A.Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:I am not for criticizing the spelling mistakes in your essay.
译文:我不是为了挑剔你文章中的拼写错误。
批评你文章中有拼写错误,我不赞同。
[考点] 动词短语“be for”的理解与翻译
[解析] 本题主要考查对短语的理解和翻译。be for sth.意为“支持或者赞成某事”,所以此句中的“I am not for...”应该译为“我不赞同……”,而不是“我不是为了……”。
2. 原文:Most national news has an important financial aspect to it.
译文:大多数国内新闻都有重要的金融方面。
大多数国内新闻都与重要的金融信息有关联。
[考点] 名词“aspect”的理解与翻译
[解析] 本题主要考查对名词的理解与翻译。aspect虽有“方面”之意,但是翻译时要结合具体的语境进行具体分析。原译文太过于直译,没有灵活运用语言,并且没有译出to it的真实含义。此处的aspect应该意译为“信息”;has an important financial aspect to it应该译为“与重要的金融信息有关联”。
3. 原文:Harnessing that energy for peaceful purposes has been a lot more difficult though there are good reasons to keep trying.
译文:为和平目的而控制这种能量向来就困难得多,虽然有很好的理由继续尝试。
把这种能量用于和平用途向来就困难得多,但继续尝试的理由还是很充分的。
[考点] 结构“harnessing...for peaceful purposes”和“there are good reasons to do sth.”的理解与翻译
[解析] 原译文对句子的理解不正确。harnessing...for peaceful purpose意为“把……用于和平用途”;there are good reasons to do sth.意为“有充分/很好的理由做某事”,此处译为“充分”更为合适。though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系,而不是让步关系,所以此处的though应译为“但是”。
4. 原文:I accept the finality of this outcome which will be ratified (确认) next Monday in the Electoral College (总统选举团).
译文:我接受了下星期一会在总统选举团会议上得到确认的这个不可改变的结果。
我接受了这个结果的不可改变性。下星期一,这个结果会在总统选举团会议上得到确认。
[考点] 定语从句的翻译
[解析] 本题主要考查定语从句的翻译。原译文把定语从句直接译在了所修饰名词的前面,造成了句子的冗杂和生硬,使译文难以理解。当定语从句较长时,可把句子拆分为两个句子进行翻译,即先把主句翻译出来,然后再把定语从句翻译为一个独立的句子,使译文更加清晰。
5. 原文:We are now discovering that regional and national differences in Europe are not dissolving and that their people think and act very differently from one another.
译文:我们现在正在发现,欧洲各国、各地区之间的差异并没有正在溶解,欧洲人的观念和做法更是千差万别。
我们渐渐发现,欧洲各国、各地区之间的差异依然存在,欧洲人的观念币¨做法更是千差万别。
[考点] 进行时的翻译:动词“dissolve”的正确理解与翻译
[解析] 原译文属于逐字翻译,句子过于生硬,不太符合汉语的表达习惯。此处的we are now discovering可以意译为“我们逐渐/渐渐发现”;are not dissolving可以意译为“依然存在”。翻译时要考虑到汉语的表达习惯,使译文更准确、更地道。
B. Correct or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences. Write your revised versions on the Answer Sheet.1. 原文:无论各企业完成该任务的情况是好是坏,它们所付出的努力都应得到政府的认可。
译文:No matter the enterprises perform this task well or badly, their efforts deserve the government's recognition.
No matter how well or badly the enterprises perform this task, their efforts deserve the government's recognition./However well or badly the enterprises perform this task, their efforts deserve the government's recognition.
[考点] “无论……”让步状语从句的翻译
[解析] 本题主要考查让步状语从句的翻译。“无论……”应该译为由no matter how或者however引导的让步状语从句,no matter how=however。
2. 原文:最令人触目惊心的一件事,是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下地移动,每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。
译文:It is most startling to see a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one's life by a little bit.
It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one's life by a little tilt.
[考点] 动词短语“看着钟表”的恰当翻泽
[解析] 本题主要考查对短语的翻译。原文中虽然是“看着”,但是翻译时要结合上下文的语境。由后面的clicking away the seconds可知,此处的“看着”译为hear更为贴切。each click indicating...a little bit为独立主格结构,由于each click和indicate之间是主动关系,所以用的是动词的现在分词形式。
3. 原文:有许多宝贵的品质是无法通过考试来评判的,这一点却常常被人所忽视。
译文:What is often neglected is that there are many valuable qualities cannot be evaluated by examinations.
