Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned 1 than it is about sadness. But it's usually 2 as sadness. Depression can 3 at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it's the United States' No. 1 4 problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior 5 change and she loses interest in activities she 6 enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What 7 depression? A 8 event can certainly bring 9 depression, but some will say it happens 10 a specific cause. So how do you know if you're just having a bad day 11 are really depressed? Depression affects your 12 , moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go 13 or are labeled 14 simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who's truly 15 depression will have 16 periods of crying spells, feelings of 17 (like not being able to change your situation) and 18 (like you'll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often 19 from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest 20 of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn't treated.
[解析] 选项B“once”(从前,曾经)与其前后部分结合在一起构成一个完整的定语从句,即“she once enjoyed”(她从前喜欢的),用来限定修饰其前面的名词“activities”(活动)。该句的主句所使用的是一般现在时,定语从句使用的是一般过去时,这一点已绛暗示出了本题的正确选项B“once”(从前,曾经)。考生在解题时要注意原文中时态和语态等语法现象所给出的暗示。
[解析] 选项B“without”(没有,无)与其前后的成分结合在一起构成“some will say it happens without a specific cause”(一些人会说抑郁症的发生没有特定的原因)。这句话与“but”一词前面的一句话形成对立对比关系。前面的一句话讲:有压力的事情能够产生抑郁症。考生在解题时要注意转折词前后的语意关系与表达形式。
[解析] 选项C“thoughts”(思想)在本句中借助于“and”与其后面的名词“moods, behavior, and your physical health”(情绪、行为、以及身体健康)结合在一起构成名词的并列平行结构。考生在解题时要注意识别并列平行结构,并且准确判断其中的语意关系。
13.
A.underestimated
B.unsettled
C.unexpected
D.unrecognized
A B C D
D
[解析] 选项D“unrecognized”(未被认识或注意到)与其前面的部分结合在一起构成“... often go unrecognized”(通常未被注意到)。这一部分借助于“or”与其后面的部分“are labeled as simply a bad case of the blues”构成了一个并列平行结构。“or”后面部分中的“simply”(简单地)一词暗示了“or”后面部分中所用的选项应该同样表达“缺乏深入理解和认识”之意,故选项D“unrecognized”(未认识到或未理解到)应为最佳选项。考生在解题时要注意并列平行结构,还要注意并列平行结构本身的语意关系。
[解析] 选项B“helplessness”(无助,无能)在原文中借助于“and”一词与其前后的“extended periods of crying spells”和“hopelessness”结合在一起构成名词的并列平行关系。空白处后面括号中的词语含义(即:“无法改变自已的状况”)暗示了本题的正确选项B“helplessness”(无助,无能)。考生在解题时要注意原文中的一些解释说明词语所提供的解题思路。
18.
A.vibration
B.vicinity
C.reservation
D.hopelessness
A B C D
D
[解析] 选项D“hopelessness”(无望)在原文中借助于“and”一词与其前面的“extended periods of crying spells”和“feelings of helplessness”结合在一起构成了一个名词的并列平行结构。空白处后面括号中的成分,即“you'll feel this way forever”(你觉得永远会这样下去),明确暗示本题的正确选项D“hopelessness”(无望)。考生在解题时要注意原文中的解释说明词语所提供的暗示。
[解析] 选项C“danger”(危险)一词与其前后成分结合起来构成一个完整的“主系表”结构,其含义是:“抑郁症最大的危险是自杀。”本题的正确选项C“danger”(危险)是通过全文最后一句中的“The risk of suicide”(自杀的危险)推导出来的。考生在解题时要注意上下句之间的语意联系。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1 "It is an evil influence on the youth of our country. " A politician condemning video gaming? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for "a silent epidemic of media desensitisation" and "stealing the innocence of our children". The gaming furore centers on "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas", a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the internet. The resulting outcry (mostly from Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused the game's rating in America to be changed from "mature", which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to "adults only", which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not stock it. As a result the game has been banned in Australia; and, this autumn, America's Federal Trade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gaming's opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry. Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at least as far as Socrates' objections to written texts, outlined in Plato's Phaedrus. Socrates worried that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would "create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves." (He also objected that a written version of a speech was no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text "always gives one unvarying answer". His objection, in short, was that books were not interactive. Perhaps Socrates would have thought more highly of video games.) Novels were once considered too low-brow for university literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be "intoxicating" and "depraved", and the music was outlawed in some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss was about. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and Satanism; but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums.
