Section Ⅱ VocabularyDirections: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Section Ⅴ TranslationDirections: Translate the following into English.1. 世界人口突破70亿,地球资源日益减少,人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来,中国已有效控制了出生率。
如果没有计划生育,中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上,没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告,中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过,西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说,再过三十年,中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。
和欧洲相比,中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后,中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年,中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人,这一点是以前不曾想象的,要知道,以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人,这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作,大城市面临更大的压力,而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。
出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后,这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生,现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策,因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。
With the world's population breaking through 7 billion and the shrinking of resources on the earth, people are worried about it. China claims that the birthrate has been effectively controlled since the family planning policy was implemented in 1979.
If there is no family planning, Chinese, the most populous country, will have additional tens of millions of the population. Actually, there is no county carrying out such policy like China. According to the 6th censes report, China has a population of 1.37 billion. Nevertheless, western sociologists and economists have warned that, after thirty years, China would be the only one developing country facing an aging society before developed.
Comparing with Europe, China faces with a faster process of the aging crisis. Five year later, the population elder than 60 would increase to 0.221 billion from 0.178 billion. A quater people will older than 65 in 2050. Half of the people over 60 is single, which is unimagined before because Chinese is always four generation in the hall. Now the Inverted Pyramid that a child needs to take the burden of parents and grandparents is a challenge for everyone. As an increasing number of people are moving into the city for jobs, big cities are facing greater pressure. On the other hand, companies are offering inadequate positions to meet these job seeker needs in middle-small sized cities.
After the entry of the decade from 1962 to 1972, the stress will be more hard. Over the decade, 30 million infants were born every year on average, whereas in recent years this data have decreased to 6-7 million. Since overpopulation is still one of the main challenges for the development of China's society and economy, the National Population and Family Planning Commission has not loosen long-term family planning policy.