Part A [Directions] For Questions 1—5, you will hear a talk about the concept of occupational crime. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only one word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.
Countries
Information about occupational crime
Ancient Egypt
The first law passed in the
(century)
1
Ancient Greece
Using concrete to build a temple instead of
2
Ancient Persia
Bakers who short-weighted bread were
executed
England
Henry I]I passed laws against
3
England
Adopting complex legal regulations (Year)
4
USA
The Sherman Antitrust Act (Year)
1890
For long time such crime has aroused public and official
5
1.
14th
2.
marble
3.
forestalling
4.
1812
5.
indignation
Part B [Directions] For Questions 6—10, you will hear a talk concerning Chinese immigrants. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below.
1. What made the new immigrants generally different from the "sojourners"?
the educational background
2. The Chinese mode of personal relations focuses on humaness, courtesy,
orderliness and personalism
3. When Chinese is heard in Chinatowns it may give people a______.
sense of intimacy
4. Chinatowns also work as forces for sustaining______.
the traditional culture
5. In Chinesetowns, the traditionists try to maintain______.
the social structure
Part C [Directions] For Questions 11—20, you will hear a free talk. While you listen, fill in one phrase or sentence in each of the blanks. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the text below. Some signals are probably common to all of us. If a public speaker (like a lecturer, for example) is all the time ridding with a pencil, or 1 while he is talking to you, he is telling you quite clearly that he is nervous. A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is 2 If you start wriggling in your chairs, 3 your watches or yawning behind your hands, I shall soon get the message that I'm boring you. And so on. I'm sure you could make a whole list of such signals—and it might be fun 4 All be signals I have mentioned 5 can be controlled. If you are aware that you are doing these things, you can stop. You can even learn to give false signals. Most public speakers are in fact nervous (they'd be pretty unimaginative if they weren't), but a good speaker learns to disguise this by giving off signals of confidence. Other kinds of NVC are not so easy to control. 6 , for instance. Unless you are confessing passionate love, you hardly ever look into someone else's eyes for very long. If you try it, you'll find they will soon look away, probably 7 . I've already mentioned proximity, so just a brief word now about our last two 8 , which concern the way people dress and the way they speak. These are both pretty obvious signals. People may dress casually and speak casually, which signals 9 .Or they can dress very formally and speak in a clipped manner, 10 .In fact, non-verbal communication can, as the saying goes, speak volumes.
1.
with his spectacles
2.
lacking in confidence
3.
looking secretly at
4.
if you did
5.
so far
6.
Eye contact
7.
in embarrassment
8.
categories
9.
that they are relaxed
10.
showing their tenseness
Part D [Directions] You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.
1. According to the speaker, the basis of British habits of politeness is______.
A.always to regard the politeness as a form without meaning
B.to regard privacy as the most important aspect of their life
C.to refuse others' offers automatically with great politeness
D.that one shows consideration for others and others acknowledge his kindness in a proper way
A B C D
D
从原文 British habits of politeness are based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others,and fitly acknowledging the consideration they show to you中可以推断[D]为正确答案。
2. Which of the following statements about the final game of the European Cup in 1985 is TRUE?
A.The match was held between England and Belgium.
B.More than 200 people were killed in the fight during the match.
C.It shows that British people are violent and cruel.
D.It was British fans who started the fight.
A B C D
D
根据原文 the British fans provoked an incident to the Italian fans and started a bloody fight 判断[D]为答案。
3. Which of the following evidence cannot support the speaker's argument that British people revere force in some areas?
A.The fact that they observe principles strictly.
B.The colonist empire they founded.
C.The bravery and courage they showed in wars.
D.The precious art works from other countries in the British Museum.
A B C D
A
英国人严格地执行原则是他们的绅士风度的一部分,与暴力无关。故[A]为正确答案。
4. Which of the following is NOT the university award mentioned in the passage?
A.Professionally oriented diploma.
B.Scholarship for those students who have excellent academic performance.
C.Master of Arts.
D.Bachelor of Science.
A B C D
B
在本文中提到的 awards 指的是大学授予的学位。Scholarship 奖学金不属于这一范畴。
5. BA or BS is given to those students who ______.
A.receive professional training after they get a Bachelor-level degree
B.complete one-year Diploma courses
C.complete three or four years' course work and examination
D.will do research work after they graduate
A B C D
C
BA 和 BS 为本科学位。通常授予完成三到四年学业并通过考试的学生。
6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about Master degree is NOT true?
