Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals 1 they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans 2 a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating 3 of a disease or 4 the condition of a wound. 5 there was so much that primitive humans did not 6 the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of heath 7 . Therefore it is not 8 that early humans thought that illness was caused 9 evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to 10 harmful spirit from a diseased body. One of the earliest 11 in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and 12 of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek' physician Hippocrates. The writing 13 to him has provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous 14 , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics. Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a 15 of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this 16 thesis, On Airs, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is 17 by the totality of environmental 18 : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. 19 enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are 20 very much written in twentieth century.
1.
A.in that
B.now that
C.because
D.so that
A B C D
A
2.
A.identified
B.recognized
C.admitted
D.esteemed
A B C D
B
3.
A.symbols
B.signs
C.symptoms
D.syndromes
A B C D
C
4.
A.arranging
B.adjusting
C.developing
D.improving
A B C D
D
5.
A.While
B.Although
C.Provided
D.Since
A B C D
D
6.
A.confirm
B.appreciate
C.tolerate
D.discover
A B C D
B
7.
A.damages
B.agitation
C.disorders
D.collapse
A B C D
C
8.
A.surprising
B.obvious
C.promising
D.unwise
A B C D
A
9.
A.in
B.by
C.off
D.up
A B C D
B
10.
A.discharge
B.exclude
C.dismiss
D.expel
A B C D
D
11.
A.expedition
B.incentives
C.stimuli
D.endeavors
A B C D
D
12.
A.foundation
B.rejection
C.integration
D.acceptance
A B C D
B
13.
A.attributed
B.committed
C.acknowledged
D.confined
A B C D
A
14.
A.attractions
B.subscriptions
C.thorough
D.immediate
A B C D
C
15.
A.creation
B.expectation
C.perception
D.preference
A B C D
C
16.
A.durable
B.classic
C.thorough
D.immediate
A B C D
B
17.
A.impressed
B.surpassed
C.influenced
D.regarded
A B C D
C
18.
A.elements
B.factors
C.components
D.deposits
A B C D
B
19.
A.Interesting
B.Appealing
C.Demanding
D.Exaggerating
A B C D
A
20. [A] even [B] indeed [e] still [D] moreover
A B C D
C
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the socalled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the violent physical struggle. Well. That's just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have—the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations. The 135-member WTO is composed of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world. Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The city's police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community maybe more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested $ 9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. It's an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an end. But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a replay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over your house? No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and bad. Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric. Still, it is a disgrace that the world's greatest trading nation, i.e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.
1. The statement "victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan" (Para. 1) is used to introduce
A.the victory of suffering representatives.
B.the failure of WTO's opening meeting.
C.the role of international free trade.
D.the dynamics of economic growth.
A B C D
B
2. It is implied in the first sentence that the failure of Millennium trade round could be attributed to
A.factors other than a movement.
B.violent labor disputes.
C.mislead political motivations.
D.troubled trade unions.
A B C D
A
3. By saying that "It's an image that will boggle the mind for years to come," (Paragraph 3) the author means that the debate in Seattle proves to be
A.dubiously-oriented.
B.quite transient.
C.self-contradictory.
D.fairly consequential.
A B C D
D
4. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for
A.his failure to match his words with his actions.
B.his lack of historical knowledge about the WTO.
C.his putting the issue in a wrong perspective.
D.his exaggeration of WTO's economic role.
A B C D
C
5. From the text we can see that the writer seems
A.optimistic.
B.gloomy.
C.disgraced.
D.proud.
A B C D
B
Text 2 "Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930's for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one. he took a popular genre-bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre. As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself. Or consider Verdi's treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer's vocal technique: when the east changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi's characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity. Even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama, the integrity of the character is achieved through the music: once he had become established. Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of somebody else's arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.
1. This passage is mainly
A.a survey of drama music.
B.about the elements in popular music.
C.a review of popular art.
