Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. The habit-formation theory comes from the ______ and was very popular in the 1950s and 1960s.
3. Classroom procedures in the Direct Method can be roughly divided into three phases: ______, oral practice in the target language, and consolidation with written work.
A.presentation by direct association
B.reading and explaining the new words and expressions in the first language
C.asking learners to read sentences aloud and translate them into the first language
D.students' choral imitation all together or in large groups
A B C D
A
[解析] 直接法的课堂教学过程大致可分为三个阶段:首先用直接联系的方式介绍新的语言材料(presentation by direct association),其次是口头练习目标语(oral practice in the target language),最后是写作以巩固已学知识(consolidation with written work)。
4. The Oral Approach or ______ refers to an approach to language teaching developed by British applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s.
A.Guided Language Teaching
B.Situational Language Teaching
C.Applied Language Teaching
D.Functional Language Teaching
A B C D
B
[解析] 口语教学法又叫情景教学法(Situational Language Teaching),是英国应用语言学家于20世纪30年代到60年代发展起来的一种语言教学方法。
5. In his book The Principles of Language Study, Palmer made the point that ______ were brought into play in the acquisition of spoken language whereas studial capacities were required in the development of literacy.
7. The Natural Approach uses three stages as a basis for beginners: ______; giving the students comprehensible input about experiences and allowing for opportunities to engage in conversations about their own experiences; and input and discussions, concerning opinions.
A.lowering the affective filter
B.strengthening the affective filter
C.lowering anxiety
D.strengthening motivation
A B C D
A
[解析] 自然法给初学者组织教学有三个步骤。第一步:将学生置于语言的交际情景之中,使他们相互认识,其目的是减少情感障碍(lowering the affective filter);第二步:给学生提供有关经历的可理解性输入(comprehensible input),使他们有机会谈论他们自己的经历;第三步:包括学生接受语言输入、开展讨论、发表意见等。
8. The Communicative Approach follows a(n) ______ and emphasizes the processes of communication to get information.
19. In a Natural Approach classroom, most of the classroom time is spent on activities which foster ______.
A.language acquisition
B.speaking ability
C.reading ability
D.writing ability
A B C D
A
[解析] 在自然法的课堂上,大部分时间用来开展有助于语言习得的活动。
20. What Krashen and Terrell emphasize in their approach is the primacy of ______.
A.form
B.vocabulary
C.meaning
D.phonetics
A B C D
C
[解析] 克拉申和特雷尔认为,交际是语言的首要功能,强调了意义的重要作用。
Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. In the Grammar-Translation Method, the ______ is the basic unit of language teaching and learning.
sentence
[解析] 语法翻译法中句子是语言教学的基本单位。
2. The ______ Method emphasizes on written language and memorization of grammatical rules.
4. Cognitive psychologists hold that language learning is the discovery of the underlying ______ of the language by means of inductive and deductive inference.
6. According to behaviourist psychology, learning a language is a process of acquiring a set of appropriate language stimulus-response chains, a ______ process of habit formation.
12. This method advises teachers to consider their students as "whole persons", therefore Community Language Learning is sometimes cited as an example of a "______ approach".
20. Traditional linguists believe that the ______ form of language was superior to the spoken form which was regarded as the corrupted form of language.
written
[解析] 传统语言学认为。书面语优于口语,并且认为口语是语言滥用造成的结果。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ④, ③ or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
1. Column A ①the theory of language underlying the Direct Method ②the theory of learning underlying the Direct Method ③one of the objectives of the Direct Method ④one of the techniques of the Direct Method ⑤one of the main features of the Direct Method Column B a. Meaning is presented by relating directly to the physical world. b. To achieve correct pronunciation e. Spoken language comes before written language. d. Foreign language learning is analogous to first language acquisition. e. Conversation practice
2. Column A ①Bloomfield ②Chomsky ③Halliday ④Skinner ⑤Freud Column B a. Transformational Generative Linguistics b. American Structuralism c. Psychoanalysis d. Behaviourism e. Functional Linguistics
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. Could you please name two of Daniel Jones's works on English phonetics?
(They are) The Pronunciation of English, A Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language, English Pronouncing Dictionary, and Outline of English Phonetics.
2. What are the disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method?
The disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method are as follows: (1) Overemphasis on translation can never emancipate the learners from dependence on the first language. (2)It puts too much emphasis on reading and writing and neglects listening and speaking. (3) Knowing a large number of grammatical rules can not ensure that students can use them appropriately in real communicative situation, (4) The language learned often doesn't meet the practical needs of the learner. (5) Memorizing grammar rules and bilingual word lists does not motivate students to actively communicate in the target language.
3. Could you adapt any of techniques of Audiolingual approach to your own teaching? Why or why not?
Yes, we could adapt some kinds of techniques used by the Audiolingual Method, such as dialogues and pattern drills. They form the basis of audiolingual classroom practice. Dialogues are thought to provide meaningful context for the key structures and to illustrate situations in which those structures might be used. Certain sentence patterns and grammar points are included within the dialogue. Various kinds of pattern drills are used for different purposes. Some key structures from the dialogue are selected and used as the basis for pattern drills of different kinds.
4. What are the merits and limitations of the Total Physical Response?
Merits: Total Physical Response emphasizes the role of comprehension in second language acquisition. The key component of the courses is to allow the students to use the language for real communication. Performing physical actions in the target language is a means of making language input comprehensible and reducing stress. Limitations: Total Physical Response only represents a useful set of techniques, and it should be used in association with other methods and techniques. Learners play a passive role in language process and have little influence over the content of learning.
5. What are the distinguishing features of the Notional-Functional Syllabus?
They were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus.
6. According to the Direct Method, What areas of language are considered more important?
Oral practice in the target language is often used in the Direct Method classroom. Speech patterns anal structures, rather than grammar, are considered fundamental since the spoken language came into being before the written language. The sentence is regarded as a more useful unit of language instruction than the word. Between vocabulary and grammar, the former comes before the latter.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. What are the merits and limitations of the Cognitive Approach?
Merits: (1) More active use of mental power and stress on creativity and meaning. (2) Enjoyable and meaningful learning. (3) Integrating all four skills. (4) Giving students opportunity to develop functional and performance skills. (5) Suitable for adult language learners. (6) Drawing on the latest development of linguistics and psychology and FLT theories, and more scientific. Limitations: (1) Difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. (2) Depending too much on analysis and understanding. (3) No complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom. (4) Needing further research and development.
2. What are the two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins? What is the distinction between the two terms?
The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are "notions" and "functions". "Notions" are domains in which we use language to express thought and feeling. They are both general and specific. General notions are abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity and quality. Within the general notion of space and time, for example, are the concepts of location, motion, dimension, speed, length of time and frequency. Specific notions correspond more closely to what we have become accustomed to calling "contexts" or "situations". Personal identification, for example, is a specific notion under which name, address, phone number, and other personal information is subsumed. "Functions" refer to the purposes for which utterances or units of language are used. In language learning, language functions are often described as categories of behavior; e.g. requests, apologies, complaints, offers and compliments.