1. We can learn from the text that human beings have a history of______.
A.fascination for the academic establishment
B.enthusiasm for juvenile psychology
C.disbelief in the novel medium
D.hatred of political corruption
A B C D
C
[解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生准确识别和理解原文重要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源于第三段的首句,该句的大意是:“对新媒介物的置疑是一种有着深厚历史根源的传统……”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是C“disbelief in the novel medium”(置疑新的媒介物)。考生在阅读时一定要准确识别重要信息,例如本文第三段的主题句。
2. The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are______.
5. When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll, the author is suggesting
A.the mishaps of vogues
B.the misfortune of art masterpieces
C.the prospect of video games
D.the effects of various art forms
A B C D
C
[解析] 这是一道细节推导题,测试考生准确理解原文信息作用的能力。本题的答案信息在尾段。尾段一共四句话,作者在第一、二、四句中分别沦述了“小说”(novel)、“华尔兹音乐”(waltz music)以及“摇滚”(rock and roll)的今昔对比,即:昔日受指责,今日得到接受。作者在尾段的论述暗示:“电子游戏”(video games)正在重复着它们的历史。目前受指责的“电子游戏”一定会在未来被人们所接受。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是C“the prospect of video games”(电子游戏的未米)。考生在阅读时要重视相关信息与全文中心主旨的关联。
Text 2 "You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do," Montagu Norman, the Bank of England's longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed's much-respected chairman, due to retire next year—after a mere 18 years in the job—some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank's credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stock market bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates—as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources—encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting—the fad of the 1990s—is too crude.
1. The word "minutes" (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means______.
2. According to the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into account inflation targets______.
A.until what to do is clarified
B.until explicit inflation targets are declared
C.until increases in asset prices are curbed
D.until its efficiency is cast doubt on
A B C D
D
[解析] 这是一道细节题,测试考生识别和理解原文中币要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源于原文第二段的倒数第一、二句,这两句的大意是:“这听起来令人鼓舞。但是,美联储刚刚开始考虑这个想法,此时其他一些中央银行开始质疑精确的通货膨胀的目标是否的确起作用”。这表明美联储的动作晚了一步。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是D“until its efficiency is cast doubt on”(直到其效用被置疑)。考生在阅读时要善于捕捉转折词所引导出的重要信息内容。
3. We can learn from the third paragraph that______.
A.increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal Reserves
B.more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indices
C.changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation
D.inflation have been brought under federal control
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题是一道细节题,测试考生对原文中重点句子的理解和把握能力。本题的答案信息来源于第三段的末句,该句的大意是:“通货膨胀呈现出不同的形式”。由此句可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是C“changes have taken place in the pattern of inflation”(通货膨胀的形式发生了变化)。
4. It is implied in the fourth paragraph that Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of______.
A.the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulations
B.the intervention by central banks in asset prices
C.the prevention of economic recession
D.the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals
A B C D
B
[解析] 这是一道细节归纳推导题,测试考生对原文相关信息的归纳和推导能力。本题的答案信息在第四段,尤其是第一、二句。第一句话问:“中央银行是否应该抑制上述资产价格方面的增长?”第二句话回答:“格林斯潘先生继续坚持金融政策不应该被用来刺破资产价格的泡沫”。由此可以推断:格林斯潘不赞成中央银行用相关金融政策去干涉资产价格。故本题的正确选项应该是B“the invention by central banks in asset prices”(中央银行在资产价格方面的干涉)。考生在阅读时应注意对原文上下句之间语意关系的理解和把握。
5. Which of the followings would be the best title for the text?
A.American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered.
B.American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction.
C.Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment.
D.America's Monetary Policy Is off Target.