D.about dramatic economy and effectiveness.
A B C D
C
2. The writer asserts that the definition of popular art is
A.quite accurate.
B.rather elusive.
C.fairly clear.
D.very dubious.
A B C D
B
3. It can be inferred from the text that the achievements by Verdi
A.are too subtle to recognize.
B.defy any precise definition.
C.are the envy of his times.
D.earn him great reputation.
A B C D
A
4. The writer mentions the political elements in 19th century opera to illustrate
A.the political messages exposed.
B.the universal recognition of high art.
C.the intended changes in popular art.
D.heroes' and heroines' mental states.
A B C D
C
5. According to the text, Verdi's creative treatment of characters is performed through
A.his frequent re-writing of an opera.
B.his coherent psychological portrayal.
C.his consistent aspiration to high art.
D.his effective maneuvers of music.
A B C D
D
Text 3 Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divided world, a laughter is a unifying force. Human begins oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on the most complex and subtle of all-human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplain's early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, "Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way. A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from refined tinkle to an earthquaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lopsided view of things. This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war, political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about wars in Gulliver's Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can't agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is no wonder that in totalitarian regimes any satire against the Establishment is wholly banned. It is too powerful weapon to be allowed to flourish. The sense of humor must be singled out as man's most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative--these are .qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
1. The author quotes Dr. Samuel Johnson's words to
A.spotlight the unifying force of a sense of humor.
B.stress the harmony between individuals and society.
C.highlight the incomparable luxury of humor.
D.show the distinction between humans and animals.
A B C D
C
2. According to the author, "political fanatics" (Para. 2) more often than not fall victim to [A} political realities. [B] wild illusions. [C] adverse comments. [D] noble qualities.
A B C D
B
3. According to the 4th paragraph, what interests the author is that some politicians fail to
A.perceive the value of humor.
B.gain a correct sense of values.
C.distinguish comedy from tragedy.
D.realize dangers of hypocrisy.
A B C D
A
4. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A.Government agencies are often an inappropriate subject for humor.
B.A sense of humor inevitably prompts us to take ourselves seriously.
C.Many issues on trivialities may arise for lack of a sense of humor.
D.The pursuit for happiness is one of the greatest goals in our life.
A B C D
C
5. The best title for the text may be
A."Various functions of humor."
B."Develop all-human qualities."
C."Different solutions to conflicts."
D."Make use of humor wisely."
A B C D
D
Text 4 The housing market has been for two years propping up consumers' spirits while the rest of the economy lies exhausted on the floor, still trying to struggle to its feet. According to the National Association of Realtors, the national median existing-home price ended the year at $164,000, up 7.1 percent from 2001. That's the strongest annual increase since 1980. Although residential real estate activity makes up less than 8% of total U. S. GDP, a housing market like this one can make the difference between positive and negative growth. Most significantly, consumer spending is 66 % of GDP, and the purchase of a new home tends to have an "umbrella effect" on the homeowner's spending as he has to stock it with a washer/ dryer, a new big-screen TV, and maybe a swing set for the yard. The main factor in housing's continued strength is a classic economic example of zero-sum boom: the persistent weakness everywhere else. As the 2003 recovery continues to be more forecast than reality. Falling stock prices raised investor appeal for U. S. Treasury Bonds, which in turn, allowed most interest rates to drift even lower. But there are not many signs that there's a bubble ready to burst. December's new record in housing starts, for example, was nicely matched by the new record in new home sales. If you build it, they will buy and even if an economic pickup starts to reduce housing's relative attractiveness, there's no reason why modest economic growth and improved consumer mood can't help sustaining housing's strength. "The momentum gained from low mortgage interest rates will carry strong home sales into 2003, with an improving economy offsetting modestly higher mortgage interest rates as the year progresses," said David Lereah, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors. Just as housing has taken up much of the economic slack for the past two years, both as a comforting investment for fretting consumers and a driver of consumer spending itself, a big bump elsewhere in the economy in 2003 could be housing's downfall. If stocks roar back this spring, capital inflows could steal from the bond market, pushing up long-term interest rates. Or Alan Greenspan and the Fed could do the same to short-term rates, as a way to hit the brakes on a recovery that is heating up too fast. In other words, if everything possible goes wrong for housing, homeowners should have plenty to compensate them in terms of job security and income hikes.