A.They are not the first degree given by the university.
B.In the past one would only be awarded the degree after he completed a piece of research work.
C.It is possible to get the degree if one does only a quite small piece of research work.
D.It is possible to get an additional Master degree if one complete a small amount of course work and research.
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test [Directions] Read the following text. Choose the word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes magazine claims that 1 least fifty rock stars have 2 of between two million and six million dollars per year. Those who love rock music 3 about two billion dollars a year for records. They pay 150 million to see rock stars in 4 . Some observers think the customers are buying more that music. According to one 5 , rock music has a special 6 because .no real training is needed to produce it. There is no gulf 7 the audience and the performer. Every boy and girl in the audience 8 , "I could sing like that". 9 rock has become a new kind of religion, a new form of worship. Young people are 10 to pay to worship a rock star because it is a way of worshipping 11 How do the rock stars use their money? What do they do when the money starts 12 in like water? Most of the young stars simply throw the money 13 . Many 14 stars live like Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane. Those performers return from a 15 , pay their bills, and buy new toys. Then when they need money again, they do 16 tour. They save no money, buy no stocks, and live from 17 to mouth. In the end the rock star's life is 18 . After two or three years riches and fame are gone. Left with his memories and his tax problems, the 19 ex-performer spends his remaining years trying to impress strangers. New stars have arrived to take his 20
本题考查不定代词的用法。选项 several 和 few 两词后应接复数名词;other 后虽可接单数名词,但前面必须有the,any,some,肋,every或形容词性物主代词。所以, [A]、[B]、[D]均错,只有 another 一词才能直接与题空后单数名词 tour 连用。
17.
A.hand
B.mouth
C.foot
D.arm
A B C D
A
本题测试英语惯用法。from hand to mouth 为一习惯表达法,意为“均用现挣现吃;仅够糊口;毫无积蓄”,常与动词 live 连用,题空所在句的大意为:他们为过着做一日吃一日的生活。from mouth to mouth (口口相传,广泛流传)虽然也是一种习惯表达法,但和 live 连用显然不合逻辑。
本题是考查形容词在意思和用法上的区别。individual 意为“个人的”,“个别的”; single 意为“单一的”,“独身的”。这两个词用在题空处不合上下文逻辑。alone 意为“单独的”,只能用作表语,不能用作定语来修饰名词。所以,lonely (孤独的)最为合适。
20.
A.post
B.place
C.job
D.work
A B C D
B
本句的大意为:新歌星出现,取代了老歌星。Take sb's / sth's place (the place of...)的意思就是“代替…”。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage A [Directions] Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Passage 1 Japanese scientists are at last actively entering the debate over the government's controversial reform plan, which targets not only ailing government organizations but also some of Japan's best basic research institutes for conversion to agency status. This status would give them independence in management but require them to have their performance evaluated by external assessment bodies. This publication has long advocated giving greater autonomy and responsibility to the institutions administered by Japan's Ministry of Education and Science, including universities and the institutes for joint university use. An independent management system would allow increased flexibility in funding. Furthermore, without the restrictions imposed by the civil service law, researchers would be free to carry out entrepreneurial activities, such as setting up venture businesses and carrying out joint research with private companies. The government's reform plan moves in this direction but, as it stands, its flaws are far more obvious than its potential benefits. Opposition to reform of the universities has succeeded in delaying further changes until at least 2003, giving time for the fundamental reshaping required. Many fundamental steps need to be taken, such as implementation of a national external review system and of competent new administration, before universities will be ready for agency status. But other institutions would face more immediate problems if the current proposals are implemented. The reform plan, which is part of the government's drive to improve the country's administration across the board, has met strong opposition from the outset, with targeted institutes arguing against the government's claim that the changes are necessary to run them more efficiently. Such resistance is hardly surprising given the plan's rationalization targets and costcutting measures. The government has also made clear its intention to close down, merge or privatize institutes that fail to meet their performance-related targets. But, following compromises by the government with stronger ministries over its plan to reduce the number of civil servants by 25 percent, there is disproportionate pressure on research institutes to cut their costs. As a result, the National Research Institutes for Joint University Use are at risk; they are all renowned for the quality of their basic research. More thought must be given to decisions concerning such high-quality institutes, whose activities are ill-suited to targets based on cost performance. The government should create a separate agency plan for institutes carrying out basic research, so that appropriate evaluation systems and performance-related targets can be introduced, with goals and support established over periods of 5—10 years, reflecting the longterm character of fundamental research.
