Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Vienna was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. As the 1 of the Holy Roman Empire (which included parts of present-day Austria, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia), it was a 2 cultural and commercial center 3 a cosmopolitan character. Its population of almost 250,000 (in 1800) made Vienna the fourth largest city in Europe. All three 4 masters were born elsewhere, but they were 5 to Vienna to study and to seek 6 . In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became close friends and influenced each other's musical 7 . Beethoven traveled to Vienna at sixteen to play for Mozart; at twenty-two, he returned to study with Haydn. Aristocrats from all over the Empire spent the winter in Vienna, sometimes bringing their private 8 . Music was an important part of court life, and a good orchestra was a 9 of prestige. Many of the nobility were excellent musicians. Much music was heard in 10 concerts where aristocrats and wealthy commoners played 11 professional musicians. Mozart and Beethoven often earned money by performing in these intimate concerts. The nobility 12 hired servants who could 13 as musicians. An advertisement in the Vienna Gazette of 1789 14 : " Wanted, for a house of the gentry, a manservant who knows how to play the violin well. " In Vienna there was also 15 music, light and popular in 16 . Small street bands of wind and string players played at garden parties or under the windows of people 17 to throw 18 money. Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment 19 , 20 they called divertimentos or serenades. Vienna's great love of music and its enthusiastic demand for new works made it the chosen city of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
1.
A.seat
B.setting
C.settlement
D.sitting
A B C D
A
[解析] 形近词辨析题。seat意为“所在地;中心,场所”,例如:The seat of government in the U. S. is in Washington D. C. 原文意为:神圣罗马帝国的中心,故选项[A]seat正确。选项[B]setting意为“背景,环境”,例如:a beautiful setting for a picnic。选项[C]settlement意为“解决;清偿;殖民地的开拓”,例如:When did the settlement of Carolina begin? 选项[D]sitting意为“就座;开庭(会)”,例如:during the long sittings(在冗长的开会期间)。
[解析] 词汇辨识题。draw意为“吸引;拖,拉”,往往指一种不像pull那样急促用力而较从容的动作,有诸多引申用法,例如:The play is drawing big crowds. (那出戏吸引了大量观众)。再如:May I draw your attention to the question? 原文意为:三位古典主义大师都被吸引到了维也纳,只有选项[A]drawn正确。选项[B]pull意为“拖,拉”,强调用力,但不强调力的大小、方向、结果,词义较广泛,不够具体;选项[C]chosen和[D]drew不符合题意和语法。
6.
A.admission
B.acknowledgement
C.recognition
D.appraisal
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。recognition意为“承认,认可”,例如:Recognition of the new state is unlikely. 原句意为:三位大师到维也纳的目的是学习和寻求认可,故选项[C]recognition正确。选项[A]admission意为“入学,入场;入会许可;门票”,例如:Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only. 选项[B]acknowledgement意为“公开承认”,多指承认先前不愿承认的、令人为难的或不为人们所知的事实,例如:the acknowledgement of a mistake; 选项[D]appraisal意为“估计;估价;评价”,例如:We undegake regular job appraisal. 全句可译为:三位著名的古典主义大师都出生在别的城市,但他们都被吸引到维也纳来学习并寻求认可。
7.
A.style
B.genre
C.theme
D.emotion
A B C D
A
[解析] 词义辨析题。style尤指某一艺术家的特殊风格。空格处需填入一个由each other's限制修饰的名词,可见应是“个人风格”,故选项[A]style正确。选项[B]genre意为“类型”,尤指文学、艺术、音乐的类型,例如:What genre does the book fall into—comedy or tragedy? 选项[C]theme意为“主题,题目”;选项[D]emotion意为“情绪,感情”。全句可译为:在维也纳,海顿和莫扎特成为好朋友并互相影响着彼此的音乐风格。
[解析] 语义搭配题。alongside意为“在…旁边,与…并肩”,此句意为:贵族、富人以及专业音乐家一起演奏,故选项[B]alongside正确。选项[A]along意为“沿着”,例如:along the road; 选项[C]among和[D]between意为“在…之中”。
12.