1. The author draws a sharp contrast between the housing market and the rest of the economy so as to show
A.the boom of real estate activity.
B.the statistics on home prices.
C.the role of housing market.
D.the degree of consumer spirits.
A B C D
C
2. How do the consumers feel about their investment in the housing market?
A.Apprehensive.
B.Reassured.
C.Indignant.
D.Annoyed.
A B C D
B
3. "A classic economic example of zero-sum boom" (Paragraph 3) connotes
A.economic slack.
B.continued strength.
C.economic recovery.
D.job security.
A B C D
A
4. When mentioning the "umbrella effect" (Para. 2), the author is talking about
A.bond market.
B.stock exchange.
C.housing market.
D.electric appliances.
A B C D
C
5. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?
A."Nature passes nurture."
B."Man proposes, God disposes."
C."Faith moves mountains."
D."Facts speak louder than words."
A B C D
D
Part B Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
This is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now spread throughout most of the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocqueville called "a manly and legitimate passion for equality ..." (2) Blue jeans are favored equally by bureaucrats and cowboys; bankers and deadbeats; fashion designers and beer drinkers. They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes; they are merely American. (3) 41. ___________ (4) This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levi Strauss. (5) He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany, in 1829, and during the European political turmoil of 1848 decided to take his chances in New York, to which his two brothers already had emigrated. Upon arrival, Levi soon found that his two brothers had exaggerated their tales of an easy life in the land of the main chance. He found them pushing needles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors and buttons to housewives. (6) 42. ___________ (7) It was the wrong kind of canvas for that purpose, but while talking with a miner down from the mother lode, he learned that pants-sturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the digging--were almost impossible to find. (8) Opportunity beckoned on the spot, Strauss measured the man's girth and inseam with a piece of string and, for six dollars in gold dust, had [the canvas] tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged pants. (9) 43. ___________ (10) When Strauss ran out of canvas, he Wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, France. (11) Almost from the first, Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name, but it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets which have long since become a company trademark. (12) 44. ___________ (13) For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small, with sales largely confined to the working people of the West-cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like. (14) Levi's jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easterners returned and spread the word about the wonderful pants with rivets. (15) 45. ___________ (16) The pants have become a tradition, and along the way have acquired a history of their own so much so that the company has opened a museum in San Francisco. For example, there is the particularly terrifying story of the careless construction worker who dangled fifty-two stories above the street until rescued, his sole support the Levi's belt loop through which his rope was hooked. [A] The miner was delighted with the result, word got around about "those pants of Levi's", and Strauss was in business. The company has been in business very since. [B] As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and had the pockets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick—and hired Davis as a regional manager. [C] By this time, Strauss had taken both his brothers and two brothers-in-law into the company and was ready for his third San Francisco store. Over the ensuing years the company prospered locally, and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss had become a man of prominence in California. [D] For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door-to-door to eke out a marginal living. When a married sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in 1850, he jumped at the opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for tenting. [E] Another boost came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work. From a company with fifteen salespeople, two plants, and almost no business east of the Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a sales force of more than twenty-two thousand, with plants and offices in thirty-five countries. [F] They adapt themselves to any sort of idiosyncratic use; women slit them at the inseams and convert them into long skirts, men chop them off above the knees and turn them into something to be worn while challenging the surf. Decorations and ornamentations abound. [G] Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world-including Russia, where authorities recently broke up a teen-aged gang that was selling them on the black market for two hundred dollars a pair.
1.
G
2.
D
3.
A
4.
