Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. On April 20,2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries 1 themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits 2 10 percent of the previous years government 3 ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help 4 macroeconomic policies; and 5 up a common central bank. Their declaration 6 that, " Member States 7 the need 8 strong political commitment and 9 to 10 all such national policies 11 would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. " The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to 12 broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 13 institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. 14 independence, 15 , these currency boards were 16 , with the 17 of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to 18 inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 19 in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20 .
1.
A.committed
B.devoted
C.adjusted
D.attributed
A B C D
A
[解析] 搭配辨析题。commit oneself to意为“承诺,答应负责”,如:He has committed himself to support her family. 根据原文内容:六国打算减少央行的财政预算赤字,并作出承诺,故选项[A]committed正确。选项[B]devote (oneself to)意为“献身于,致力于”;选项[C]adjust (oneself to)意为“使…适应”,如:He adjusted himself quickly to the heat of the country选项[D]attribute (to)意为“归因于”,如:He attributed his success to hard work/working hard.
2.
A.by
B.to
C.with
D.until
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义搭配题。reduce…to意为“减少到…”,例如:The great fire reduced the forest to a few trees. (大火把整片森林烧得只剩下几棵树。)根据下文的reducing budget deficits to 4 percent可知,选项[B]to正确。选项[A]by与reduce连用,意为“减少了…”,例如:reduce one's weight by 5 pounds(减重5磅);选项[C]with和[D]until均不与reduce连用。
[解析] 词汇辨识题。coordinate意为“使协调”,如:to coordinate ideas/efforts,根据句子的意思:各国承诺建立一个联合委员会以帮助协调宏观经济政策,故[A]coordinate最符合题意。选项[B]draft意为“草拟”,如:to draft a speech;选坝[C]ordinate是coordinate的近形词,它是名词,意为“纵坐标”,不符合题意;选项[D]compromise意为“和解,妥协”,例如:to compromise over the hard-fought text(就…达成协议);to compromise with conscience(出卖良心)。
5.
A.building
B.setting
C.founding
D.erecting
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义搭配题。set up意为“建立,设置”,多为组织机构,可与句中的central bank连用。选项[A]build (up)意为“建造;逐渐获得”,如:to build up your vocabulary(丰富你的词汇);选项[C]found意为“建立,组建”,属及物动词,不能与up适用;选项[D]erect意为“建直,树立”,所建东西具有一定高度,不能与up连用,如:They plan to erect an apartment house on that property. (他们准备在那块地上建造一座公寓楼。)全句可译为:组建一个联合委员会帮助调控宏观经济政策;组建一家共同中央银行。
[解析] 语义搭配题。need for sth. 意为“缺乏,需要某事物”,例如:There's no need for such a new law. (新法律没有必要。)故选项[A]正确。
9.
A.commence
B.undertake
C.initiate
D.try
A B C D
B
[解析] 搭配辨析题。undertake to do sth. 意为“答应,担任某事”,如:She undertook to finish the task by Friday. 根据原文:成员国答应寻求一切有利于地区货币一体化进程的国家政策,故选项[B]undertake符合题意。选项[A]commence意为“(正式)开始”,例如:Unfortunately, he commenced speaking before all the guests had finished eating. 选项[C]initiate意为“开始,着手(计划等)”,如:Who initiated the violence? (谁制造了混乱?)选项[D]try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”。
[解析] 语义搭配题。accompany意为“伴随”,如:Lightning usually accompanies thunder. (通常雷声随着闪电而来?)根据原句的意思:建立货币统一组织的目标…打算与更广泛的…一体化进程一起完成,故选项[A]accompany正确。选项[B]enforce意为“执行,实施”,如:It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits. (警方想实施限速并不总是那么容易的。)选项[C]execute意为“实现,执行”,例如:Now that we have approved, we may execute the scheme as previously agreed. (既然我们都同意,那我们就可以着手进行我们先前所订的计划了。)选项[D]compel意为“迫使”。
13.
A.separate
B.common
C.several
D.public
A B C D
B
[解析] 语义复现题。结合句子上下文,由前一段出现的a common central bank可知,一体化进程中应包括共同机构的设立,故选项[B]common正确,意为“共同的”。其他选项:[A]separate,[C]several和[D]public均不符合题意。全句可译为:长久以来,建立一个货币统一组织就是西非国家经济共同体的一个目标,它最早可以追溯到1975年该组织成立的时候,人们希望这个目标能伴随更广泛的一体化进程一起实现,这一进程应包括加强地区贸易和共同机构的协作。
14.
