Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdaws—birds related to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyes—can do the same. "Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye's role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented," said Auguste yon Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the University of Oxford. When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to retrieve the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge. The birds hesitated only when the person in question was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using static cues, including eye gaze or head orientation, in that context. Unlike most birds, jackdaws' eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws at attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them. The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closest relatives the chimpanzee and "man's best friend," the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others and do not appear to appreciate the eyes as the visual organs. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities.
1. According to the report, when does a hand-raised jackdaw hesitate to take a preferred food?______
A.When the feeder is looking away from the food.
B.When the feeder is unfamiliar to the bird.
C.When the feeder holds the food in his hand.
D.When the feeder is looking at the food.
A B C D
B
[解析] 在The birds hesitated only when the person in question was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. 这句话中说道:只有当饲养员对鸟类不太熟悉的时候,寒鸦才会对喜欢的食物表现出犹豫的神态。答案为B。
2. According to the researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because ______.
A.like humans, they also use eyes to communicate
B.they are far more intelligent than other birds
C.they are mostly hand-raised by humans
D.their eyes also have a dark pupil
A B C D
A
[解析] 在the researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans.eyes are an important means of communication for them. 这句话中说道:研究人员说到他们认为寒鸦可能对人类的眼睛非常的敏感,因为它们和人类一样,眼睛是一种很重要的交通工具。答案为A。
3. According to the 4th paragraph, jackdaws are good at interpreting all of the following cues EXCEPT ______.
Passage Two Fill in company forms can become a boring and repetitive task, yet any carelessness on an applicant part can draw a negative reaction from readers. Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, many vary in detail. Consequently, the suggestions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you should write. When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information. ·Treat every application form as though it is the first one you are completing—write carefully and neatly. ·Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed. ·Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in the community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role. ·Pay particular attention if there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position. Think this through very carefully before you write so that what you say shows a natural progression from past experience to the job you are applying for. If you can, and if they fit naturally, add a few words to demonstrate how the position fits your overall career plan.
1. The first sentence of the passage implies that ______.
A.you may have to fill in long application form
B.the filling up of an application form takes much time
C.one may have to fill in many application forms before one gets a job
D.application forms are usually difficult to read and require good skills to fill in
2. Although all application forms demand the same basic information, ______.
A.different companies may have different requirements
B.different companies may take different attitudes toward them
C.application may be required to answer all the questions in detail
D.applicants may have to send in the forms by person
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第一段第二句,“Each company...”可知,答案为A。
3. Which of the following statements is true?______
A.Your personal data record is more important than the interview.
B.You should put in your personal data in the application form as completely as possible.
C.Your personal data record will be much help to your interview.
D.You should write your personal data as clearly and neatly as possible.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章建议中的第一条可知,答案为C。
4. When writing about the duties you have been engaged in, you should ______.
A.put down the names of your colleagues
B.describe the nature of the duties
C.relate them to other major dutiest
D.describe what responsible positions you had
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章建议中的第三条可知,答案为D。
5. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? ______
A.Importance of Application Forms.
B.How to Fill in an Application Form.
C.Job and Its Application.
D.Nature of Application Forms.
A B C D
B
[解析] 本题是观点题。整篇文章讲述了在应聘时如何填写个人的应聘资料。答案为B。
Passage Three The first European stock exchange was established in Antwerp, Belgium (比利时), in 1531. There were no stock exchanges in England until the 1700's. A man wishing to buy or sell shares of stock had to find a broker (agents) to transact his business for him. In london, he usually went to a coffee house, because brokers often gathered there. In 1773, the brokers of london formed a stock exchange. In New York City, brokers met under an old button-wood tree on Wall Street. They organized the New York Stock Exchange in 1792. The American Stock Exchange, second largest in the United States, was formerly called the Curb Exchange because of its origin on the streets of New York City. A stock exchange is a market place where member brokers buy and sell stocks and bonds of American and foreign businesses on behalf of the public. A stock exchange provides a market place for stocks and bonds in the same way a board of trade does for commodities. The stock brokers receive a small commission on each transaction they make. The stock holder may sell his stock wherever he wants to unless the corporation has some special rule to prevent it. Prices of stock change according to general business conditions and the earnings and future prospects of the company. If the business is doing well, the stock holder may be able to sell his stock for a profit. If it is not, he may have to take a loss.