1. The passage is mainly discussing the fact that______.
A.the scientific community needs urgently to develop stronger advocacy
B.the requirements of basic research institutes must help the reform plan
C.the lack of communication between the government and the researchers
D.Japan is to create world-class "centres of excellence"
A B C D
B
本文的结论在最后一段,其大意为选项[B]的内容。
2. In Paragraph 2, "entrepreneurial" probably refers to______.
Passage 2 Cultural conflicts, such as those that trouble American society today, may sometimes appear to be less than serious squabbles between intellectuals who have nothing better to do. It is regrettably true, of course, that intellectuals have the tendency to think of themselves and their interests in grandiose terms; control of the English department, say, looks more important than control of the world's energy supplies. Yet culture is not a peripheral matter; culture is the way in which a society understands itself. A society that no longer understands itself will be unable to act coherently on and problems facing it, including those that may superficially seem remote from cultural issues. Every human society must achieve a measure of consensus concerning two fundamental questions; "Who are we?" and "How are we to live together?" Culture embodies the consensus as to how these questions are to be answered. This consensus will never be unanimous, but when it breaks-down in a massive way, the survival of the society is threatened. Both social philosophers and social scientists have long agreed that there can be no order in human affairs without such a consensus. Some analysts have argued that a modern society no longer needs this, that it can dispense with a common morality and can function on the basis of rational self-interest expressed in various contractual arrangements. Morality is then replaced by procedure. Such a society would resemble a gigantic traffic system. In modern urban traffic most people stop at red and go at green, not because they have deep moral convictions about this behavior, also not because they are afraid of the traffic police; rather, they do so because it is in their common interest. This very image suggests the weakness of a traffic-system notion of society: The average driver will obey the traffic laws in the normality course of events; he will break them in an emergency (say, he must get to a hospital quickly). By analogy, a "normal" society can function to some extent like a traffic system—and "normal" means a state of affairs when no grave external or internal perils exist. When such perils appear, however, the contractual regulation of the many interests is not enough; some moral claim to solidarity and sacrifice will become necessary. Otherwise the contractual procedures will break down: In an emergency everyone drives through a red light.
1. The word "squabbles" in Paragraph 1 probably refers to______.
A.academic discussions on related issues
B.debates on some big topics
C.quarrels about a small detail
D.personal remarks on issues concerned
A B C D
C
[解析] 意为“对于小事的争吵”,是该题答案。
2. The examples of the second paragraph may indicate that______.
A.a society seems like a crowded traffic system
B.there can be no order in human affairs
C.morality must be replaced by social procedure
D.human beings should strive for their diversity
A B C D
A
第二段中的实例表明:社会宛如一个复杂拥挤的交通系统。本段落最后一句为选 [A]的关键句。
3. By the last sentence of the passage the author means that
A.in the society rules must be observed anywhere
B.the society is based on the strengths of a traffic system
C.in any case everything arouses tow-sided comments
D.in any case the social regulations is not substantial
A B C D
D
本文最后一句意味着:在任何情况下,社会规则都是不完善的。[D]为答案。
4. It is inferred from the passage that
A.an underlying theme of the society is against American morality
B.the cultural situation in America today is determined by the past culture
C.a counter-culture has achieved dominance in the intelligent culture
D.the American culture is characterized by both normality and processes
5. Which of the following statement about the modern society is TRUE according to the passage?
A.There can never be a unanimous consensus concerning the identity of individuals or groups in a modern society.
B.A modern society is characterized by disorder, as there is no common morality and consensus.
C.In a modern society people obey rules mostly on the basis of their deep moral conviction.
D.A modern society needs no moral solidarity when it is threatened by grave internal or external perils.