A.Towards
B.From
C.By
D.On
A B C D
D
[解析] 语法题。on相当于at the time of意为“在…时”, on independence即“在独立时”,故选项[D]on符合题意。选项[A]towards指方向,选项[B]from意为“从…起”,[C]by意为“在…之前”,均不符合题意。
[解析] 词汇辨识题。dissolve意为“分解,结束(正式的组织)”,例如:The society was dissolved due to lack of members. (因会员不足,该协会解散了。)原文句中主语为currency boards(货币委员会),应是正式组织,故其解散用选项[D]dissolved。选项[A]dispel意为“驱散,清除(恐惧、疑惑或错误的想法)”,如:I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours. (我想以澄清一些谣言作为我讲话的开始。)选项[B]discharge意为“排出;解雇;允许离开”,例如:Patients were discharged from hospital because the beds were needed by other people. (病人被允许离开医院,因为有其他人需要病床。)选项[C]dismiss意为“解雇,撤职;正式地命令离开”,例如:dismiss the class。
17.
A.consideration
B.intention
C.exception
D.regard
A B C D
C
[解析] 语法题。根据原文the CFA Franc zone是唯一未被解散的组织,故选项[C]exception正确,with the exception of意为“除…之外”。选项[A] (with the) consideration (of)意为“考虑到”;选项[B] (with the) intention (of)意为“怀有……目的”;选项[D](with) regard (to)意为“ 关于”,不与of连用。全句可译为:不过,在这些国家独立时,除了非洲金融共同体法郎区这一组织(该组织包括这一地区说法语的国家),这些货币委员会都被解散了。
18.
A.date
B.deter
C.hinder
D.delay
A B C D
A
[解析] 语义搭配题。date作动词时意为“加日期于…,记下…的日期”,例如:He dated the arrival of each new bird. (他记下每只新鸟到达的时间。)原文前半句出现advance the agenda of…cooperation,后半句提及political problem and other economic priorities对进程的影响,两句之间是转折关系,此处需一个与时间、日期有关的词,故选项[A]date(给已经受阻的进程加日期),强调进程不可能被提前,符合题意。选项[B]deter意为“障碍,使人停止的”,相当于prevent/discourse sb. from doing. 如:High prices are deterring a lot of new couples from buying houses. 选项[C]hinder意为“阻挠,妨碍”,相当于limit,如:Broken water pipes and gas leaks have hindered firefighters in their efforts. 选项[D]delay意为“延迟”。全句可译为:虽然人们已经为促进西非国家经济共同体内的货币合作做出了努力,但是该地区几个国家的政治问题以及别的需要优先考虑的经济问题影响了已经受阻的一体化进程。
19.
A.development
B.prosperity
C.integration
D.cooperation
A B C D
C
[解析] 词汇辨识题。integration意为“一体化”,意味着融合在一起,有时会作出生活、习惯或习俗上的调整。全文都在讨论一体化的内容,故选项[C](regional) integration(地区一体化)符合题意。选项[A]development意为“发展”;选项[B]prosperity意为“繁荣”;选项[D]cooperation意为“合作”,指为某一特定目的而在一起工作,例如:The company produces computers in cooperation with a German film. (这家公司与一家德国公司合作生产计算机。)
20.
A.refreshed
B.replace
C.restore
D.revived
A B C D
D
[解析] 词义辨析题。revive意为“复活;重新做”,文中谈到货币一体化进程被搁置已久,经过1999年尼日利亚的选举及其领导人的承诺,该计划可能重新实施,故选项[D]revived正确。[A]refreshed意为“给予新力量”,如:refresh sb. with a glass of wine(喝一杯酒提神)。[B]replace意为“代替,替换”;[C]restore意为“归还,复原”,如:restore borrowed books;restore confidence。全句可译为:虽然许多问题仍然存在,但是1999年尼日利亚的选举已经支持并巩固了最近的这次倡议。在这次选举中产生了一个民主政府,其领导人也承诺在该国——这一地区最大的经济体——实行地区性一体化。这给人们带来了希望:这项长期搁置的计划可以重现生机了。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 Sometimes it's just hard to choose. You're in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate. It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff-be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government's philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but. Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren't confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don't have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don't have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes. Choice wasn't supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in modem society. But it obviously isn't: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety. Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision-making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you of something you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers' remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.
