Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. "To be very careful and correct in one's behaviour" is synonymous to ______.
A."Mr. Right"
B."keep one's own company"
C."to mind one's p's and q's"
D."to keep one's nose clean"
A B C D
C
[考点] 本题主要考查英语中有关人生哲学的成语。 to be very careful and correct in one's behaviour的意思是“言行小心谨慎”,和to mind one's p's and q's的意思相近。
2. In English culture, "old" is associated with all the following EXCEPT ______.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. Affective meaning is communicated when ______ are expressed directly or indirectly in language.
2. When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say "______."
A.It's very nice
B.This is really what I want
C.It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much
D.How much is it? Thank you very much
A B C D
AB
[考点] 本题主要考查对收到礼物时的应答。 当收到礼物时,讲英语的人总是当着送礼人的面打开礼物,然后说几句夸奖的话,如:It is very nice, This is really what I want等。
3. "______" can he said as a reply to thanks.
A.You're welcome
B.It's OK
C.It's my duty
D.It's my pleasure
A B C D
ABD
[考点] 本题主要考查对致谢的应答。 英语中最常用的对感谢的应答语有Not at all, Don't mention it, You're welcome, It's my pleasure,It's OK等。
4. When most of English speaking people meet for the first time, they often say something like "______."
A.I'm pleased to meet you
B.How is everything
C.It's nice to meet you
D.It's nice to have met you
A B C D
AC
[考点] 本题主要考查讲英语的人初次见面时的用语。 大多数讲英语的人在第一次见面时经常说:I'm pleased to meet you或It's nice to meet/know you,而在分别时常说:It's nice to have met you。How is everything只是讲英语的人打招呼的一种方式。
5. The allusion "a Damocles sword" is derived from ______.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Analytic thinking interacts with English, while ______ thinking interacts with Chinese.
holistic
2. In English, "well" can be used to express ______, hesitation, and relief.
surprise
3. The prefix "super-" and suffixes "-logy", "-ics" are all from ______.
Greek
4. "Each cross hath its own inscription" is related to ______ because in it the word "cross" appears.
Christianity
5. ______ are one type of idioms, consisting of a verb and a particle in most cases.
Phrasal verbs
6. "To have a tendency to stretch the truth" simply means to ______.
lie
7. "拜读了大作" can be translated into "______".
I've read your paper
8. The term "______" refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete meaning.
text
9. The word "cookie" is from ______.
Dutch
10. In a news report, the most salient feature of the headline is omission or the frequent use of the ______ tense.
present
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What is artistic thinking?
Artistic thinking refers to thinking in which images are particularly attended to.
2. How are introductions conducted in English?
In English culture the general rule is to introduce a young person to an older one, a man to a woman, an inferior to a superior, the guest to the host, and an individual to a group.
3. Why do Chinese people use "请" less extensively and frequently than "please" used in English?
Because there are many terms of respect (eg.您、高寿、贵府、尊姓、令堂)in Chinese which can also be used to show courtesy.
4. What does the euphemistic expression "to go west" mean and how is it derived?
It means "to die" and is derived from the Sun sinking in the west.
Ⅴ. Translation
1. It's a long time since he went west.
他去世很长一段时间了。
2. It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
肯定在下雪,外面这么亮。
3. Wine makes all kinds of creatures at table.
酒使人丑态百出(酒桌上人原形毕露)。
4. 您有何高见?
What's your opinion?
5. 谋事在人,成事在天。
Man proposes, God disposes.
6. 称呼语用于招呼别人,引起其注意。
Vocatives are used to address others to draw their attention.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?
Because the components in the English sentences are linked through the use of conjunctions, while those in Chinese sentences are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation/intonation.
2. What are the commonly used euphemisms related to education in English? Are euphemisms frequently used in Chinese educational institution?
In English, Euphemisms are frequently used in education. A "slow" student becomes one who can "do better work with help". A "lazy" student becomes an "underachiever". A student who "cheats in class" becomes one who "depends on others to do his/her work". Those who lie or steal are said to "have a tendency to stretch the truth" or to "take over other's things without permission". In contrast, euphemisms are not used so frequently in schools and universities in China. Chinese teachers, especially those who work in primary schools are still telling the unpleasant "truth". "笨", "蠢", "傻瓜" are still heard from time to time in classrooms.