What is often neglected is that there are many valuable qualities which cannot be evaluated by examinations./What is often neglected is that many valuable qualities cannot be evaluated by examinations.
[考点] 从句中谓语的确定
[解析] 本题主要考查there be句型。一个完整的英语句子中只有一个谓语,在there be句型中已经有了be动词作谓语,所以其后不能再直接跟可以充当谓语的动词。而原译文中却直接出现了两个谓语动词,即are和cannot be evaluated,因此应在cannot be evaluated前加上which,使其变为定语从句修饰qualities,也可去掉there be结构,使句式结构更为简单。
4. 原文:专家提醒说,雾对人体健康的危害有很大的隐蔽性。
译文:Experts caution that fog has great concealment of harmful effect on our health.
Experts caution that the harmful effect of fog on our health is often concealed.
[考点] 动词短语“有……隐蔽性”的准确翻译
[解析] 原译文太过直译,没有灵活运用语言。汉语经常使用主动语态,而英语中多使用被动语态,在翻译时可以根据具体情况进行灵活的转换。此处就可把整句话转换为被动语态,进而把名词“隐蔽性”改译为动词“被隐藏了”。
5. 原文:中国是个农耕古国,其生产周期与大自然四季一轮的周期同步。
译文:China has been an old agricultural country, its production cycle keeps in step with the cycle of the four seasons.
As China has been an old agricultural country, its production cycle coincides with the cycle of the four seasons.
[考点] 动词短语“与……同步”的准确翻译;分句间逻辑关系的理解与翻译
[解析] 本题主要考查分句之间的衔接。汉语中很少使用连词,但在英语的语法结构中,两个完整的英语句子之间要使用连词连接起来,因此在汉译英时要注意句子之间的衔接。至于使用哪种连词,要根据两个句子之间潜在的逻辑关系进行选择。此处的两个句子之间具有因果关系,前一句是原因,后一句为结果,所以应在前一句译文之前加上as。此外还要注意“与……同步”的翻译。keep in step with虽然也有“与……保持同步”的意思,但是却没有coincide with地道,因此译为“coincide with”更为合适。
A.Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. Poetry is a kind of "saying".
It is, however, a kind that many people, until they become well acquainted with it, feel rather peculiar and even useless. They feel this way for two reasons: the "way of the saying" and the "nature of the said".
但是,对于很多不了解诗歌的人来说,这种“说话”显得非常奇怪,甚至毫无用处。
[考点] 连词“until”的正确理解与翻译;定语从句的翻译
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,that引导的是定语从句,修饰a kind。until引导的是定语从句中的时间状语,直译为“直到他们对诗歌都很熟悉”,在此句中意译为“对于很多不了解诗歌的人来说”更符合汉语的表达习惯。
2. In 1863 the Football Association was established in England, and the rules of the game have remained essentially the same ever since.
Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular. The power of the British Empire meant that it became played in every corner of the world.
足球运动规则简单易行,而且不需要多少设施,因而这项运动迅速风靡英伦。
[考点] 名词词组“their relative simplicity”“need for little equipment”宜转译为主谓结构,不宜直译
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,that引导的句子作ensure的宾语。转换词性是英语翻译常用的方法,在一些短语中,作为中心词的名词常常翻译成动词。原句中的simplicity,need虽然均为名词,但是翻译时可以把它们转换成相应的动词,使译文更加地道,此处可把simplicity,need for little equipment分别译为“简单易行”“不需要多少设施”。此外还需要注意把句子之间潜在的因果关系翻译出来。
3. The international monetary system needs fundamental reform.
It is not the cause of the recent imbalances and current instability in the global economy, but it certainly has been ineffective in addressing them. So a broad set of reforms is required, beginning with an immediate expansion of the current system.
它并非是全球经济近来失衡和眼下不稳的根源,但的确尚未有效应对这些问题。
[考点] 动词“address”的理解与翻译
[解析] 原句是表转折的主从复合句,运用了转折连词but。该句翻译时以直译为主,并不需要进行句式或者词性之间的调整,但是要注意address的理解和翻译。此处的address并不是名词,而是动词,意为“应对,解决”。
4. In the early years of schooling, children are constantly encouraged to produce images, and to illustrate their written work.