1. The waiter mentioned in the first paragraph would agree that given a variety of choice______.
A.it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a meal
B.it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitation
C.it is difficult for his customer to expect quality food
D.it is possible to get to know his customer's partner
2. It is implied that it is the government's intention to______.
A.improve the quality of TV programs
B.try to offer greater choice over public service systems
C.make people realize that some lovers are interchangeable
D.encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。首先根据题干中的government's intention定位至文章第二段例数第二句,This thought is opposed…make us happy. 这句话中的This thought指的就是该段首句所说的“看起来我们似乎需要一些手段来保护自己,使自己免受从57种鲜有差别的物品中做选择时那种绝望感的困扰”。而政府的哲学则正好和这种想法相反,政府认为,在铁路、电力供应和教育方面提供更多的选择可以让我们快乐。选项A和D均属不相关信息,应排除;选项C太荒谬,凭常识就可以排除;正确答案是B选项,公共服务体系就是将原文中的铁路、电力供应和教育抽象化了。
3. We can infer that the author's attitude towards choice is that______.
A.the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoy
B.endless choice has only made us more miserable
C.it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choices
D.before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理题。题干要求从作者的态度出发,那么首先就应该搞清楚作者的态度。作者的态度在各段均有体现:第一段的主题句是“有的时候要做出选择就是如此困难”;第二段开头说“看起来我们似乎需要一些手段来保护自己,使自己免受从57种鲜有差别的物品中做选择时那种绝望感的困扰”,可见在作者看来做选择并不是能给人带来快乐的事;作者的态度在该段末句又得到了证实“就我的经验来看,这些东西根本没法让人快乐。”选项B与该句意思相同,是正确答案。原文they do anything but中but后面省略的部分就是make us happy。
4. From Barry Schwartz's book, The Paradox of Choice, we can get recommendation tips on______.
A.how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitation
B.how to deal with your expense budget
C.how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunities
Text 2 Many things make people think artists are weird—the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists' only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling. Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his " Ode to Joy " . In 1962, novelist Anthony Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modem times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much happiness in the world today. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda—to pry our wallets from our pockets—they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus. " Celebrate! " commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack. What we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.
1. What is the strangest about artists?
A.They wear special clothes.
B.They rarely work in the daytime.
C.They mainly depict distressing things.
D.They are liable to take illegal drugs.
A B C D
C
[解析] 细节题。原文第一句话就说,很多事情致使人们觉得艺术家们怪诞诡异…然而最古怪的也许还是下面这个现象:他们唯一的工作就是探究各种情感,而他们所选择的探究重点却是那些令人不快的情感。这道题考查的其实就是考生对词汇lousy的理解,该词意为very painful or unpleasant“非常痛苦的或不愉快的”,因此,正确答案应该是C选项。
2. The example that " Ode to Joy " was used in Burgess's novel is meant to illustrate that______.
A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic taste
B.violent people have a strong desire to be happy
C.serious art is often contradictory with happiness
5. What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?
A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.
B.Happiness comes when everything dies.
C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.
D.Happiness is not a good thing.
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理题。文章末段提到,正如品酒影片《杯酒人生》告诉我们的那样,把葡萄汁变成黑比诺葡萄酒的恰恰是腐坏和死亡之物。这句话以as“正如”开头,和前面一句话应该是对等关系,其实就是sadness makes happiness deeper的比喻,说明快乐和痛苦的关系,与文章主题相扣。因此A选项是正确答案。
Text 3 In War Made Easy Norman Solomon demolishes the myth of all independent American press zealously guarding sacred values of free expression. Although strictly focusing on the shameless history of media cheerleading for the principal post World War' Ⅱ American wars, invasions, and interventions, he calls into question the entire concept of the press as some kind of institutional counterforce to government and corporate power. Many of the examples compiled in this impeccably documented historical review will be familiar to readers who follow the news on the Internet. But such examples achieve flesh impact because of the way Solomon has organized and analyzed them. Each chapter is devoted to a single warhawk argument ( " America Is a Fair and Noble Superpower, " " Opposing the War Means Siding with the Enemy, " "Our Soldiers Are Heroes, Theirs Are Inhuman " ), illustrated with historical examples from conflicts in the Dominican Republic, E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo, both Iraq wars, and others in which the media were almost universally enthusiastic accomplices. The book should really be subtitled " War reporting doesn't just suck, it kills. " It makes you feel like demanding a special war crimes tribunal for corporate media executives and owners who joined the roll-up to " shock and awe " as non-uniformed psywar ops. To be sure, this would raise the issue of whether or not following orders might suffice for the defense of obedient slaves such as Mary McGrory and Richard Cohen, who performed above and beyond the call of duty. " He persuaded me, " McGrory gushed the morning after Colin Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations on February 5,2003, declaring that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. " The cumulative effect was stunning." In the same Washington Post edition, Cohen wrote. The evidence he presented to the United Nations—some of it circumstantial, some of it absolutely bone-chilling in its detail—had to prove to anyone that Iraq not only hasn't accounted for its weapons of mass destruction but without a doubt still retains them. Only a fool could conclude otherwise. Solomon demonstrates how this kind of peppy prewar warm-up degenerates into drooling and heavy breathing once the killing begins. As if observing a heavy metal computer game, the pornographers of death concentrate on the exquisite craftsmanship and visual design of the murder machines, and the magnificence of the fiery explosions they produce.