A.likely
B.presumably
C.frequently
D.considerably
A B C D
C
[解析] 语义搭配题。frequently意为“经常地”。根据句子结构,此处需要一个副词,前面提到Much music was heard in private concerts…, 可见富人对仆人的需要应是频繁的,故选项[C]frequently符合题意。选项[A]likely是形容词,意为“可能的”;选项[B]presumably意为“推测地,也许地”;选项[D]considerably意为“非常,相当地”,指程度。
13.
A.double
B.both
C.either
D.neither
A B C D
A
[解析] 语法题。double可作动词,意为“身兼两职”,例如:double in the parts of king and slave (兼演国王和奴隶)。从原句结构来看,这是一个定语从句且缺少谓语,放选项[A]double正确。其他选项均不可作动词,故排除。全句可译为:贵族们经常雇用能兼作乐师的仆人。
[解析] 词义辨析题。tone意为“音调,音色;腔调”,例如:in ringing tones;根据文章内容:室外音乐是轻快且通俗的调子,故选项[B]tone正确。选项[A]tune意为“旋律”,例如:Do you know the tune to this song? 选项[C]voice意为“嗓音”;选项[D]hue意为“色度,色调”,例如:The diamond shone with every hue under the sun.
[解析] 根据文义:街头乐队在窗下演奏,上面的人有可能扔下钱来,故选项[D]down正确,throw down意为“扔下”。选项[A](throw)off意为“摆脱某人/某事,除去”;例如:throw off a cold;选项[B](throw)away意为“抛弃,丢掉”,指因愚蠢或疏忽而失去,例如:throw away an advantage;选项[C](throw)about意为“散布;乱抛”,例如:Don't throw about waste paper in the park.
19.
A.music
B.melody
C.pieces
D.series
A B C D
C
[解析] 词义辨析题。pieces意为“(艺术品、音乐等的)篇、幅、首等”。文中指海顿、莫扎特写了许多室外音乐,故选项[C]pieces正确。选项[A]music意为“音乐”;选项[B]melody意为“旋律,歌曲”,不能与句中的many连用;选项[D]series总为“连贯的东西、事件、系列”,例如:a television series(一部电视连续剧)。
20.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
A B C D
B
[解析] 语法题。which引导非限定性定语从句修饰句中的outdoor entertainment pieces。全句可译为:海顿和莫扎特写了许多室外音乐曲子,他们称这些曲子为嬉游曲或小夜曲。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Human relations have commanded people's attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. " Intuitive " knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still " know " how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us: we would still " know " when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the " whys " of much of the self's behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that " people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology. " Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.
1. Which of the following claims of the passage supports the author's argument that " psychology holds a unique position among the sciences " (Line 4-5, Para.1)?
A.The study of common sense in the physical sciences is relatively advanced.
B.The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.
C.Psychology plays an important role in modem science and technology.
D.Intuitive understanding of human behaviors can be clear and precise.
A B C D
D
[解析] 例证题。首段末句“For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences " 中 " this reason”指的是上句所说的“…the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great”(但令人惊讶的是,人们一眼就能理解非常复杂的情感和行为),可知D项正确。A项:与第二段首句中“…whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitive”意思不符。B项:虽然在首段第三句中提到“Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident”,但是,它是although让步从句的内容,是和主句“the complexity…is surprisingly great”含义相对立的,因此不能用来支持心理学有其独特地位的观点。C项:文中并没有说心理学的地位比其他学科重要,况且在第二段还提到没有心理学知识,人们也能很好地处理人际关系。
2. According to the passage, which of the following could be safely drawn about the people who lived before the coming of scientific psychology?
A.They think much of investigating of interpersonal relationship.
B.Knowledge of the physical science was not very attractive for them.