C
5.
E
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
United States Senator John Glenn returned to orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery in late October, 1998, 36 years after his first lift-off from Cape Canaveral in Florida. (46) The 77-year-old politician, who in 1962 became America's first man to orbit the Earth, blasted off with six other astronauts on a mission that would include research into ageing. Taking leave of him at the space center along with 3,000 media representatives, 20,000 invited guests and an estimated half million people who crowded vantage points round about to watch the launch— were his wife of more than 50 years, Annie, his two children and two grandchildren. Glenn fever struck Florida's space coast months ahead of the launch, with hotel rooms booked up half a year in advance. One local newspaper called the phenomenon "Hurricane Glenn", an ironic reference to the spate of devastating hurricane that had already hit the Florida coast during 1998. The Ohio senator had campaigned for several years to be allowed this return trip into space. (47) NASA administers finally agreed to his proposed study on the effects of weightlessness on elderly people and the possible parallels between the side-effects of weightlessness and the ageing process itself. (48) Critics, however, complained that the mission was little more than a public relations exercise aimed at raising the profile of NASA, and would do nothing to advance research into the geriatric condition. Some were even saying that the trip represented the ultimate congressional junket. Glenn insisted from the beginning that the space mission was a serious one, however. He subjected himself—and others—to a series of tests in a special laboratory while in orbit. (49) He swallowed a special thermometer before lift-off so that his temperature could be monitored, and had a tube implanted in his arm to facilitate the taking of blood samples without the need for fresh needles each time. Other tests conducted on his return to Earth were designed to measure his bone density and changes in his spinal cord. (50) NASA officials fuelled suspicion that Glenn's trip had dubious practical value, however, by announcing that there were no plans to test any more elderly astronauts after his trip. This was despite the fact that 67-year-old Jerrie Cobb, one of 13 women who trained for the Space programme with Glenn in the early 1960s but who were never allowed to fly, expressed her determination to become the next geriatric guineapig in orbit. The space experience has changed a great deal in the 36 years since Glenn was last in orbit. Unlike his five-hour 1962 trip, this was no solo mission.
1. Directions: You have bought a brand-new computer in a dealer's office. But much to your disappointment, it could not be normally operated when you got it back. Write a letter to the manager, 1) launching your complaints, 2) specifying its troubles, 3) and proposing solutions. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
[参考范文] Dear Sir or Madam, I must write this letter to you, trying to complain about the computer I bought in your store yesterday afternoon. There's something wrong with it. That makes me extremely annoyed. The computer could not be properly shut down when I got it back home. However hard I tried to click the shutdown button, the machine gave no response. And I feel awfully distressed. It's obvious that you didn't carefully examine the machine before you sold it to me. I don't think that your store takes full responsibility for selling a highquality product. I insist you give me a satisfactory reply. I do want you to make some compensation for this computer, for example giving back my money. Sincerely yours, Li Ming
Part B
1. Directions. A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 160—200 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1. Describe the drawing and interpret its meaning, 2. And point out its implications in our life. (20 points)
[参考范文] 主题 :Face up to Challenges Brayely Throughout our life-time, it seems that we must experience lots of complicated tests in our careers. To each choice and challenge we should apply ourselves with wisdom and confidence. If we take a positive attitude towards an examination room, we would lead a meaningful and rewarding life; otherwise what we achieve in the end would be nothing but failure. In examinations, whet/ we deal with multiple choice questions, we have to wisely make choices between evil and good, between false and true, and between prejudice and justice. We will correct our wrong answers to difficult questions, and likewise we will bravely learn to put our behaviors in right directions. Last but not the least, we should comply with rules and regulations in the society just as we do in an exam room. Unless we act prudently and confidently in the face of great troubles, great consequences will inevitably follow. Anyway, we were placed into challenging exam rooms at the moment when we were born into the world. We are given a test paper, each page of which should be accomplished if we want to find the true meaning of life.