Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text, Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET l. What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, 2 children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus, the region of the brain which is 5 for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don't think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 one event follows 9 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story. they don't find any that fit the 11 It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal 13 in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten 14 of them into long-term memories. In other 15 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 16 —Mother talking about the afternoon 17 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 18 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 19 memories of their personal experiences. Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
1.
A.figure
B.interpret
C.recall
D.affirm
A B C D
C
[解析] 词义搭配。recall vt.想起。例如:recall old faces(想起老朋友的面貌);又如:I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.(我记得她的面貌,但想不起在什么地方见过她。)figure vt.图示,塑造(形象);想象。如:figure something to oneself(心中描绘某物。)interpret vt.解释,说明;affirm vt.断言,肯定。
2.
A.now that
B.even if
C.as though
D.just as
A B C D
D
[解析] 逻辑搭配。just as就像……;now that既然……;even if 即使……;as though似乎,好像。
[解析] 词义搭配。propose vt.提出;refute vt.反驳;defy vt.(公然)对抗,蔑视,如:defy the law(目无法纪);witness vt.目睹;(for)(签名)作证支持……,(against)(签名)作证反对……。例如:1)Your brother Will witness for you in this charge.(在这次控告中你兄弟将为你作证辩护。)2)He will witness against you if only out of spite.(假如出于恶意,他将作证说明你有罪。)
5.
A.responsible
B.suitable
C.favorable
D.available
A B C D
A
[解析] 词义搭配。be responsible for是……(产生)的原因。例如:Cars are mainly responsible for the air pollution in cities.(汽车是城市产生空气污染的主要原因。)
6.
A.declines
B.assesses
C.estimates
D.maintains
A B C D
D
[解析] 词义搭配。maintain vt.坚持认为,主张(后接宾语从句)。例如,He maintained that he was to blame.(他坚持说,他应受到责备。)
7.
A.reflect
B.attain
C.access
D.acquire
A B C D
C
[解析] 词义搭配。access vt.(计算机用语)存取。例如:She accessed three different files to find the correct information.(她存取了三个文件以找寻她所要的信息。)又如: The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date.(文件每日存取,使之不断更新。)
Text 1 However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils' progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help (he parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers' conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children's misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents' minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters' capacities.
1. The central idea conveyed in the above text is that
A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.
B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.
C.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.
D.parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.
Text 2 In 1575—over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are. The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue. The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes, Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex foe comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences. Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass--witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale. One of the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change .the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives. Notes: Renaissance (14世纪—16世纪欧洲)文艺复兴(时期)。tyranny暴虐统治;暴虐行为。are blessed with幸有;有幸得到。but a few 只是几个。come to pass发生实现。As yet至今。grass root群众。
1. According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur?
A.An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitants.
B.The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer.
C.New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas.
D.The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind.
Text 3 Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored--the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea's natural products for the world's hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sought .from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic, But the crime lies in society's unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the world's animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the "continental shelf" waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land. Notes: sewers 下水道。
1. According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A.Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research,
B.Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein.
C.There are enough fish in the U.S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the world's 5 billion people.
D.The oceans are the major source of the world's protein supply.
Text 4 Most economists in the United States seem excited by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems harmful. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firmwill act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United States. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price- fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have. Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In' the early 1970's, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the Unites States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices. Notes: spell魔力;一阵。aggregate总体。
1. The primary purpose of the text is to
A.refute the theory that the free market plays a useful role in the development of industrialized societies.
B.argue that price-fixing, in one form or another, is an inevitable part of and benefit to the economy of any industrialized society.
C.show that in industrialized societies price-fixing and the operation of the free market are not only compatible but also mutually beneficial.
D.explain the various ways in which industrialized societies can fix prices in order to stabilize the free market.
Part B Directions: In the following article; some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers or ANSWER SHEET 1.
