Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Part OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.2. the visitor's initial expenditure
3. environmental pollution
5. subsidized exchange rates
9. the local share of the market
10. market-oriented reforms
Ⅵ.Passage translationDirections: Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. Few improvements were made in the quality of accommodations until the advent of long-distance stagecoach travel in the seventeenth century. Journeys by stagecoach over dirt roads were long and arduous. Passengers (most of whom were wealthy) came to expect a warm bed and a hearty meal on their overnight stops. English inns and taverns, in particular, gained a reputation for cleanliness and comfort and set the standard for accommodations in other parts of Europe. A typical inn had a dining room in which food and drink were served, a number of private rooms with beds for individual travelers, a large communal room for stagecoach drivers and the staff of the inn, and stables for the horses, all arranged around a central courtyard. These inns were not only frequented by travelers; they also became popular meeting places for local nobles, clergy, politicians, and other local citizens.
17世纪出现了长途公共马车旅行。直到此时,住宿设施质量才得到改善。公共马车在泥泞的道路上行驶,路途遥远、艰辛。乘客(多为富人)希望在其过夜停留之处有一张温暖的床铺并能吃到丰盛的晚餐。英国的客栈和小旅馆尤以干净和舒适而闻名,并且为欧洲其他地区的住宿设施确立了标准。
典型的客栈有供应餐饮的餐室、有若干供旅行者个人单独使用的卧房、有供马车夫和客栈服务人员公用的大房间,还有马厩,所有这一切围成一圈,中间是一个院子。这些客栈不仅是旅行者的常来之地,而且成为当地贵族、牧师、政治家以及当地居民所喜爱的聚会场所。
2. The Chinese people contribute much to the society where they live through their hard work. Many of these Chinese people still have strong links with the country of their ancestors—sometimes just emotional, sometimes economic as well. Many of them have done much to invest in China, and have taken a significant part in the growth of the Chinese economy. It is interesting to note that while big American firms rush to Beijing to make their deals, many of the Overseas Chinese go back to the villages of their ancestors. The money they have to invest is very significant. As Sterling Seagrave observes, "this capital flows through the unique social system of Guanxi". Guanxi is a word which is hard to explain in English: it may perhaps be defined as meaning "taking advantage of social contacts to achieve things for mutual benefit".
中国人民在他们各自的居住地通过自己的努力为所在国做出了巨大的贡献。今天,许多中国侨民仍然对其祖国有很密切的联系——这种联系有时仅仅是情感上的,而有时却是经济上的。许多侨民对祖国给予了极大的投资,他们的投资对中国的经济发展有着极其重要的作用。请注意以下这个有趣的现象:现在,许多美国的大公司都急于到中国的北京做生意;而许多海外的华侨则乐于回到他们的故乡投资。他们带来的资金十分宝贵。正如斯特林·斯戈来福先生所说,“这种资本是通过一种特殊的社会关系流入的”。“关系”是一个很难用英语来解释的词,它也许可以被解释为:利用特殊的社会关系来获得某种东西,以求共同受益。