A.Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.10. presidential campaign
A.Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:“well, Fred, I don't mind telling you my secret. I'm part of a noble family. I have just found out this afternoon.”
译文:“好吧,弗雷德,我可不在乎把这个秘密讲给你听,我是一个高尚的家庭的成员哩。这是我今天下午刚刚发现的。”
“好吧,弗雷德,我可不在乎把这个秘密讲给你听,我是一个贵族家庭的成员哩。这是我今天下午刚刚发现的。”
[解析] 翻译时往往需要考虑文化、历史等背景因素,原译文就是忽略了英语国家的历史文化因素,仅仅按字面意思理解将“noble family”译成“高尚的家庭”,实则为“贵族家庭”。
2. 原文:The importance of this conference can not be overestimated.
译文:这次会议的重要性不能被过分强调。
这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。
[解析] 这句话关键在于英语句型结构的理解,cannot...over...译为“怎样……也不过分”。
3. 原文:These oils may be bought at any chemist's.
译文:这些(鱼肝)油在任何一位化学家的家里都可以买到。
这些(鱼肝)油在任何一家药店都可以买到。
[解析] “chemist's”在科技文中意为“药店”。
4. 原文:I made myself a calendar which showed two hundred and fifty days, the exact number I should have to endure in this house.
译文:我给自己画了一个日历,上面有250天,这就是我要在这户人家熬过的确切数目。
我给自己画了一个日历,上面有250天,这就是我要在这户人家熬过的确切天数。
[解析] 翻译时要注意上下文的联系,the exact number在此是指上文的“days”,因此应译为“天数”。
5. 原文:what makes the Industrial Revolution especially English? Obviously, it began in England.
译文:什么使工业革命特别是英国的呢?不言而喻,因为它始于英国。
为什么工业革命具有英国特色呢?不言而喻,因为它开始于英国。
[解析] 结合历史知识和上下文可看出,此处especially English意为“having English characteristics”,即“具有英国特色”。
B.Correct or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:我已经提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
译文:I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and he has also fulfilled his assigned work ahead of schedule.
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule,and so has he.
[解析] 原译文太过累赘和重复,因此可以用地道的英语句式“so+助动词+代词”来表达和上文重复或意思相近的话。
2. 原文:欢迎你来参加英语角活动!
译文:Welcome you to join our English corner activities!
You are welcome to join our English corner activities! (Welcome to join our English corner activities!)
[解析] 汉译英时切忌生搬硬套,逐字对应地翻译。“欢迎某人做某事”应译为“sb. is/are welcome to do sth.”。
3. 原文:从图书馆借来的那本书已经找到。
译文:The book which was borrowed from the library had been found.
The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.
[解析] 原译文没有弄清时间上的逻辑顺序。“借”在先,“找到”在后,故为“had been borrowed”和“was found”。
4. 原文:要作出决定,你应该考虑各种因素。
译文:To make a decision, everything should be taken into consideration.
To make a decision,you should take everything into consideration.
[解析] 不定式没有语法上的主语,但是有逻辑主语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。此句中“to make a decision”的主语是人,因此主句的主语也应为人,即“you”。
5. 原文:农村发展的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。
译文:The issue of countryside development has raised on such a basis.
The issue of countryside development has been raised on such a basis.
[解析] 汉语里的被动语态远没有英语里的被动语态多。汉语更多的是以主动语态来表示被动含义,在译成英文时就必须译成被动语态了。“提出问题”实际上也就是“问题被人提出”,故可译为“issue...has been raised”。
A.Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1.
Obama also called climate change and nuclear proliferation "challenges that neither of our nations can solve by acting alone". He said the two will continue to "build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship".
奥巴马也把气候变化和核扩散称为“两国都无法单方面应对的挑战”。
[解析] 原句中“call sth...”译为“把……称为……”。此外,that引导的从句修饰challenges,英语中定语从句后置,但是汉语的定语却习惯前置,放在被修饰的名词前面。因此,应注意适当调整语序。
2. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn much from each other in fundamental ways.