C.They pay much attention to correctly handle human relationship.
D.Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Intuition couldn't explain the motive of one's behavior.
B.Scientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject.
C.The scientific method is difficult to apply to psychology.
D.Some believe that the obvious deserves no scientific study.
A B C D
D
[解析] 是非判断题。最后一段第四句提出,某些人认为人际关系学之所以发展慢,是因为没有动力驱使人们这么做,人们为什么要对显而易见的问题进行研究呢?可见他们认为对显而易见的问题是不需要科学研究的,故D项正确。A项:第二段第五句提到直觉甚至能解释人的行为的原因,即解释行为的动机。B项:最后一段首句提到“…the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop”,既然发展得最晚,怎能谈得上是最先进的呢? C项:文中末句谈到在人际关系领域,科研成果比较少,但这并不能说明科学方法难以应用到这方面。
Text 2 Despite decades of scientific research, no one yet knows how much damage human activity is doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a whole host of environmental problems, ranging from global warning to ozone depletion. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet. Currently, an estimated 50,000 species become extinct every year. If this carries on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to be profound, says Dr. Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. " All species depend in some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects of other extinctions. " Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warning and ozone depletion—which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions—preserving biodiversity remains an intractable problem. The latest idea is " sustainable management " , which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence. For instance, instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, there is a sustainable management project elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them—or allowing others to poach them—because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for.Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great-bio-diversity such as the world's tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants—allow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations to do this. Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more—an increase that consumers, no matter how " green " , are unlikely to pay. For these reasons, sustainable management of tropical forests is unlikely to become widespread in the near future. This is disheartening news. It's estimated these forests contain anything from 50 to 90 percent of all animal and plant species on Earth. In one study of a five-square-kilometer area of rain forest in Peru, for instance, scientists counted 1,300 species of butterfly and 600 species of bird. In the entire continental United States, only 400 species of butterfly and 700 species of bird have been recorded. Scientist Professor Norman Myers sees this situation as a gigantic " experiment we're conducting with our planet " . " We don't know what the outcome will be. If we make a mess of it, we can't move to another planet…It's a case of one planet, one experiment. "
1. What damage do we know for sure is human activity doing to the environment?
A.Global warming and ozone depletion.
B.Species extinction and corruption
C.Sustainable management.
D.A gigantic experiment we're conducting with Earth.
3. What is NOT true about the idea of sustainable management?
A.It bans any form of hunting and logging to protect plants and animals.
B.It allows humans to cut plants and kill animals for economic benefits.
C.It ensures the survival of each species by leaving enough individuals alive.
D.It encourages humans to protect species from extinction for economic gain.
A B C D
A
[解析] 是非判断题。定位至第四段可持续管理的定义:“The latest idea is ' sustainable management ' , which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence.”选项B、C、D都符合,只有选项A和原文表达的意思相反。
4. What factors might NOT affect the practicality of sustainable management?
A.Whether there is corruption in the government.
B.Whether there are corresponding regulations.
C.Whether produced goods have attractive prices.
D.Whether people are aware of the danger that the earth will be destroyed.
A B C D
D
[解析] 是非判断题。A项:对应原文“With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. ”; B项:对应原文“But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations to do this.”选项C:对应原文“Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more—an increase that consumers, no matter how ' green' , are unlikely to pay.”所以选项D是正确答案。
5. Why is sustainable management of tropical forests unlikely to be used in the near future?
A.Because tropical forests contain a majority of animal and plant species on Earth.
B.Because we have to wait until the experiment in Peru and the U. S. is finished.
C.Because we have no idea about its effect, and if it fails, our planet will be destroyed.
D.Because besides tropical forests, other areas such as the U. S. also have biodiversity.