A B C D
D
[解析] 本题属于中心主旨题型,测试考生识别全文中心句和归纳全文中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源于首段尾句,该句是全文的中心主旨句,其大意是:“……美国中央银行美联储也许会采取一个可以产生适得其反的结果的措施”。这是控制原文全篇的灵魂句。全文的其他段落均是围绕此句进行的阐述。故本题的正确选项是D“America's Monetary Policy Is off Target”(美国的金融政策偏离目标)。考生在阅读时要重视识别和控制原文的中心主旨句,以免造成误解。
Text 3 It may be just as well for Oxford University's reputation that this week's meeting of Congregation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. That's because the vice-chancellor, the nearest thing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249; and a lot of the dons and colleges don't like it. The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problems—the difficulty of recruiting good dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some colleges—all spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most-hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons he knows how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of university administrators. Mr. Hood is right that the university's management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not go far enough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance; the more fundamental problem lies in its relationship with the government. That's why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radicalism, but these days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence. Oxford gets around £5,000 ($9,500) per undergraduate per year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only £1,150 (rising to £3,000 next year) on top of that. Since it probably costs at least £10,000 a year to teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a deficit of £4,000 or so per student to cover from its own funds. If Oxford declared independence, it would lose the £52m undergraduate subsidy at least. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. America's top universities charge around £20,000 per student per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross-subsidising. America's top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot and academic standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded.
1. According to the text, the author's attitude toward John Hood is one of______.
2. It is implied in the third paragraph that______.
A.reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford
B.an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently needed
C.the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily removed
D.the current row is essential to many in polite circle
A B C D
A
[解析] 这是一道细节归纳推导题,测试考生对原文重点语句的理解和归纳能力。本题的答案信息来源于第三段的第三句至尾句,尤其是尾句。第三段暗示:牛津大学的问题就是其与政府的关系,它的独立性问题是关键所在。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是A“reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford”(对官方资助的依赖导致了目前牛津大学的困境)。考生在阅读时要重视原文重点语句的含义,例如本文第三段的结论句(尾句)。
3. The term "bursaries" (Line 7, Paragraph 5) most probably means______.
A.preferential policies
B.scholarship or grant
C.free stationery and accommodation
D.sheltering and meals
A B C D
B
[解析] 这是一道词汇题,测试考生对原文词语的理解能力。全文尾段倒数第二句中的“bursaries”一词的含义是“奖学金”。故本题的正确选项应该是B“scholarship or grant”(奖学金)。考生如果不认识这个单词可以根据上下文进行合理的推断。
4. We can see from the available statistics that the______.
A.the current financial status of Oxford results from its being state-funded
B.radical reforms concentrate on Oxford management structure
C.Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good dons
D.notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week
A B C D
A
[解析] 这是一道细节归纳推导题,测试考生准确理解原文信息并进行归纳和推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源于第四段,该段着重阐述:牛津大学接受国家资助,接受国家资助的同时也受到了收取学费方面的限制,以至于资金入不敷出。由此可以推断:牛津大学的财政困难的根本在于其接受国家资助所带来的问题。故本题的正确选项是A“the current financial status of Oxford results from its being state-funded”(目前牛津大学金融状况来自于它受国家资助)。考生在阅读时应重视对原文因果关系的剖析,更要重视原文所提供数据的作用和功能。
5. To which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
A.The contribution from alumni won't lure ample donation by the wealthy.
B.The civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature.
C.The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point.
D.American's top universities are somewhat apprehensive of their current status but over-confident of their prospect.