The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life.
中国人可以从西方人发现科学真理的方法中学到许多东西。
[解析] 本句采用直译的方法,只做局部的语序调整。要注意的是“determine”一词的含义应根据上下文分析,在此应理解为“发现”,而非“确定,决定”。
3.
The two leaders already met once over diner Monday night, shortly after Obama arrived in the frigid Chinese capital from Shanghai. National security adviser James L. Jones described that meeting as an "informal diner discussion" in which the two leaders discussed "the evolution and histories of China and the United States".
周一晚上,在奥巴马由上海抵达寒冷的中国首都不久,两位领导人就已经在晚宴上见了一面。
[解析] 本句翻译要注意英汉两种语言的表达习惯的差异。英语中习惯将主语和事件或动作先说,而把时间、地点等状语放在后面。但汉语却习惯先交代时间、地点,再说发生了什么。因此,翻译时将shortly after引导的时间状语从句提前了。
4.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits.
竞争可以确保没有权力垄断,从而保障个人自由。
[解析] 本句翻译时需注意前后的逻辑关系,即“先确保没有权力垄断才能保证个人自由”。by引导的方式状语可以译为“通过……”,但为了使句子更加灵活,更符合汉语习惯,此处可以省略不译。
5. All this reminds me of a theme that runs through my head like a line of music.
Its message is profoundly simple, and profoundly mysterious also: Life goes on. That is all there is to it. Everything that is ,was; and everything that is, will be.
它所传递的信息平淡无奇,却又奥妙无穷:生命在不断延续。
[解析] 译文采用直译法,适当增加词语,如“所传递的”,来补全句意,使句意的表述更加具体。而“平淡无奇”和“奥妙无穷”不仅生动形象,而且也贴合了原文中的两个“profoundly”,可将其译为“无奇”和“无穷”。
B.Translate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 我们发展经济的目的就是满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求,就是让老百姓生活越来越好。
“十二五”规划中,我们特别强调民生,把它作为规划的出发点和落脚点。
In the 12th Five-Year Plan,we put high emphasis on people's livelihood, making it the starting point as well as the final aim of the plan.
[解析] 本句中有“十二五规划”“民生”等具有中国特色的词语,它们都有惯用的译法,一般不能随意改动。原句中“强调”是谓语动词,译文中将其名词化,用了“put emphasis on”,且将后半句通过现在分词作状语的方式表达,使句子更符合英文的习惯。
2. 我们的传统节日大都与古代的农业生产紧密相连。当我们告别农耕社会奔赴工业社会之后,
传统节日在工业大生产时代功能开始式微。
The function of traditional festivals began to decline in a time of industrial mass production.
[解析] 原句为“主谓”结构,译文采用直译法,以“功能”为主语,含义准确,结构合理。
3.
已经看得越来越清楚了,市场不是万能的,也有它的局限。因此,采取立法手段或者使用国家宏观调控手段,对涉及国计民生的某些领域进行调节,就是非常必要的了。
It has become more and more clear that the market is not all-powerful and that it has certain limitations.
[解析] 原句中“已经看得越来越清楚了”并无明显的主语,“看”的主语显然是人,但译文处理时巧妙地采用逻辑主语it的方式,将“市场不是万能的,也有它的局限”这一事实作为主语,避免使主语太长,更符合英语的表达习惯。
4. 为什么奶油比黄油更容易变质?
有些研究人员认为他们已经找到了答案,归结起来就是:奶油与黄油的物理结构不同,而非化学成分有异。
Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition.
[解析] 原句的原因用一句话表达,即“物理结构不同,而非化学成分有异”,而译文将其简化为两个名词结构“structure”和“chemical composition”,同样传达了原句的意思,避免了累赘和重复。另外,用it comes to表原因,符合英文的表达习惯,言简意赅。
5. 尽管中国农业进一步发展面临不少困难,但我们仍将不懈努力,用行动来兑现诺言,要依靠自己的力量解决好吃饭问题。
我们愿与世界各国携手奋进,共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫困、可持续发展的世界。
We are ready to work with countries around the world to create a world of sustainable development that is free from hunger and poverty.