1. What is a common misperception of American press?
A.It protects freedom of expression without reserve.
B.It concentrates on media support for the wars.
C.It discloses the shocking history of invasions.
D.It stands on the side of the government.
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题,问题是:对于美国新闻界有一个什么错误观念?文章首句说“诺曼·所罗门在一本名为War Made Easy的书中粉碎了…美国新闻界积极捍卫言论自由…的神话。”结合后面一句中的call into question可知,所罗门粉碎和质疑的应该就是人们对美国新闻界普遍存在的错误观念,因此A选项是正磅答案。
2. The author of this passage thinks War Made Easy is______.
A.questionable
B.controversial
C.well-proven
D.finely-polished
A B C D
C
[解析] 态度评价题。问的是作者对War Made Easy一书的态度。第二段开头两句话就是作者对这本书的评论,他说“这本引经据典的历史回顾中的许多例子对于那些一直在网上看新闻的读者来说并不陌生,但由于所罗门组织和分析这些例子的方式独特,从而令人耳目一新。”由此可见作者对于这本书持有肯定的态度。虽然D选项也是褒义的评论,但这种评论只是针对语言的,而本文从未对War Made Easy一书的语言本身进行评论。因此只有C是正确答案。
3. It can be implied that the conflicts in E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo______.
Text 4 Work looks a better cure for poverty than welfare Especially as fewer and fewer countries will be able to afford to pay potential workers to stay at home a Victorian idea is back in favour: many poor people are better off when they are pulled back into the labour market. The idea revived first in the United States. There, in its harshest form, the unemployed work in exchange for welfare. But countries with governments to the left of America's, including Labour Australia and Socialist France, are now also exploring ways to link income support and employment policy. Coming from different directions, the right and the left are gradually finding new common ground. For the right, it seems deplorable to encourage the poor to rely on the state for cash, because they get hooked on government help and accustomed to being poor. For the left, it seems deplorable to allow workers to drop out of the job market for long periods, because it makes it harder for them to find new jobs. For both, the answer is to get the poor to work. Most industrial countries have a two-tier system of social protection: a social-security scheme, where workers and their bosses make regular contributions in exchange for payments to workers when they are unemployed, sick or retired; and a safety-net, to give some income to those poor people who have exhausted their social insurance or who have none The former is usually not means-tested but, for the unemployed, is of limited duration; the latter is almost always tied to income The public tends to approve of contributory benefits, which is what designers of such schemes intended. Safety-net benefits carry no such sense of entitlement, and are less popular. Yet they have grown more rapidly in large part because the 1980-82 recession increased the number of people of working age who had exhausted their right to contributory benefits. And an increasing proportion of the poor are people for whom the contributory systems were never designed: the young and lone mothers. In consequence, payments which carry a clear entitlement have become less significant, compared with those which appear to depend purely on state charity. The rise in the bill for the unpopular kind of social protection comes at a time when governments want to curb state spending. It comes, too, at a time when many countries have done almost everything they can think of to protect the poor. A decade ago many on the left argued that poverty was usually caused by circumstances outside the control of the poor—a lack of jobs, disability, old age, racial discrimination, broken marriages. One way or another, governments have tried to tackle most of these problems. Still the poor remain.