Teachers comment on these illustrations as much as they do on the written part of the text, though perhaps not quite in the same vein.
老师像批改文字部分一样,给这些插图写评语。
[考点] “comment on”的正确理解与翻泽;同级比较结构“as...as...”的翻译
[解析] 原句是简单句,as...as为同级比较结构,意为“和……一样”;comment on意为“就……发表评论”,此处可结合语境翻译为“给……写评语”。
5. Conflict is not inherent in a nation's rise.
The United States in the 20th century is an example of a state achieving eminence without conflict with the then-dominant countries. Nor was the often-cited German-British conflict inevitable. Thoughtless and provocative policies played a role in transforming European diplomacy into a zero-sum game.
20世纪的美国就是一个例证,它在脱颖而出的过程中并没有与当时占据主导地位的国家发生冲突。
[考点] “of”介词短语作后置定语的翻译
[解析] 原句是简单句,句子的主要成分是The United States is an example,其后是of引导的介词短语作后置定语。由于of引导的后置定语过长,所以在翻译时可把其翻译成一个独立的句子,使译文更加简单明了。也就是说可以先翻译句子的主干结构,然后再把后置定语当成一个完整的句子翻译出来。
B.Translate the following underlined sentences into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1.
我们应该把注意力集中在自己所能控制的,而不是无能为力的事情上面。要培养信念,而不要助长恐惧。
We should focus on things we can control, not on things we cannot.
[考点] 名词“事情”的前置定语的翻译
[解析] 原句是简单的主谓宾结构,翻译时采取直译的方法即可。原文中的“无能为力的”和前面的“自己所能控制的”相对应,所以此处的“无能为力的事情”也可以理解为“自己不能控制的事情”,这样一来,后半句即可译为“not on things we cannot”,既可与前半句的句子结构保持一致,也可省译相同的谓语control。
2. 类似上海纽约大学等中外合作高校,将成为对广大考生和家长颇具吸引力的新选择。俞立中介绍说:
“我们招生的定位是优秀生源,会结合国内高考和美国纽约大学的人才考核评价模式选拔学生。”
Our target candidates are outstanding students who are selected on the basis of their grades in the college entrance examination plus their scores in the NYU's talent assessment.
[考点] 动词“选拔”的理解与翻译
[解析] 原句是并列复合句,而译文采用了主从复合句的形式、汉语中多用主动语态,英语中多用被动语态,所以在汉译英时可把对应的主动语态转换为相应的被动语态,即把主语提前,其后用be+动词的过去分词形式,此句即可把第二个分句中的“选拔学生”译为“学生被选拔”,进而把第二个分句译为定语从句修饰outstanding students。
3. 诺亚方舟(Noah's Ark)确实可以说是一件旷古绝今的工程杰作。实在是具有现代人值得学习的成分。
现代的科学和工艺虽然发达,有可能还造不出来跟诺亚时代一样的方舟来。
Although modern science and technologies have been well developed, it is still unlikely to build an ark as excellent as the one by Noah.
[考点] “有可能还造不出来……”结构在译文中否定的转移
[解析] 原句是复合句,第一个分句为让步状语从句,第二个分句为主句。在对主句进行翻译时,可采用形式主语的形式,即把“有可能还造不出来……”译为“it is unlikely to build...”,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为to引导的不定式结构。此时要注意译文中的否定前移,即把“可能造不出”译为了“不可能造出”。
4. 对于大多数城镇家庭来说,
住房、子女教育、医疗目前已成为家庭负担中的最主要部分,占据了他们收入的大部分。
Housing, children's education and medical care have currently become their heaviest burdens, accounting for a major part of their income.
[考点] 名词“住房”和“医疗”的准确翻译
[解析] 原句是并列复合句,两个分句的主语均是“住房、子女教育、医疗”这三个并列的成分,可分别直译为“housing, children's education and medical care”。此时要注意句子的谓语应用复数形式。翻译时既可把原句译为两个并列的句子,也可把第二个分句译为动名词短语引导的结果状语,“占据”可译为“account for”。
5. 其实,人体就是一个活生生的例子。
通常大家都认为细菌是有害的,殊不知人体如果没有了细菌,人是无法存活的。
It is generally believed that viruses are harmful, but scarcely does it come into our mind that a person cannot survive without them.
