Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. The word "interpersonal" consists of ______ morphemes.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.
1. Language is ______ used in the communication of thought.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Only human beings possess what can be called ______ in the true sense of the term.
language
2. The system of meaning shaped in a particular cultural context is ______.
Culture-specific
3. The English equivalent for "挂钟" is "______".
wall clock
4. ______ means skimming across water on skis while being towed by a motorboat.
Water skiing
5. "______" derived from cock-fighting, is a symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.
The white feather
6. The British English for "货物标" is "______".
label
7. "How old are you" is an ______ question when you talk with English speakers.
impolite
8. "______" is signified by moving several times the hand whose forefinger touches one's own cheek.
Shame on you
9. ______ refer to laws, agreements, contracts, guarantees, etc.
Legal documents
10. ______ time orientation deals with the way cultures perceive and use time.
Cultural
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Why do we say that culture is a historical phenomenon?
Because each generation inherits the culture which is established by its forefathers.
2. What does "a white hope" refer to?
A while hope refers to a talented person who is thought likely to bring success or victory.
3. Give a brief introduction to "cooperative principle".
Cooperative principle was proposed by H.P. Grice for the analysis of natural conversations. According to him, till participants make their own contributions to the conversation going on, and cooperate to render the conversation a smooth and successful one. Under this principle, four categories of maxims are distinguished. The first one is that of quantity: give the fight amount of information, that is, tell your hearers no more or no less information than necessary.
4. What are the qualities or characteristics of eye behaviours?
The qualities or characteristics of eye behaviours are saliency, arousal and involvement.
Ⅴ. Translation
1. Carry coals to Newcastle.
背煤上煤都,多此一举。
2. Your face is glowing with health.
你真是红光满面。
3. Wine is old men's milk.
婴儿离不开奶,老汉离不开酒。
4. 不要以貌取人。
You can't judge a person according to his or her appearance.
5. 人生不过是移动的影子。
Life is but a walking shadow.
6. 为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。
He that serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?
There are differences in the verbal conventions between English speakers and the Chinese people when they make telephone calls. When the English person who answers the telephone has introduced himself or herself, the person calling will do a self-introduction, too. A Chinese who answers the telephone is not expected to provide personal information until he or she knows who is calling. The Chinese people are generally more cautious than English speakers. They are not willing to tell their names to strangers. English speakers never forget to say good-bye each other before they hang up the receiver. Chinese speakers usually do not say good-bye. Courtesy is very important to conversations in English over the telephone.
2. What are the contrasts between English and Chinese touching behaviours?
English speakers do not touch one another often. However, Chinese speakers touch one another even less frequently. In English speaking countries emotional bodily contact such as kissing, shoulder clapping, hugging are acceptable at crowded public places; In China, however, one can seldom see anywhere two persons kissing or hugging each other. Another contrast of touching behaviours is that in English culture touching or bodily contact between members of the opposite sex is more acceptable or tolerable than that between persons of the same sex. In China, however, touching behaviours between members of the same sex are more acceptable or tolerable than those between people of the opposite sex.