Text 3 If you are anything like me, you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought, there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old actors. Meet Deborah Rhode, a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race. In a provocative new book, The Beauty Bias, Rhode lays out the case for an America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowed.That means Hooters can't fire its servers for being too heavy, as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 132 pounds. Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America, discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race, sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and disability. Rhode cites research to prove her point: 11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predisposed toward obesity. College students tell surveyors they'd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler, drug user, or a shoplifter than one who is obese. And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery. Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks, and says it's no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency. And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification, there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds. It's not just American men who like things this way. The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants. To put it another way, appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs that most of us—perhaps especially women—perpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women. This doesn't mean we shouldn't work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance. But it may mean recognizing that the law won't stop us from discriminating against the overweight, the aging, and the imperfect, so long as it's the quality we all hate most in ourselves.
1. Which of the following is the best description of the author's emotions after watching Sex and the City 2?
4. It is very hard to establish a law against appearance discrimination because______.
A.American people regard beauty as a very valuable and desirable quality
B.cocktail waitresses want to be competitive and earn more money
C.American women like participating in beauty pageants
D.such a law will harm the American economy
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。根据题干中的It is very hard to establish a law against appearance discrimination定位到原文第五段第一句And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. (而无法将相貌歧视视为不合法的主要问题在于美国人确实很喜欢辣妹。)再结合下文直至文章结尾对相貌歧视深层原因的分析,可以得出正确答案是A。
5. What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
A.American people, both men and women, need to be good-looking for their careers' sake.
B.Film directors should start using ordinary-looking middle-aged actresses to help change the beauty bias.
C.American people need to change their attitudes toward the appearance of themselves to change the beauty bias.
D.If people really hate themselves for being fat or ugly, they will be against a law stopping appearance discrimination.
Text 4 School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it; many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers. As a result, parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American's youth. In a survey of a middle-income Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug and alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol, but only 8 percent thought their children used drug. Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic—a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use. Why the concentration on marijuana? Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids. According to a National High School Survey, 44 percent of U. S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years, and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers. There was a close-related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men. Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 100 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine, four percent to heroin. But of those who had smoked pot at least 1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin. Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey's statistics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavily. Since virtually all over the country teenage " partying " has come to mean " getting smashed and getting stoned " on anything from pot to pills to hashish, LSD, and alcohol, some parent groups home in on the partying aspect. Parents Who Care (PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk sessions with their children and learned that most of their children had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high. The parents' solution: workshops showing kids how to give successful drug-and-alcohol-free parties. Says Margery Ranch, PWC director, " We've seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable saying no. "
1. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that______.
A.society pays little attention to drug use among teenagers
B.drug-abuse has become a common problem among teenagers
