A.Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. foreign exchange dealing
A.Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:China's vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress over recent years, have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy.
译文:中国地大物博,近年来经济迅猛发展,这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一个越来越重要的游戏者。
中国地大物博,近年来经济迅猛发展,这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为越来越重要的一员。
[解析] player一词多义,在句中player的主语是“中国”,故应翻译为“一分子、参与者”而不是“游戏者”。
2. 原文:Workers may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly, as well as for serious violations of law.
译文:工人们如果渎职就会被撤职,并被视为严重违法。
工人们渎职跟严重违法一样都会被撤职。
[解析] as well as意为“也,又,和……一样”。分析句子可知其连接了两个for引导的原因状语。
3. 原文:The production of various electron tubes has been increased four times as against 1958.
译文:各种电子管的产量比1958年增加了四倍。
各种电子管的产量比1958年增加了三倍。(或:各种电子管的产量是1958年的四倍。)
[解析] increase X times as...表示“增加到X倍,增加了X-1倍”。
4. 原文:It's true that many new homes are rising in many old cornfields. But for the most part, life in the vast area of American heartland remains pretty much the same as it was 30 or 40 years ago.
译文:诚然,往昔的玉米地里矗立起一座座住宅。但大体上,美国中部广大地区的生活依然很美好,恰如三四十年前一样。
诚然,美国中部广大地区往昔的玉米地里矗立起一座座新住宅。但大体上,那里的生活与三四十年前相比没有多大变化。
[解析] 原译文对原句中pretty much the same as it was 30 or 40 years ago部分的理解有误。要注意比较结构的翻译。英语中比较结构的使用频率比汉语高,对比较结构要正确理解和灵活变通。
5. 原文:Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics.
译文:爱因斯坦发展了相对论,他是通过数学得出这一结论的。
创立了相对论的爱因斯坦是通过数学得出这一理论的。
[解析] 原译文对句子的逻辑关系理解错误。原句中who引导的定语从句是修饰爱因斯坦的定语,而不是结果,因此把定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,翻译在定语从句先行词的前面。
B.Correct or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:他养成了大量阅读的习惯,因而在头脑中储存了很多有价值的信息。
译文:He formed the habit of reading a great deal. Thus storing his mind with much valuable information.
He formed the habit of reading a great deal, thus storing Iris mind with much valuable information.
[解析] thus storing...是现在分词短语,在句中作结果状语,所以不能把它单独作为一个句子。
2. 原文:从汽车的挡风玻璃望过去,我们远远就看见了那座宝塔。
译文:Looking out of our windshield, the pagoda would be seen by US in the distance.
Looking out of our windshield, we could see the pagoda in the distance.
[解析] 现在分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句中的主语保持一致,looking的逻辑主语是人,因此主句主语应为we。
3. 原文:深圳人自己总结经验,由内向型转为外向型经济。
译文:The people in Shenzhen reviewed their experience and decided to shift the zone's economy from an incoming orientation to an external orientation.
The people in Shenzhen reviewed their experience and decided to shift the zone's economy from a domestic orientation to an external orientation.
[解析] domestically-orientated economy内向型经济。
4. 原文:理论上看起来容易的事情做起来却往往非常困难。
译文:That seems easy in theory is often immensely difficult to achieve.
what seems easy in theory is often immensely difficult to achieve.
[解析] “理论上看起来容易的事情”在句中作主语,又是从句,并在从句中作主语,因此引导主语从句应用引导词what。
5. 原文:为了推动中美关系的发展,中国需要进一步了解美国,美国也需要进一步了解中国。
译文:To promote the development of Sino-US relations, China needs to know the United Stales better and the United States needs to know China better.
To promote the development of Sino-US relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.
[解析] 汉语不怕重复,多用实称,少用代称;英语不喜重复,多用代称或省略。vice versa反之亦然。
A.Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. Conflict is not inherent in a nation's rise.
The United States in the 20th century is an example of a state achieving eminence without conflict with the then-dominant countries.
20世纪的美国就是一个例证,它在脱颖而出的过程中并没有与当时占主导地位的国家发生冲突。
[解析] 原句是一个完整的长句,通过介词短语和分词连接,但译文将其拆分成两个分句。这是因为英语惯用长句,而汉语多用短小的分句。另外,achieving eminence译为“脱颖而出”,生动形象,符合当时的历史背景。
2.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even if government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.
