Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Part OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.3. diversity of landscapes
5. sharing different value systems
6. the sociocultural impacts
9. densely-populated cities
Ⅵ.Passage translationDirections: Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. Tourism was brought sharply into international focus at the end of the Second World War. Within a mere 20 years of the industry's take-off, international tourism displayed nearly all the characteristics of its manufacturing counterpart—it was mass, standardized and rigidly packaged. By the mid-1970s, tourism was being produced along assembly-fine principles, similar to the automobile industry, with tourists consuming travel and leisure services in a similar robot-like and routine manner. Understanding the evolution of mass tourism, and the factors that created it, are key to understanding the industry's transformation.
二战结束后,旅游很快成为国际的焦点。在短短20年内,这项产业飞速地成长起来。国际旅游几乎表现出了类似于制造业所具有的一切特征——大众化、规范化和团体包价制。到20世纪70年代中期,旅游业像自动化工业一样按照流水线运作,旅游者按常规和惯例消费旅游和休闲产品。了解大众旅游的变化过程以及带来这些变化的因素对理解该行业的演变过程是非常重要的。
2. Travelers of interest to the industry are usually classified into those whose travels require the use of overnight accommodation and those whose trips last less than one day. As can be noted in the WTO definitions, these groups are further divided into international travelers and domestic travelers. A major reason for this distinction is that most nations are especially interested in developing tourism as an export industry. Export industries promote national economic development by generating new wealth for the state. Domestic tourism may be important for local or regional development, but many economists suggest it usually has the effect of merely shifting wealth from one region to another, and not of contributing to actual net growth in the gross domestic product of a country. Some national tourism organizations have found it useful to make a further distinction between intercontinental travel and travel between adjacent countries.
对旅游业感兴趣的旅游者一般分为两类:一类是需要住宿的旅游者;另一类是旅行时间不超过一天的旅行者。正如世界旅游组织定义中指出的一样,这两类可再分为国际旅游者和国内旅游者。这样区别的一个主要原因是许多国家对把旅游业发展成为一个出口产业更感兴趣。出口业通过给国家带来新财富促进国民经济的增长。许多经济学家指出,虽然国内旅游可能对当地及本地区的发展具有重要性,但它起的作用通常只是把财富从一个地区转移到另一个地区,而并没有对国内生产总值的实际净增长作出贡献。一些国家旅游组织发现,进一步划分洲际旅游和边境跨国旅游也很有用。