Part B Directions: You are going to read a text about multinational corporations, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-G for each numbered subheading (41-45). There are two extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Today there is widespread agreement that multinational corporations will have an important effect on international relations and world economy. But there is little agreement on exactly what that effect will be. There are two groups of those who see them as benevolent and those who see them as evil. Among those who see multinational corporations as benevolent, many emphasize their importance in helping reduce the gap between rich countries and poor ones. These business giants are referred to as " engines of development " , because it is claimed that they do more to improve the economic life in less developed countries than all governmental foreign aid programs have ever done. By setting up factories abroad, they provide jobs; by equipping these factories with the latest machines and equipment, they make available the most modern technology. 41)______. In fact, they do better on their own. It may have been necessary in the mid-nineteen century for Admiral Perry to threaten the Japanese with naval bombardment if they did not allow western countries to trade with them. Such threats would make no sense today. 42)______. The leaders of multinational corporations see patriotism as old-fashioned, the nation-state obsolete, and war in pursuit of national glory downright foolish. They believe that the multinational corporation is " a modern concept evolved to meet the requirements of modem age " , while the nation-state is " still rooted in archaic concepts unsympathetic to the need of our complex world. " 43)______. " I think, " an official of General Electric once said, " getting General Electric everywhere in the world is the biggest thing we can do for world peace. " These proponents of the multinational corporations come by and large from the business world. There are, however, many critics among academic students of multinational corporations who regard them as a sinister force. They have produced detailed studies to prove that the benefits of multinational corporations are mostly illusory. To the claim that multinational corporations provide jobs, they point out that this is at the cost of jobs in other countries. To the claim that multinational corporations transfer technology, they reply: a) often the equipment shipped overseas is out of date; b) their technology is often unsuitable for many of the less developed countries where labor is plentiful and therefore cheap. 44)______. Therefore, they maintain that instead of being the " engines of development " , the multinational corporations are actually " engines of impoverishment " . These critics do not deny that consumption of the products of these corporations has risen in countries around the world. 45)______. Therefore, although these corporations may breakdown national frontiers they strengthen class distinctions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor, creating greater social injustice and instability. [A] The long, expensive American war in Vietnam did not bring new opportunities in Southeast Asia for the multinational corporations. The decision of the Nixon administration to improve relations with China was more profitable to them. [B] The fact that both American teenagers and Mexican peasants are drinking Coca Cola does not mean that the life of the Mexican peasants is getting better due to the multinational corporations. [C] They therefore characterize themselves as hard-headed people who are helping to bring about a more co-operative system or world order by breaking down national, geographical, political, economic and ideological barriers. [D] One study actually showed that multinational corporations do not invest capital from wealthy countries, but prefer to finance their operations from the local economy. In other words, they are simply transferring wealth from poorer countries to richer ones. [E] According to these critics, states will soon realize that they have lost their control over issues such as taxation, employment and even the stability of their own currency. [F] But they point out that this so-called " Global Shopping Center " is available only to a very small portion of the local population. [G] Because goods are now produced within the less developed countries, there is less need for them to import from abroad, and their balance of payments will improve. Multinational corporations today do not need their countries to provide military force to open foreign countries to their investment, products and sales.
[解析] 本段仍然是列举跨国公司的益处。跨国公司的总裁们认为跨国公司是满足现代人们需要的一种新观念。选项C的意思是他们顽强实干,通过打破国家、地理、政治、经济和意识形态的界限,帮助建立了一个更加合作化的体系或世界秩序。根据上下文中的“nation-state”(单一民族国家)、“patriotism”(爱国主义)和“getting General Electric everywhere in the world”(把通用电气公司送到世界各地),不难看出C选项与上下文融为一体,故选C。
4.
D。
[解析] 从本段开始,作者列举对跨国公司持批评态度的人的观点。他们针对前文中提到的跨国公司带来有利影响的证据逐一进行了反驳。此题的干扰项较多,B和E都是批评者的例证,但空白后的句子可以提供有用的线索,“therefore”一词表明前后有因果关系,“therefore”引出的句子意为跨国公司并非“engines of development”(发展的动力),而是“engines of impoverishment”(贫困的动力),D项说实际上跨国公司把贫困国家的财富转移到了富裕国家,恰是下文的原因,故选D。
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move. The smart car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn, change lanes, speed up, slow down or pass another car. If the driver's intended action could lead to an accident,the car will activate a warning system or override the move. (46) " BY shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver's behavior, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people's needs , " New Scientist magazine said. Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan. (47)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in predicting a driver's 12 seconds in advance. (48)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub-actions which include preparatory moves. It monitors the driver's behavior patterns to predict the next move. " To make its predictions, Nissan's smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel, accelerator and brake to monitor a person's driving patterns. (49)A brief training session, in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers, allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two-second time segments, " the magazine said. Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior. (50)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.
[解析] 句子框架是“By shifting the emphasis…and looking more…, the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people's needs,”。此句的主干是the developers believe that…,宾语从句中cars又跟有that引导的定语从句;前面介词by引导的由and连接的并列动名词构成方式状语;adapt to意为“适应”。
2.