1. The United States was the first country in modem times to______.
A.investigate ways of exploiting the talents of poor people
B.insist that recipients had to work to receive benefit
C.stop paying benefit to the unemployed
D.ignore the suffering of the unemployed
A B C D
B
[解析] 细节题。首段第三句提到“The idea was first revived in the United States”其中“The idea”指的正是前面所说的“Victorian idea”,也就是首句冒号后面的内容,即许多穷人因被拉回劳动力市场而日子好过起来。再联系首段第四句提到的“the unemployed work in exchange for welfare”可知美国强调的是人们要劳动才能获得福利。故B项“坚称人们必须劳动才能获得福利”正确。A项:作者并没有谈到美国研究如何利用穷人的才能,只是说要让穷人工作。C项:首段第四句指出在最苛刻的情况下,失业者要参加才能获得福利。也就是说,即使是在最苛刻的情况下,失业者只要劳动就能获得福利。D项:文章虽谈到失业者也必须劳动,但这并不代表忽视他们的痛苦。相反,美国政府正是为了解决失业问题才提出了这项政策
2. A safety-net benefit system is one______.
A.based on the recipient's prior contributions
B.of limited duration
C.that depends on state charity
D.that pays according to the claimant's social insurance
4. The general attitude of the public towards benefits is that______.
A.entitlement should depend on contributions
B.young people and lone mothers should receive them
C.charity should be a matter for the state
D.safety-net benefits are too expensive
A B C D
A
[解析] 细节题。由第三段末句“The public tends to approve of contributory benefits”可知,公众支持那种以贡献为基准的福利体系。而且第四段未句中“…payments which carry a clear entitlement…”指的正是这种以贡献为基准的福利,即公众认为要想拥有获得福利的权利,必须得有所贡献。故A项正确。B项:文中以年轻人和单身母亲的情况为例,说明越来越多的穷人不适用于保险金制度,这是“社会安全网”制度快速发展的原因。作者对这一事实的陈述仅此而已,并未提及公众对其态度如何。C项:公众支持的是以贡献为基准的福利体系,即人们参与贡献,然后在困难时得到救济。可见公众并没有把救济的责任只推给政府D选项的说法文章中没有提到。
5. Existing social security systems are increasingly expensive to operate because______.
A.more people have lost their jobs
B.many countries have done all they call for the poor
C.poverty has increased uncontrollably
D.more people are in the safety-net category
A B C D
D
[解析] 细节题。由第四段第二句“Yet they have grown more rapidly…And an increasing proportion of the poor are people for whom the contributory systems were never designed…”可知因为越来越多的穷人不适用于保险金制度,社会安全网制度发展得更快,而这种制度完全是一种没有个人贡献的政府救济,这势必会导致社会保障制度的运行代价越来越高。故D项“更多的人处于安全网覆盖的范围内”正确。A项:文中没有提到。B项:末段第二句提到,当国家为保护穷人竭尽所能的时候,通过社会安全网制度支出的费用却在增加。这只是为了说明政府控制贫穷的效果不好(从而为文章结尾的观点作铺垫),而不是为了说明社会保障系统代价越来越高的原因。C项:文中没有谈到贫穷人口的总数在增加。本项是对末段倒数第二句话中“…poverty was usually caused by circumstances outside the control of the poor…”的曲解。
Part B Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The second and the sixth paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes ill the long run or cuts to Medicare, Social Security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the levy " would enrich the heirs of America's millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet," the petition says. [B] About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the lax in his $1.6 trillion lax-cut proposal. Normally when " dozens " of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America's fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates Sr., a Seattle lawyer and father of America's richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates. [C] Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal. They also discuss something that's equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our Fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values And nowhere is this principle more reverend than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition all expression of meritocracy. [D] Buffett told the New York Times that repealing the estate tax would be a " terrible mistake " and the equivalent of " choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold medal winners in the 2000 Olympics. " [E] An old brokerage commercial says: " He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it. " There was a perfect parody of the ad in which tile line read: " He made his money the old-fashioned way: He inherited it. " In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit. want to help make the first one real. Let's hope this is only one step in that process. [F] It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush's proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already—in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people. [G] President Bush will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax cut plan, delivering a speech at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate tile so-called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan—which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33 percent—would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, the New York Times reported on Wednesday. Order: 41.______→B→42.______→43.______→44.______→D→45.______
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (46)At present it is generally accepted , although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on tile right way. (47)This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather Complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (48) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (49)We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. (50)The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in tile district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.
