an absolute polarity, with each culture understood as static and undifferentiated. (49) Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies, forces that may move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere "assimilation. " Consider, for example, the indigenous and Afro-Caribbean traditions in Puerto Rican culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. (50) The elements of compulsion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework play no role in this kind of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same social class.
The elements of compulsion and inequality, so central to cultural contact
强迫与不平等的因素,对于文化交流如此重要
according to the colonialist framework
按照殖民主义者的观念
play no role in this kind of convergence
在这种趋同过程中并不起任何作用
of racially and ethnically different elements of the same social class
同一社会阶层内不同的民族与种族因素的
·so central to…修饰之前的elements,既可前置翻译也可在后插入翻译,可译作“对于……如此重要”。 ·句子主干为elements play no role,可译作“因素并不起任何作用”。 [词汇释义] ·framework框架,观点 ·convergence趋同
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: Zhang Li is a classmate of yours. He suffered from a serious illness. Write a letter to 1) call on the students to help Zhang Li and 2) tell them how to help Zhang Li. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don' t have to write the address.
My Dear Fellow Students, I felt grieved to inform that Zhang Li, our best friend, has suffered from a serious disease and is now staying in hospital. Our friend is in great need of financial assistance to continue his medical treatment. So I am here to call for your helping hand. Our brother is in a bad health, and every cent from your pocket is important for his life. Your assistance in this matter will be greatly appreciated. If you want to be a donor, please register your name as soon as possible. Mr. Zhao will be in charge of the matter, and he is available in his dorm room. Thank you again for your sympathy, understanding and assistance. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions : The chart below shows the changes of consumer index in a certain country from 1930 to 1980. Study the chart carefully and write an essay of 160-200 words to 1) describe the trend of consumption as revealed in the chart, 2) explain the possible reason underlining this trend, and 3) give your comment. You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.
Indicated above is a graph that shows the changes of consumer index in a certain country from 1930 to 1980. According to the survey, in spite of fluctuation, the price index was on the rise. In 1930, it was merely 25 points. Years later, however, it hit a record of 125 points in 1980. Obviously, certain dramatic changes have taken place in this country in the past years. What brought about these changes? Personally, I believe that two reasons can account for the changes. First, along with the economic growth, people' s living standards have been greatly improved. As a result, citizens are more willing to spend their money on clothes, food, or entertainment. Second, measures taken by government departments have encouraged people to consume, which partially contribute to the rise of price index. In a sense, the changeover in the price index has best illustrated the above-mentioned observation. On the basis of the analysis above, it is safe to conclude that certain encouraging changes have taken place in the pattern of consumption in that country. Still, as long as their economy is running on the right track, such a tendency will be going on in a more exciting direction.