商业机构是具有竞争性的组织,而政府则是垄断组织,二者经常被拿来进行对比。
[解析] 原句句式灵活,两个定语从句分别修饰“商业机构”和“政府”。译文若将其译为前置定语会显得累赘,因此译为两个小分句,符合汉语的语言习惯。
3. For fermentation to take place you need raw material, or feed stock, as it is known in the biofuels industry.
Anything will do as long as it can be broken down into sugars, with the byproduct ideally burnt to produce electricity to run the plant.
任何东西只要能分解为糖都可以利用。理想的做法是,用其副产品燃烧发电可维持工厂自身的运转。
[解析] 根据上文理解,本句中anything will do译为“可利用,能奏效”;with引导的结构作伴随状语,但因其表达了另一个完整的意思而将其译为一个独立句子,并将副词ideally提前。
4.
Small-scale farmers are the backbone of African agriculture. About 70-percent of the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa are small-scale farmers. They produce about 80-percent of the food need in Africa.
小规模农户是非洲农业的支柱。撒哈拉以南非洲大约70%的农村人口是小规模农户。
[解析] backbone译为“支柱”,sub-Saharan是指“撒哈拉沙漠以南的”。另外汉语习惯将时间、地点状语置于句首,因此先说“撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲”这一事件发生的地点。
5. Of even more concern: we are stuck in a painful jobs crisis.
200 million people around the world are looking for work today—if the unemployed formed their own country, it would be the fifth largest in the world.
今天,全世界还有2亿人正在找工作。如果失业人口自成一国,那将成为世界第五大国。
[解析] 形容词前加the后可以指代相应的名词,因此the unemployed译为“失业人口”。
B.Translate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. 据有关部门统计,我国的一个中等城市每年产生的塑料废弃物可满足20家小型塑料企业的原料需求。
开发利用废旧塑料资源既可有效治理污染,又可创造巨大的经济效益,是一件利国利民的绿色环保事业。
The exploitation of waste plastics not only can bring pollution under effective control, but also can create huge economic returns.
[解析] 原句主语为“开发利用废旧塑料资源”,“开发”为动词,译句将其转换为名词exploitation,更符合英语语言多用名词的特点。谓语部分的关联词“既……又……”译为“not only...but also...”;“有效治理”用词组“bring sth. under control”表示。
2.
人们如果在雾中锻炼或散步,随着活动量的增加,呼吸加深、加快,就会更多地吸入有害物质,极易诱发或加重气管炎、咽喉炎、结膜炎等诸多病症。
If we do physical exercises or go for a walk in foggy weather, we'll breathe in more harmful substances with the amount of exercise increased and our breath deepened and quickened.
[解析] 原句中“随着活动量的增加……”是伴随状语,在英译的if引导的条件状语从句中,用with+过去分词结构作伴随状语来表示并置于句末。且原句中表示主动的“增加、加快”转换为英语中表示被动的过去分词,这符合表示客观事物时英语多用被动、汉语多用主动的语言习惯。
3.
事实上,无论是在中国还是在欧洲,几乎所有的重要传统节日都面临着很大的危机。作为文化身份认同仪式的节日,都打上了太多全球化时代的烙印。
In fact, nearly all the important traditional festivals, either in China or in Europe, are facing great crisis.
[解析] 原句为“主谓宾”结构,“无论是在中国还是在欧洲”在句中作让步状语,两者中选择可以用either...or...表达。
4.
在美国,行人闯红灯,司机们怕,只要人车相遇,不管谁有理,车都是无理的。中国不少司机往往在快撞到人时,忽然来个急刹车,然后探出头来破口大骂。
In America, drivers are afraid of pedestrians going against a red light, for as long as a man-car collision happens, the fault is always on the car, no matter who is really to blame.
[解析] “闯红灯”译为“to go against a red light”。原句小分句较多,是典型的汉语表达法,而英语译文则尽量用主从复合的长句表达。“司机”为主语,“怕”是谓语,而宾语则为“行人闯红灯”,因此宾语用动名词going against...。“车都是无理的”这句属于意译,同样完整准确地表达了原文的意思。应注意灵活理解原文,避免逐字对照翻译。
5. 考试降低了教学标准,因为它剥夺了老师的一切自由。
对老师自身的评定往往取决于考试结果,他们不是在教授自己的学科,而是在降低自己的水平,训练学生掌握自己也瞧不起的考试技巧。
Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.