[解析] 句子框架是it is generally accepted, although…。主句中代词it代指前句内容it is no longer necessary that…this idea (有关这一主题的所有演讲或书籍不必用支持这一观念的证据开头了)。although引导让步状语从句,省略了主语和谓语,补充完整为although it is generally accepted more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely reasoned scientific proof。more…than…结构意为“不是…而是…;与其说…倒不如说…”。
[解析] 句子框架是The theoretical separation…has…resulted in…whereas there was…attention…。whereas连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句;far from home为形容词短语作后置定语修饰forms of recreation,相当于forms of recreation that are far from home;后一个并列分句为there be句型。disproportionate译为“不相称的,不适度的”;recreative possibilities译成“可能进行的娱乐”。
[解析] 句子框架是The urban environment has to offer…, and the design…has to be…。and引导两个并列句。and后的并列分句中such that…结构译为“如此以致…”;the design of these中these指代前而分句的recreation activities; obligatory意为“必须的,强制性的”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: You have promised to go to the cinema with one of your friends, Susan, For some reasons, you can't keep the appointment, but she has already bought the tickets. Write a letter to · express your apology, · explain your reasons, · suggest a meeting at another time. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use " Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address.
[范文] Dear Susan, Thank you for your invitation to see the latest Hollywood blockbuster this evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I can't go with you due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago. I caught a serious cold with a continuous fever last week and the doctor asked me to stay in bed for a week since I was very weak and it was so cold. Therefore, I can't keep the appointment. I feel really sorry for not meeting you at the cinema and the inconvenience it will bring to you. I hope we can arrange something else afterwards. If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant time with you. Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Yours sincerely, LiMing
[解析] [模板(训练目标:道歉信)] Dear Susan, Thank you for your invitation to ①__________. Unfortunately, it's much to my regret that ②__________. I ③__________. Therefore, I can't keep the appointment. I feel really sorry for ④__________. I hope ⑤__________. If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant time with you. Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Yours sincerely, LiMing ①感谢对方的邀请 ②说明拒绝的原因 ③说明具体原因 ④再次致歉 ⑤提出补救措施
Part B
1. Directions: You are required to write an essay on the topic Which Weighs More: School Brand or Major? You should write 160-200 words and base your essay on the outline and the picture below: 1) Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below. 2) Make a comparison in terms of: · the benefits of studying in a prestigious university. · the benefits of choosing a favorite major. · the drawbacks 3) Your preference. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
[范文] Which Weighs More: School Brand or Major Every choice means the possibility of gains or losses.It is also the case with the choice between a prestigious university and a favorite major. Surely, it is better to get both at the same time. But what decision will you make when you are not so lucky and that choice is necessary, just like the picture shows? Many people prefer to choose a prestigious university. They put greater value on the academic atmosphere, the good reputation, well-knitted curricula and advanced teaching approaches, which they can enjoy in a prestigious university. Besides, they think they can achieve more by competing with their excellent peers. Furthermore, a prestigious university can help improve their ability in an all-round way. But some people choose to study in a common university with a favorite major because they think their own interest, their special personality or their future career are more important. Moreover, by working hard, they still have chance to study in the postgraduate school of a prestigious university. However, both have their disadvantages. The lack of interest in their major may make the students depressed, while the poor academic atmosphere of a common university can quench students' enthusiasm. Supposing I have to make a choice, I claim that a school brand outweighs a major. For my part, a major, as knowledge, is not so important as the ability to acquire knowledge. Knowledge can become obsolete, while ability cannot. And a prestigious university call, more often than not, help improve a student in an all-round way. Furthermore, a graduate from such a university can always find himself protrusive and confident both psychologically and academically, so why not abandon the fish to fetch a bear's palm?
[解析] [模板] Which Weighs More: School Brand or Major Every choice means the possibility of gains or losses. ①__________, just like the picture shows? Many people prefer to ②__________. They put greater value on ③__________. But some people choose to ④__________. because ⑤__________. However, both have their disadvantages. ⑥__________, while ⑦__________. Supposing I have to make a choice, I claim that ⑧__________outweighs ⑧__________. For my part, ⑨__________. Furthermore, ⑩__________, so why not abandon the fish to fetch a bear's palm? ①说明图片 ②选择A ③选择A的理由 ④选择B ⑤选择B的理由 ⑥A的缺点 ⑦B的缺点 ⑧作出选择:A或B ⑨给出理由一 ⑩给出理由二