It is hardly necessary to point out that we live in a world of increasing industrialization. While this process enables us to raise our standard of living at an ever-accelerating rate, it also leads to a corresponding growth of interdependence between the different regions of the world. 41)____________ What, then, is to be done? Although itis difficult to know where to begin to deal with such a large subject, the first step is perhaps to consider the main economic difficulties an underdeveloped or emerging region has to face. 42)____________A number of quite common occurrences are therefore sufficient to cause immediate and serious interference with this export production: unfavorable weather conditions, plant or animal epidemics, the exhaustion of soil fertility or mineral deposits, the development of substitute products in the industrialized regions, etc. The sensitivity of the economy is greatly intensified in cases where exports are confined only to one or two products—"monocultures" as they are sometimes called. 43)____________This also applies to the manufactured goods required to provide their populations with the "necessities of life". This economic structure makes it difficult for them to avoid being politically dependent on the countries which absorb their exports and provide their essential imports. Since, under modern conditions, a rapid rise in population is a phenomenon closely associated with underdevelopment. This cause alone can subject the economy to severe and continuous stress. 44)____________In the first place, to set up modern industries necessitates capital on a large scale, which only industrialized regions are able to provide; secondly, they lack the necessary trained manpower; thirdly, their industries—when established—are usually not efficient enough to compete with foreign imports, and any restriction on these imports is likely to lead to counter-action against their own exports. From another point of view, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are invariably political, educational, social and psychological obstacles which tend to interfere seriously with any measures taken to deal with the economic difficulties outlined above. 45)____________ To conclude, it seems clear that if we are .to succeed in solving the many inter-related problems of underdevelopment, only the fullest and most intelligent use of the resources of all branches of science will enable us to do so. (555 words) Notes: be orientated.., toward 被引导到...... 。monoculture单一作物耕作。 [A] For example, the economies of such countries are orientated primarily toward the production of raw materials, i. e. agricultural and mineral products; these are then exported to the industrialized countries. [B] Given these conditions, it is easy to see that any permanent economic or political instability in one area is bound to have an increasingly serious effect upon the rest of the world. Since the main source of such instability is underdevelopment, it is clear that this now constitutes a problem of international dimensions. [C] As far as "necessities of life" are concerned, they represent a concept which: is continually being enlarged through the mass media of communication such as newspapers, films, the radio and advertising. [D] Although it is obvious that industrialization is the key to development, it is usually very difficult for emerging countries to carry out plans of this nature. [E] Being under-industrialized, these countries are largely dependent on imports to supply the equipment needed to produce the raw materials they export. [F] To consider. only one point: it is obviously useless, to devote great efforts and expense to education, technical training and planning if, for psychological reasons, the population as a whole fails to turn theory into effective action. [G] This sudden increase in the population of the underdeveloped countries has come at a difficult time. Even if their population had not grown so fast they would have been facing a desperate struggle to bring the standard of living of their people up.
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. 46) Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. 47) Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies. Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. 48) When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms.Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively; they made critical change in United 'States procedures. 49) For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. 50) Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the spare stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.
[解析] schedule vt.排定,预定:schedule time 预定时间:His speech is scheduled for mext Thursday.(他的讲演定在下周四举行。)keep sb. constantly active使某人不停地工作。that result 是定语从句,修饰the stocks of extra components;此定语从句在此意译为“就必须有这种备用件的储存”。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
1. Directions: You are preparing an opening remark at a discussion on "Books are our best friends". Your remark should cover: 1) the value of books and 2) what a good book may he. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
Ladies and gentlemen, First of all, I'd like to express my heart-felt gratitude to all of you present for your coming to the discussion. As you know, a man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men. And one should always live in the best company, whether it might be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the most patient and cheerful of your companions. It does not turn its back upon us in time of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. I sincerely hope our discussion will be a success. Thank you.
Part B
1. Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to 1) describe the picture, 2) state the risks brought by speeding, and 3) suggest possible measures against speeding. You should write about 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
As is depicted in the picture, the driver is speeding. I think he must be doing over one hundred and sixty at the moment. You see, he is stepping on the gas. And the car is running even faster than is the plane. The passenger sitting behind him looks terrified for fear that the driver might lose control over the vehicle. But the latter is smiling and feeling quite confident. He seems to be saying: No sweat! As is known to all, among all the causes leading to traffic accidents, speeding is the most dangerous one, especially in bad weather conditions. The driver can't stop the car in time to avoid collision when something out of the ordinary happens on the road because he is traveling too quickly. In addition, speeding is most risky during rush hours when traffic is heavy and people are hurrying to or from work. According to the statistics published by the City Public Security Bureau, about 70% of the car accidents arise out of reckless driving. As a result, speeding has become Number One Killer on the road today. Strong measures should be adopted to fight against speeding. First and foremost, we should educate drivers to realize the harmfulness of speeding both to them and to the society. Furthermore, drivers deserve to be fined heavily for reckless driving. Thirdly, speed limit signs must be built on the road to warn of speeding. I am confident that only in this way can speeding on the road be eradicated thoroughly and completely.