[解析] 原句可以看作两个分句,第一个分句中“老师”是主语,“评定老师”是谓语,第二个分句里,主语为“他们(老师)”,谓语和宾语分别为“降低”和“自己的水平”,“训练学生”和“教授自己的学科”则同为目的状语。因此,译文整体由and连接,be reduced to doing sth. 意为“使某人沦为做某事”。
A.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. The central government has taken the unprecedented step of giving children across the country a special lesson on their first day of school—how to survive natural disasters. This comes in the wake of the devastating Sichuan earthquake in May, 2008, which left 88,000 people dead or missing. In response, Beijing ordered China Central Television to produce a programme to teach students how to survive during emergencies.
The First Lesson of the Beginning of the School Term, will he aired on CCTV tonight and is required viewing for all mainland school students. The Ministry of Education has also instructed all primary and secondary schools to implement each safety measure presented in the programme and to plan for any contingency. "After the school term opens, schools have to focus on carrying out safety education and safety drills," the ministry said.
中央政府采取了一项前所未有的措施——在开学的第一天为全国的学生开设一节特别课,教他们在自然灾难发生时如何自救。这项措施是在2008年5月份发生的四川大地震之后采取的,那场地震导致88000人死亡和失踪。针对这种情况,政府下令让中国中央电视台制作出一套节目来指导学生在紧急情况下如何自救。
《开学第一课》将于今晚在中央电视台播出,并要大陆各在校中、小学生都观看。教育部还指示所有中、小学校都要贯彻落实电视节目中的每一项安全措施并制定出对突发情况的应急方案。“学校开学后就应该重点进行安全教育和安全训练,”教育部说。
[解析] (1)第一段第一句是简单句,破折号之后是对“课程”内容的解释说明,但汉译时却将解释的主体定为“这项措施”,通过对句子结构的调整译文更通畅明白。第二句主从复合句,which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰earthquake,由于定语较长,不宜前置,因此将其译为独立的单句。而in the wake of意为“随……而来的,紧随……的”。第三句也是简单句,但主语Beijing实指“政府”,to produce是动词不定式作宾语补足语,而to teach students则是动词不定式作目的状语。
(2)第二段第一句是并列复合句,主语为“The First Lesson of the Beginning of the School Term”,两个谓语will be aired和is required都是被动语态,但汉译时则转换为主动的“播出”和“要求”,这符合汉语多用主动的语言特点。第二句是结构为“主谓宾+宾补”的简单句,其中宾语补足语是两个并列的不定式to implement和to plan for,汉译时无需进行调整,直译即可。
B.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation 0n the Answer Sheet.1. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一,她的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在我们这片广大的领土上,广阔的肥田沃地,是我们的衣食之源;纵横全国的大小山脉,生长着茂密的森林,贮藏着丰富的矿产;众多的江河湖泽,给我们以舟楫和灌溉之利;而漫长的海岸线,为我们与海外各民族交往提供方便。自古以来,我们的祖先就劳动、生息、繁殖在这块广大的土地之上。
China is one of the largest countries in the world, her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing; mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits; many rivers and lakes provide US with water transport and irrigation, and a long coastline which facilitates communications with nations beyond the seas. From ancient times our forefathers have labored,lived and multiplied on this vast territory.
[解析] 原文一段话中共分三句,其中第二句由四个分句组成。译文沿用原文的基本结构,这样便于保持原文的风格和特点。原文第一句是并列复合句,译文则用简单句加独立主格结构的形式代替,其中her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe是独立主格结构作状语。第二句较长,其中第一小分句里,原文的主系表结构用there be句型表达,并由which引导定语从句。第二个分句结构也有变化,主语由“森林”转为“山脉”,谓语则为“纵横”,“生长着茂密的森林”则转换为with引导的伴随状语,这样更符合英语句子形合的特点。第三和第四个分句合译为一个并列复合句,且“主谓宾”的结构不变。最后二句为主谓结构,句意明了,直译即可。