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题既是一道中心主旨题,又是一道细节题,测试考生对原文中心主旨句的识别和正确理解能力。本题的答案信息来源于第三段的第一、二、三句。这三句话的大意是:“Hood先生坚持牛津大学的管理需要大检修是正确的。虽然他的建议对参与这场争论的人士而言似乎是极端的,但是他的建议并不足够极端。……更根本的问题在于牛津大学与政府的关系。”作者的言外之意是:虽然牛津大学目前的争议非常激烈,但是还未对准其根本问题(即:牛津与政府的关系问题)。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是C“The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point”(牛津大学进行的争论是激烈的,但是偏离了要点)。考生在阅读时要善于识别和理解原文的中心主旨句,这对理解全文和解题均十分重要。
Text 4 Elections often tell you more about what people are against than what they are for. So it is with the European ones that took place last week in all 25 European Union member countries. These elections, widely trumpeted as the world's biggest-ever multinational democratic vote, were fought for the most part as 25 separate national contests, which makes it tricky to pick out many common themes. But the strongest are undoubtedly negative. Europe's voters are angry and disillusioned—and they have demonstrated their anger and disillusion in three main ways. The most obvious was by abstaining. The average overall turnout was just over 45%, by some margin the lowest ever recorded for elections to the European Parliament. And that average disguises some big variations: Italy, for example, notched up over 70o//00, but Sweden managed only 37%. Most depressing of all, at least to believers in the European project, was the extremely low vote in many of the new member countries from central Europe, which accounted for the whole of the fall in turnout since 1999. In the biggest, Poland, only just over a fifth of the electorate turned out to vote. Only a year ago, central Europeans voted in large numbers to join the EU, which they did on May 1st. That they abstained in such large numbers in the European elections points to early disillusion with the European Union—as well as to a widespread feeling, shared in the old member countries as well, that the European Parliament does not matter. Disillusion with Europe was also a big factor in the second way in which voters protested, which was by supporting a ragbag of populist, nationalist and explicitly anti-EU parties. These ranged from the 16% who backed the UK Independence Party, whose declared policy is to withdraw from the EU and whose leaders see their mission as "wrecking" the European Parliament, to the 14% who voted for Sweden's Junelist, and the 27% of Poles who backed one of two anti-EU parties, the League of Catholic Families and Self-defense. These results have returned many more Eurosceptics and trouble-makers to the parliament, on some measures, over a quarter of the new MEPS will belong to the "awkward squad". That is not a bad thing, however, for it will make the parliament more representative of European public opinion. But it is the third target of European voters' ire that is perhaps the most immediately significant: the fact that, in many EU countries, old and new, they chose to vote heavily against their own governments. This anti-incumbent vote was strong almost everywhere, but it was most pronounced in Britain, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Sweden. The leaders of all the four biggest European Union countries, Tony Blair in Britain, Jacques Chirac in France, Gerhard Schroder in Germany and Silvio Berlusconi in Italy, were each given a bloody nose by their voters. The big question now is how Europe's leaders should respond to this. By a sublime (or terrible) coincidence, soon after the elections, and just as The Economist was going to press, they were gathering in Brussels for a crucial summit, at which they are due to agree a new constitutional treaty for the EU and to select a new president for the European Commission. Going into the meeting, most EU heads of government seemed determined to press ahead with this agenda regardless of the European elections—even though the atmosphere after the results may make it harder for them to strike deals.
1. The relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of text is that______.
A.a proposal is advanced in the first paragraph and then negated in the following paragraphs
B.an prophecy is revealed and then proved with concrete examples
C.a generalization is made in the first paragraph and then elaborated in the following paragraphs
D.a proposition is introduced in the first paragraph and then explained in details in the following paragraphs
A B C D
C
[解析] 本题属于中心主旨类型题,测试考生把握全文整体结构以及准确识别理解原文中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源于第一段的尾句和第二、三、四段的首句(段落主题句)。首段尾句讲:“欧洲的选民愤怒并且幻想破灭——他们已经用三种主要的方式来显示他们的愤怒和幻灭”。第二、三、四段分别阐述了三种主要的方式。由此判断本题的正确选项应该是C“a generalization is made in the first paragraph and then elaborated in the following paragraphs”(在第一段进行概述,然后在下面的段落洋细阐述)。考生在阅读时要注意把握全文的整体结构,这是准确理解原文的基础。
2. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the text?
A.EU member countries hold that the European Parliament is of importance.
B.The European Project is the worst vision of all.
C.EU member countries maintain that central Europe are gaining more common themes.
D.Anti-EU parties are never detrimental to the building-up of the European collaboration.
A B C D
A
[解析] 这是一道细节分析题,测试考生准确识别和理解原文复杂信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源于第二段的尾句,其大意是:“欧洲人在欧洲选举中大量弃权的事实显示对欧盟的幻灭,以及一种普遍的感觉,即:欧洲议会无关紧要。这种感觉也存在于老欧盟成员中”。由此可以推断:欧盟成员普遍认为欧洲议会不重要。故本题的正确选项应该是A“EU member countries hold that the European Parliament is of importance”(欧盟成员国认为欧洲议会不重要)。考生在阅读时要注意对细节的挖掘和归纳。