A B C D
A
在文章第二段中提到不会有一种所有人都认同的对社会和个人的共同看法。
Passage 3 A number of articles have been published by psychologists in favor of their procession being permitted to prescribe psychotropic (治疗精神病的) medications. A review of studies surveying practitioners, though reveals that the majority of psychologists are opposed to the gaining of prescription privileges. Unless a major shift occurs in the attitudes of most psychologists on this issue, prescription privileges could cause divisions within the field, as well as a greater division between psychologists and other professions. There has been a growing interest in psychopharmacology (心理药物学) among a variety of subspecialties in psychology. Therefore, before psychologists become involved in prescribing. psychopharmacological agents, it is critical that licensure provisions be developed. According to psychologist Tom Kubiszyn, school psychologists, because of their training and setting, may be in a unique position to expand their competencies in the areas of pediatric medication and evaluation procedures, particularly with schoolchildren diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, Stephen DeMers of the University of Kentucky points out possible complications with school psychologists seeking greater involvement in psychopharmacology. School psychology programs provide much less training and experience in psychopathology and therapeutic interventions than clinical psychology programs do. Within the field of psychology, there are varying degrees of credentials, making it difficult for clients to identify competent practitioners. For instance, in psychology, the public may have difficulty understanding the difference between a Psy D, a Ph D, and an Ed D. Some psychologists have a master's degree, while others have earned certificates of advancement in areas such as drug and alcohol or family therapy. Currently, psychology licensing acts allow for the credentialing of all psychologists with a doctoral degree, regardless of whether the individual was trained as a practitioner. Perhaps the Psy D and Ph D need to betwo distinct degrees, whereby the Psy D is for practitioners and the Ph D is for researchers and academicians. The result would be different training in psychology for the two degrees. The absence of criteria identifying the practitioner is a serious impediment for professional psychology and must be resolved before granting psychologists the right to prescribe psychotropic medication.
1. The prescription privileges of psychologists is probably NOT the cause for______.
A.divisions within the psychological field
B.their overwhelming oppositions to the gaining of such a right
C.a greater division between psychologists and other professions
D.a greater unity between psychologists and other professions
A B C D
D
选[D]的关键句为第一段最后一句。
2. It is implied in the last paragraph that______.
A.prescribing the medication needs the identified criteria
B.the absence of the practitioners is a serious obstacle
C.the presence of more practitioners is a new problem
D.identifying the practitioner is of great importance
A B C D
A
选[A]的关键句为最后一段最后一句。
3. The best title for this passage might be______.
A.Diversity and Unity
B.Diversity versus Unity
C.Psychology in Diversity
D.Professional Diversities
A B C D
C
选[C]是以第一二段的大意“心理学呈现多元化趋势”为依据的。
4. "credentials" in the last paragraph refers to______.
A.professional techniques
B.qualified certificates
C.personal qualifications
D.substantial formal education
A B C D
B
合格证书是[B]含义。
5. Which of the following statement about the school psychologist is TRUE?
A.They are not competent in their treatment of schoolchildren because they haven't received proper training.
B.They have no proper credentials to justify their work in psychopharmacology.
C.Their involvement in psychopharmacology sometimes should be limited, as they are not as well trained and experienced as clinical psychologists do.
D.They should get a Psy. Degree before they are involved ii1 the psychological treatment of schoolchildren.
Passage 4 A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should swim three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War Ⅱ suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Now, in the book "Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food," the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been made to collect every possible piece of information which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings. Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction in evaluation of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to the receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation. Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli form the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof H.J. Eysenck on the "stimulus hunger" of extroverts and the "stimulus avoidance" of introverts.
1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to______.
A.introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food
B.show the connection between food and nationality of food
C.indicate that there are various ways to prepare food
D.impress upon the reader the food value of fish
A B C D
A
这篇短文是书评,引用波兰成语会使文章趣意盎然。所以,[A]为答案。
2. The reviewer's appraisal of "Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food" is one of______.
A.mixed feelings
B.indifference
C.high praise
D.faint praise
A B C D
D
文章作者肯定那本专著中的优点,同时也在第一段最后几句中提出了建议,这与选项[D]的含义一致。
3. The writer of the article does NOT express the view, either directly or by implication, that ______.
A.sharply defined classifications of taste are needed
B.more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food
C.food values are objectively determined by an expert "smeller"
D.temperature is an important factor in the value of food
A B C D
B
文章作者暗示专著需要改进方面,就是认识到心理学的成果,因而,选项[B]是第三段的大意内容。
4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because______.