1. In the 1600's, if a man wanted to buy or sell shares of stock, he had to do it through ______.
A.the government
B.himself
C.a broker
D.the stock exchange
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第一段第二、三句,“There were no stock exchanges...”可知,答案为C。
2. The second largest stock exchange in the U.S. used to be called ______.
A.the Wall Street Exchange
B.the New York Stock Exchange
C.the Curb Exchange
D.the U.S. Exchange
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第二段最后一句,“The American Stock Exchange, second largest...”可知,答案为C。
3. In Para. 3, the word "commodities" probably means ______.
A.goods
B.papers
C.shares
D.agreements
A B C D
A
[解析] 根据文章第三段第二句,“...in the same way a board of trade does for commodities.”可知,与“trade”搭配选项A比较合适。“commodities”的意思为“商品”。答案为A。
4. Which of the statements is true?______
A.The stockholder can sell his stock to anywhere at anytime.
B.There were no stock exchange in England in the 1700's.
C.The price of stock is not stable.
D.The stockbrokers do the transaction without charging for the stockholders.
A B C D
C
[解析] 根据文章第一段第二句,“There were no stock...”可知,选项B错误;根据文章第三段最后一句,“The stockbrokers receive...”可知,选项D错误;根据文章最后一段第一句和最后两句可知,选项A错误;根据文章最后一段第二句,“Prices of stock change...”可知,答案为C。
5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A.the Wall Street
B.the stock exchange
C.the stock
D.the stockholder and stockbroker
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据对整篇文章的理解,可知,答案为B。
Passage Four During his lifetime Alfred Nobel reaped millions of dollars in profits from his invention and manufacture of high explosives. Some of these greatly increased the killing power of weapons and so made war more terrible. Nobel, nevertheless, left much of his fortune for the promotion of world peace as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and the encouragement of literary achievement. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Oct. 21,1833. Alfred was a sickly child. He was educated at home. Instead of going to high school he traveled widely. He learned chemistry and mechanical engineering in private studies and study abroad. At 21, he joined his father and brother in St. Petersburg. The father had begun some experiments with nitroglycerin but had abandoned them. Alfred resumed these experiments and invented a blasting cap, made of fulminate of mercury, to fire a charge of nitroglycerin. The cap was a very important development. Although still sickly, Nobel took charge of the family business. In 1863 he returned to Sweden and set up a small factory to make nitroglycerin. A year later a terrific explosion destroyed the plant and killed five people. One was his youngest brother, Emil. Nobel, however, refused to give up his work and moved the plant to a barge moored in a lake. Further tragedies occurred. In 1866, after disastrous explosions at world ports, many nations forbade their vessels to carry nitroglycerin. Nobel then sought to make the explosive safer to handle. He found the answer in dynamite. The invention made Nobel wealthy. He spent the next ten years setting up plants in the United States and Europe. In 1876 he patented blasting gelatin, a combination of guncotton and nitroglycerin. In 1878 he and his brothers developed oil fields in Russia. He invented ballistite in 1888, one of the first smokeless powders. Nobel never married. He found recreation in his laboratory and in writing poetry in imitation of his idol, Percy Bysshe Shelley. In later years he traveled throughout Europe and had homes in Paris, in Stockholm, and in San Remo, Italy. In 1876 he met Bertha Kinsky (later Baroness von Suttner), a Bohemian noblewoman. In letters to Nobel over several years she developed his ideas for world peace. Nobel's bequest for a peace prize was largely in tribute to her, though he was somewhat doubtful of the effectiveness of the pacifist movement. He died in 1896 at San Remo, leaving the executors of his will to work out the details of administering the Nobel prizes.
1. Nobel made a fortune out of ______.
A.his promotion of world peace
B.his advancement of scientific knowledge
C.his encouragement of literary achievement
D.his invention and manufacture of high explosives
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第一段第一句,“During his lifetime...”可知,答案为D。
2. Nobel resumed the experiments his father had abandoned and ______.
A.succeeded in finishing his self-education
B.used nitroglycerin for the first time
C.invented nitroglycerin
D.made a very important development
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第二段最后两句,“Alfred resumed these experiments...”可知,答案为D。
3. Nobel invented dynamite, which ______.
A.was more powerful than nitroglycerin
B.made the explosive safer
C.caused disastrous explosions
D.frightened many nations
A B C D
B
[解析] 根据文章第三段最后两句,“Nobel then sought to...”可知,答案为B。
4. Which of the following is true about Nobel?______
A.Nobel helped the U. S. become wealthy by setting up plants.