[解析] 原句“携手奋进”译为work with,言简意赅;原句修饰“世界”的定语有三个,分别为“无饥饿、无贫困、可持续发展”,译文用一个介词of和短语be free from连接这三个定语,既简洁又达意,符合英语的语言习惯。其中be free from意为“免于……”。
A.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. We are still in the middle of the Industrial Revolution. We had better be, for we have many things to put right in it. But it has made our world richer, smaller, and for the first time ours. And I mean that literally: our world, everybody' s world.
From its earliest beginnings, when it was still dependent on water power, the Industrial Revolution was terribly cruel to those whose lives and livelihood it overturned. Revolutions are—it is their nature, because by definition revolutions move too fast for those whom they strike. We still live in the middle of the Industrial Revolution and find it hard to see its implications, but the future will say of it that in the ascent of man it is a step, a stride, as powerful as the Renaissance. The Renaissance established the dignity of man. The Industrial Revolution established the unity of nature.
我们现在仍处于工业革命之中,这样最好,因为我们在此过程中还有许多东西需要加以纠正。但工业革命已使我们这个世界变得更富、更小,而且第一次成为我们的世界。我说的就是字面上的意思:我们的世界,大家的世界。
工业革命最初以水为动力,从那时起,对于被它破坏生活、断绝生计的人们来说,它是极其残酷的。革命就是这样——这是革命的本性,因为革命的本义就是要快速前进,而革命的对象是跟不上它的步伐的。既然我们仍处于工业革命之中,就难以看出它的影响,但将来人们回顾这段历史时,会说它是人类进程中跨出的一步,一大步,和文艺复兴具有同样大的力量。文艺复兴确立了人的尊严。工业革命则确立了大自然的统一。
[解析] (1)第一段无隐含意义或较难理解的字词,因此采用直译法。需注意直译并非逐字翻译,如in the middle of不可译为“在……中间”;in it也不可直接译为“在工业革命里”,而是结合常识和汉语的特点译为“在此过程中”。
(2)第二段第一句译文的语序有了较大调整这是因为英汉两种语言的表达习惯不同 将“以水为动力”先说,再说“从那时起”,小分句的形式更加汉语化;将定语从句those whose lives and livelihood it overturned提前,译为“对……人来说”。结合上下文,for those whom they strike 译为“革命对象”。the future will say of it that in the ascent of man,此句中future是不会说话的,说话的是人,因此译为“将来人们回顾这段历史时会说……”,这更符合汉语的表达习惯。
B.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation On the Answer Sheet.1. 立足国内资源,实现粮食基本自给,是中国解决粮食供需问题的基本方针。中国将努力促进粮食增产,确保在正常情况下粮食自给率不低于95%,净进口量不超过国内消费量的5%。
现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给,在未来的发展过程中,中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给,客观上具备诸多有利因素。根据中国农业自然资源、生产条件、技术水平和其他发展条件,粮食增产潜力很大。
The basic principle for solving the problem of grain supply and demand in China is to rely on the domestic resources and basically achieve self-sufficiency in grain.China endeavors to increase its grain production so that its self-sufficiency rate of grain under normal conditions will be above 95 percent and the net import rate 5 percent, or even less than the total consumption quantity.
China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. Natural agricultural resources, production conditions, technical level and some other conditions ensure great potential in this respect.
[解析] 第一段第一句对原文的语序做了较大调整。汉语习惯先阐述内容,再得出结论;而英语则相反。因此,英译时将basic principle提前,将具体内容放在后面。同时,汉语习惯先表述条件,再陈述结果;先表明时间,再叙述事件;英语则相反。因此,第二段第一句的语序也做了调整,将there are many favorable objective factors提前,而将in the course of future放在句尾。最后一句,根据逻辑关系,前者是粮食增产的保障,因此用ensure一词概括前后关系,使句子更简洁。