3. It is implied in the text that the departure of Eurosceptics and trouble-makers from the European Parliament______.
A.benefits the old member countries for the time being
B.fortifies the support of populist and nationalists
C.might oblige anti-EU parties to adopt a compromise resisted by the public
D.would hinder the full expression of European public feeling
A B C D
D
[解析] 这是一道细节推导题,测试考生识别原文相关信息并且进行适当逻辑推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源于第三段的倒数一、二句,这两句话的大意是:“这些结果选举更多的欧洲怀疑论者和麻烦制造者成为国会成员……。然而,这并不是一件坏事,因为这将使国会更代表欧洲公众的意见”。由此可以反推:欧洲怀疑论和麻烦制造者离开国会将有碍于欧洲公众情感的充分表达。故本题的止确选项应该是D“would hinder the full expression of European public feeling”(将阻碍欧洲公众情感的充分表达)。考生在阅读时要充分运用逆阳思维的能力。
4. The word "ire" (Line 1 Paragraph 4) most probably means______.
5. It is implied in the concluding paragraph that______.
A.European old member countries are poor and homogenous
B.Europe's leaders are bewildered by the crucial summit
C.Europe's politicians should heed their voters' dissatisfaction
D.European coincidences might emerge due to the economic stagnation
A B C D
C
[解析] 这是一道细节推导题,测试考生识别原文重点句子并且准确分析和理解的能力。本题的答案信息来源于尾段的第一句,其大意是:“目前最大的问题是欧洲的领导人如何对这种情况作出反应”。“这种情况”(this)涉及的是欧洲选民的愤怒和幻灭。由此可以引申推导:欧洲政府更应该注意欧洲选民的小满(即愤怒和幻灭)。故本题的正确选项应该是C“Europe's politicians should heed their voters' dissatisfaction”(欧洲政治家应该注意其选民的不满情绪)。考生在阅读时要重视原文中的重点句子(例如段落主题句和结论句),在回答问题时更要注意引申思维的运用。
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. While Americans have become ever more dependent upon electricity in their daily lives, a crucial part of the system that supports their way of life has not kept up. Yes, the country has built more power plants—enough to create a glut of power in most parts of the country. 1 ______. California's disastrous partial energy deregulation and the role played by Enron and other energy marketing companies in its power crisis have impeded changes in the national ability to deliver power. 2 ______. Moreover, the deficiency also includes inadequate coordination among the regions in managing the flow of electricity. These interregional weaknesses are so far the most plausible explanation for the blackout on Thursday. 3 ______. The problem is with the system of rules, organization, and oversight that governs the transmission networks. It was set up for a very different era and is now caught in a difficult transition. The transmission networks were built to serve a utility system based on regulated monopolies. In the old days, there was no competition for customers. Today, the mission is to connect buyers and sellers seeking the best deal, irrespective of political boundaries and local jurisdictions. 4 ______. Yet the power industry is probably not even halfway there in its shift from regulation to the marketplace. The California power crisis and the power-trading scandals sent regulators back to the drawing board, slowing the development of new institutions, rules and investment to make competitive markets work. 5 ______. [A] Over all, for more than a decade, the power industry has been struggling with how to move from the old regulation to the new marketplace. This shift was driven by the view that half a century of state regulation had produced power prices that were too high and too varied among states. Factories and jobs were migrating from states with high electric power prices to those With lower prices. [B] But the transmission system is caught in the middle of the stalled deregulation of the American electric power industry. [C] As a result, the development of the regional transmission organizations is erratic. More than one-third of the power transmitted is not under the control of regional transmission organizations. Some states fear that their cheap power would be sucked away to other markets; others do not want to subordinate state authority to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. [D] It was unclear when the waters would recede, never mind when life would return to normal. Power may not be restored for weeks. Looting, too. Began to spiral out of control. Mr. Nagin, who said the city might be uninhabitable for three months, was forced to order police to concentrate on stopping crime, not saving people. [E] What's preventing greater connection and coordination between regions? The technology exists, and is available; the economic benefits of relieving the bottlenecks between regions far exceeds the costs by many billions of dollars. [F] Yet, despite claims in the wake of last week's blackout that the nation has a "third world" power grid, the regional networks are first world. But in one critical aspect, the system has become increasingly vulnerable: in the interconnections among the different regions. Both the number and size of the wires on the borders between regions are inadequate for the rising flow of electricity. This missing part creates the worst bottlenecks in the system. [G] Since entering the overseas power market in 1993, KEPCO has established several achievements through its distinguished international business strategies to promote electric power development of the world. Based on its long experience and advanced technology gained over 100 years in Korea, KEPCO continues to build up its outstanding reputation as a leading utility company. Moreover, KEPCO embraces challenges and makes bold steps into wider markets in the world by its flair for dynamic activities, which is favorably received in the Philippines, China, Vietnam and Libya.