B.Nobel was one of the first inventors of ballistite
C.Nobel went to Russia to develop oil fields with smokeless powders.
D.Nobel combined guncotton and nitroglycerin to form blasting gelatin.
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章第四段第三句,“...a combination of guncotton and...”可知,答案为D。
5. Bertha Kinsky ______.
A.helped Nobel become one of the leading pacifists in the world
B.was the first woman to win a Nobel peace prize
C.made Nobel change his will
D.developed Nobel's ideas for world peace
A B C D
D
[解析] 根据文章最后一段第五句,“In letters to Nobel over several years...”可知,答案为D。
PART TWO
Ⅱ.Summarization Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
1. First, they use the sun. Just getting rough direction from the sun is easy. It rises somewhere toward the east and sets somewhere toward the west. Getting accurate direction from the sun takes more care. You need to pay attention to the time of the year. Then you need to watch the path of the sun closely at each hour of the day. To tell direction accurately from the sun, a person needs to know the exact time. To j______ directions by the sun.
2. Here is one way it is done. The robot is given certain information about the size and shape of a baseball. Then it analyzes pictures taken by its "eye", which is really a camera. The robot transforms the thousands of dots that compose the picture into zeroes and ones, depending on how dark each dot is. Robot's s______ for playing baseball.
3. All plants and animals that have been studied carefully (including humans)seem to have build-in clocks. They know the time naturally and correctly without any help from outside. To have a b______ clock.
biological
[解析] 本段落的主旨是自然界中的动植物都有生物钟。答案为biological。
4. Willpower is not some unchangeable characteristics we are born with. It is skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. For every obstacle we want to overcome, we need willpower, which is an inner strength that will push us to confront challenge and keep us going. Willpower can be n______.
5. One system using solar energy to clean up pollution in water has banks of moving mirrors that focus sunlight onto a waterfall of waste water. The other method reflects light from a mirrored trough onto waste water flowing through glass tubes. The solar purifiers will reduce concentration of organic pollutants to a few parts per billion. Two methods for water t______ with solar energy.
treatment
[解析] 本段落的主旨是利用太阳能净化水的两种方法。答案为treatment。
6. Programming robots to interpret what their sensors pick up is a tough task. Remember, silicon brains handle information, including sensory data, as zeroes and ones. Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a baseball looks like—using only zeroes and ones. D______ for robot playing baseball.
7. Donnellan said, "We're "making progress at a rapid pace, and I believe that it won't be that many years before we're able to reduce the forecast probabilities from hundreds of miles and fifty years, to tens of miles and five to' ten years. We can't stop earthquakes from happening, but with that kind of forecast accuracy, we'll be much better prepared for them when they do." V______ about future earthquake forecast.
8. Engineers at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque have built two different systems that use ultraviolet light from the sun to break up toxic chemicals in water. This is a big improvement over conventional water treatment system, which only filter toxic chemicals out, leaving the problem of disposal. New e______ on water treatment.
9. High salaries in the electricity, telecommunications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cutting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country's widening income gap. A draft directive document has been worked out for this purpose. The need to n______ the income gap.
10. The popularity of rivalries fueled the attraction of the game (baseball) and caused it to become the national pastime. The sport transformed from being a game of amateurs into a sport played by professionals. With that transformation, the innocence of baseball had been lost. Baseball t______ to a professional sport.
Ⅲ.Vocabulary Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet. The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite life patterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer than our great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years, it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game of trade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness, and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, hut at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you've passed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years to experience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time. WHEN ARE YOU SMARTEST? From 18 to 25, according to IQ scores; but you are more experienced with increasing age. You're sharpest in your 20's; around 30, memory begins to decline, particularly your ability to perform mathematical computations. "But your IQ for other tasks climbs," says Berkeley psychologist Arthur Jensen. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example, is three times as great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. This tradeoff between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologist Dr. Leopold Bellak to suggest that "maturity quotients" (MQs instead of IQs) be adopted for adults. WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15 to 25; for women 15 to 30. "A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins. "His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infection is highest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients." Women, for reasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health begins to decline when the body process called anabolism (cell growth) is overtaken by the opposite process, catabolism (cell death). "Cells have been dying since birth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying faster than they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat.
1. that can be seen or told in advance (Para. 1)
predictable
[解析] in advance指提前、预先。短语指看到、或被告知。句中predictable可预测的符合题干的意思。答案为predictable。