A.deaf people are generally introversive
B.the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation
C.they are more fastidious in their choice of foods
D.All types of subjects should be used
A B C D
B
专著作家利用聋子作为心理受试,其原因为选项[B]的内容。
5. Which of the following statement concerning the system of classification in taste is TRUE?
A.The writer feels upset that there is no better system of classification than the familiar one of sweet, sour, bitter, salty。
B.Psychological perception of the taste is objective because no subjective judgement is involved.
C.It is extremely difficult to classify smell, as it's hard to make objective judgement on the stimulus.
D.The classification is subjective, for there is no relation between the perception and the stimulus.
A B C D
C
文章第二段中指出为嗅觉分类没有多大意义,因为嗅觉过于敏感。
Part IV English-Chinese Translation [Directions] Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. If one considers that Napoleon revealed his powers in 1796 at the age of twenty-seven, it is plain that nature endowed him extraordinarily. These talents he applied unceasingly through the whole length of his prodigious career. (71) Through them he marks out his way along a resplendent path in the military annals of humanity. He carries his victorious eagles from the Alps to the Pyramids, and from the banks of the Tagus to those of the Moskova, surpassing in their flight the conquests of Alexander, of Hannibal and of Caesar. Thus he remains the great leader, superior to all others in his prodigious genius, his need of activity, his nature, ardent to excess, which is always favorable to the profits of war but dangerous to the equilibrium of peace. Thus he lifts the art of war far above all known heights, but this carries him to regions of dizziness. (72) Identifying the greatness of the country with his own, he would rule the destinies of nations with arms, as if one could bring about the prosperity of the people from a succession of victories at grievous sacrifices. As if in a civilized world, moral right should not be greater than a power created entirely by force, however talented that force might be. (73) In attempting this Napoleon himself goes down, not for lack of genius, but because he attempted the impossible, because he undertook with a France exhausted in every way, to bend to his laws a Europe already instructed by its misfortunes, and soon entirely in arms. Decidedly, duty is common to all. (74) Higher than commanding armies victoriously, there is our country to be served for her good as she understands it; there is justice to be respected everywhere. Above war there is peace. Sire, sleep in peace; from the tomb itself you labor continually for France. At every danger to the country, our flags quiver at the passage of the Eagle. If our legions have returned victorious through the triumphal arch which you built, it is because the sword of Austerlitz marked out their direction, showing how to unite and lead the army that won the victory. Your masterly lessons, your determined labors, remain indefeasible examples. In studying them and meditating on them the art of war grows daily greater. (75) It is only in the reverently and thoughtfully gathered rays of your immortal glory that generations of the distant future shall succeed in grasping the science of combat and the management of armies for the sacred cause of the defense of the country.
Part V Writing [Directions] Titled: The New Revelations of Net Economy Time limit: 40 minutes Word limite: above zoo words
1. Outline: (1) 网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。 (2) 网络经济与传统经济的区别。 Your essay should be above 200 words. Remember to write this essay clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
The New Revelations of Net Economy With the vaulting advance of electronic technology,network has become an important part of our life.It brings great convenience to people's life and accelerates the speed of economic development.Net economy,therefore,is generally acknowledged as the representative of new economy. The sharp difference between net economy and traditional economy may well explain the reasons why net economy should develop at such a high speed. As a matter of fact, no one denies that net economy has great potentials and advantages in many aspects. First of all, the network, as the representative of net economy, connects the world as a whole, and thus brings great ease for all people concerned to share boundless source of information. All this not only saves much time but sustains human resource as well. The traditional economy, however, functions only within the certain areas and with limited information. The driving force of net economy is the development of technology and new scientific achievement, which provides net economy with a vast prospect and a bright future. This is what traditional economy can never match. These differences result in the distinct expectation for net economy—and traditional economy, the former undoubtedly enjoys marvelous development while the latter will unavoidably meet its greatest challenge ever since. As for anyone who live in the age of net economy, we have no choice but to catch up with the rapid pace of net economy. We should follow the new trend, enrich our knowledge, master new technology and hold fast to the new chances to improve ourselves to a greater extent. Only by doing so will we make even greater progress and achieve more fruitful success in the age of net economy.