[解析] 本题考查段首句(主题句)和上一段尾句(结论句)之间的承上启下关系。本题上一段的尾句沦述“……放慢了(slowing)……的发展(development)”,故选项C是正确答案,因为该选项一开始就论述有关“发展(development)”的内容。在本题解题过程中,选项C句首的“As a result”所起的作用重大。
Part C Directions : Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Eric Hansen writes about travel as a participating enthusiast rather than a mere observer. (46) It gives these nine essays, based on his adventures over the past quartercentury, a resonance and psychological depth not usually seen in more routine travel narratives. (47) The reader follows wide-eyed from the armchair as Mr. Hansen journeys from the French Riviera to the South Pacific, India, the United States and Borneo. Each story combines nuanced portraits of memorable characters with lyrical descriptions of human fallibility and generosity. In his wildest tale, Mr. Hansen recounts his time working at a hotel on Thursday Island in the Torres Strait. (48) "Seldom," he writes, "does one have the chance to enjoy the company of people who have so completely given themselves over to the cultivation of the low life in such style and with such gusto." (49) Beyond the booze, broken glass and fist fights, the author learns the history of the island's pearl divers who, in canvas suits and lead-weighted shoes, snatch gold-lip pearl shells from a seabed teeming with sea snakes, giant groupers and saltwater crocodiles. Other stories tell of drinking hallucinogenic kava in Vanuatu; lingering on a beach with a beautiful Maldivian girl in a pleasurable pursuit that the locals call "night fishing"; cooking piroshki with a Moscow émigré in a tiny Manhattan apartment while drug dealers shoot each other in the lobby below; and watching the Indonesian crew of a becalmed tall ship dance on deck to country and western music. (50) The most moving story comes from Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), where the author's frustration at the impenetrable bureaucracy when trying to ship his belongings home is put into perspective by his voluntary work at Mother Theresa's home for the dying. Here he bathes, feeds and comforts the inhabitants of the men's ward, where the panic and despair of death are replaced by dignity and humour. This sensitive portrait alone makes this heartfelt collection a magical and uplifting read.
1. Directions: Write a poster to your schoolmates, informing them of a new book to be released. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
[范文] Dear Schoolmates, A ceremony of new book releasing is to be held in the auditorium of our library On the East Campus on January 23th, 2011. The activity is sponsored by Higher Education Press and the Students' Union of our university. The new book is entitled Low-corbon Life in China, which depicts the development of Low-carbon Life in China. The book gives a detailed description of the achievements which have been achieved since Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Besides, the book is illustrated with many colorful photos. Gore, former American president, will attend the ceremony and deliver a speech. Those who intend to come and join may register at the Students' Union office on the west campus. Yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions: Study the following photo carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the photo briefly, 2) interpret the meaning reflected by it, and 3) offer a relevant example. You should write 160-200 words. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
[范文] As it is vividly demonstrated in the photo above, several people are making their handprints on a banner of volunteers. Many people have already left their handprints or signed their names on the banner. What is conveyed in the photo is most meaningful and thought-provoking. The implied meaning of the photo can be interpreted in terms of contribution and social work. In the first place, the contribution spirit of volunteers is needed to build up a harmonious society. As a social being, each of us get help from other people every day. In return, we should cultivate a sense of selflessness. In our daily life, we should try our best to contribute our love and care to our society. What's more, our social work can not be separated from volunteers' participation. China, as a developing country, still has much to be done. The students in the poverty-stricken area need volunteers. The senior citizens and AIDS patients need volunteers. Our environmental protection needs volunteers. In short, each of us should possess the noble spirit of volunteers and our society needs selfless volunteers. Take Pu Cun-xi for example. Pu is a famous actor in China. Unlike other stars, he gives up many money-making opportunities. In his spare time, he actively takes part in volunteer work. In particular, he often sends his care and love to AIDS patients. He sets us a shining example. We should learn from him and become volunteers so as to build up a harmonious society and live in world of care and love.