[参考译文] 用模拟驾驶装置对智能汽车的测试表明,提前12秒预测驾驶员动作的准确性达到95%。
[解析] 句子框架是Tests…have shown that it is 95 percent accurate in…。此句的主干包含了一个宾语从句:Tests…have shown that…。using a driving simulator是现在分词短语作定语,修饰smart car。that宾语从句中的介词in表示“在…方面”。move在这里作名词,in advance翻译为“提前”。
[解析] 句子框架是The system is based on driving behavior which…can be divided into chains of sub-actions which…。此句的主干是简单句:The system is based on driving behavior,但后面有两个which引导的定语从句,第一个修饰driving behavior,第二个修饰sub-actions;the researchers say是插入成分。chains of翻译为“一系列”。
[解析] 句子框架是He said the smart car could be adapted to…movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move。这句中首先包含了一个宾语从句:He said (that)…;宾语部分里又含有which引导的定语从句;when引导的从句作介词of的宾语;be about to do表示“将要做…”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: Suppose you are a college student and you intend to work part time during your vacation. Write a covering letter In your letter, you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for, your experience and your hobbies, etc. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address.
[范文] Dear Sir/Madam, I wish to apply for the position for a part-time assistant during the coming summer vacation. I am a student of ×× University, and I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job. I have a fair mastery of English, Japanese and French. As for experience, I worked part time as a waiter in a pizza hut. Therefore, I am confident that you will find my service satisfactory. Incidentally, could you please inform me of the rate of payment? I hope you will take my application into consideration favorably and entitle me to an interview at your convenience. I am looking forward to your reply and eventually, meeting you. Yours sincerely, LiMing
[解析] [模板(训练目标:申请信)] Dear Sir or Madam, I wish to apply for the position for ①__________. I am a student of ②__________, and I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job. I have a fair mastery of ③__________. As for experience, ④__________. Therefore, I am confident that ⑤__________. Incidentally, could you please inform me of ⑥__________? I hope ⑦__________. I am looking forward to your reply and eventually, meeting you. Yours sincerely, LiMing ①点明申请职位 ②介绍自己学历 ③知识能力 ④经历介绍 ⑤表达信心 ⑥询问相关信息 ⑦表达希望
Part B
1. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain the intended meaning, give a specific example, and 3) give your suggestion as to the best way to communicate. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
交流就像桥,可以变沟壑为通涂
[范文] As is symbolically depicted in this picture, it is like a bridge that bridges various gaps to be a road. Since the world is becoming more and more diversified, communication plays an increasingly important role and is perhaps the only effective approach to disputes. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is profound. It is generally accepted today that communication, rather than fight, is the optimal way to settle conflicts and bring harmony to the world. The significance of communication is verified not only by nations at war, business opponents, but also by people bearing different thoughts, behaviors and customs. One of the most frequently heard complaints today is that there are so many differences between the old and the young generations that they always fail to understand each other and many disputes arise accordingly. Always rebellious, young people are seemingly turning to be rather odd while their parents are quite embarrassed, or even unbearable to see all these offbeat behaviors. Children may deem parents to be conserved while parents may come to the conclusion that the young are getting wild. Actually, if they call communicate effectively, parents will understand that young people are not mad but merely seeking for an identity in this colorful world and young people will reconsider their behavior and accept reasonable suggestions from their parents. Communication is really powerful. But the power lies in understanding others and acknowledging their differences. The best way to communicate is to learn to be a little more tolerant and treat difference as variety instead of discord and rebellion. Remember: where there is communication, there is a way.
[解析] [模板] As is symbolically depicted in this picture, it is ①__________. Since the world is becoming more and more diversified, communication plays an increasingly important role and is perhaps the only effective approach to disputes. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is profound. It is generally accepted today that communication ②__________. The significance of communication is ③__________. Communication is really powerful. But the power lies in ④__________. The best way to communicate is ⑤__________. ①描述图片 ②揭示寓意 ③举例证明 ④指出交流的关键 ⑤提出有效交流的最佳方案