[考点] 衔接连词“but”和代词“them”的使用
[解析] 原句由三个小分句构成,第一个小分句是简单的主谓宾结构,第二个小分句和第三个小分句又构成一个主从复合句,第一个小分句和这个主从复合句之间具有转折关系。因此在翻译时需要加上转折连词but。“通常大家都认为”可以译为“It is generally believed that...”。同时要注意当含有否定意义的副词never,seldom,hardly,scarcely等位于句首时,其后要采用部分倒装的形式。
A.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.1. Losing your temper is not just a social hazard. It's also a health risk, with new research showing that the chance of a heart attack is 8.5 times higher in the two hours after a burst of intense anger.
In the first Australian study to investigate the link between acute emotional triggers and high risk of severe cardiac episodes, researchers found that "episodes of intense anger can act as a trigger for a heart attack", says lead author Dr. Thomas Buckley from the University of Sydney Nursing School who is also a researcher at Royal North Shore Hospital.
"The data shows that the higher risk of a heart attack isn't necessarily just while you're angry—it lasts for two hours after the outburst," Dr. Buckley says. "The triggers for these bursts of intense anger were associated with: arguments with family members (29 per cent); arguments with others (42 per cent); work anger (14 per cent); and driving anger (14 per cent)."
情绪失控不仅仅会造成社会危害,还会带来健康隐患。新的研究表明,在愤怒强烈爆发后的两个小时内,心脏病的发病几率会提高8.5倍。
澳大利亚近期首次完成了一项有关情感激烈波动与心脏病急性发作的高风险之间关系的研究。该项研究报告的主笔,悉尼大学护理学院的托马斯·巴克莱博士(他同时也是北海岸皇家医院的研究员)指出,研究人员发现“强烈的愤怒会诱发心脏病”。
不过他继续解释道:“数据显示心脏病的高发几率并不是一定出现在生气当时,在愤怒爆发后的两个小时内都有可能。而暴怒自身的诱因主要有下面四个:与家庭成员的争吵(29%)、与外人的争执(42%)、工作上的不满(14%)和开车时的不顺(14%)。”
[解析] (1)第一段共两句话,基本采用直译法。第一句中的losing your temper译为“情绪失控”。第二句中的that引导的是宾语从句,with new research showing是with的复合结构,可直接译为“新的研究表明”;8.5 times higher为倍数的表达方式,可译为“提高8.5倍”。
(2)第二段共一句话,英译汉时可把其划分为不同的分句,根据需要把其译为相互独立的句子。to investigate...episodes为动词不定式作后置定语,修饰study。that引导的是宾语从句,作found的宾语。who引导的是定语从句,修饰Dr.Thomas Buckley。act as a trigger可译为“诱发”。
(3)第三段共两句话,be associated with可译为“与……有关”;work anger,driving anger可分别译为“工作上的不满”“开车时的不顺”。
B.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation On the Answer Sheet.1. 房子租期将满的那天,我去看房子,收回钥匙。我在检查房内的设施时,突然发现卫生间里的马桶(commode)竟然换了新的。男人看着我一脸惊讶,笑着说:“花几十块钱,是小事,换了,水就不会白白流掉了。”他告诉我,他家乡长年缺水,人们把水看得比油还珍贵,如果谁要浪费一点水,就是天大的罪过。所以,当他和妻子发现卫生间里的长流水,就觉得很不自在。最后,他们决定自己出钱,买一个新马桶装上。
On the day when the lease expired, I went to check my flat and ask back the key. While checking the indoor facilities, I was surprised that the old commode in the bathroom should have been replaced. Noticing my surprise, the man said with a smile, "No big deal. Just a few bucks for a new one. Water will be saved." Then, he explained that his hometown suffered from water shortage all year round. For this reason, water was considered more precious than oil. Whoever wasted a little water would be condemned as sinful. Therefore, when he and his wife saw water leaking in the bathroom, they felt ill at ease. That's why they finally decided to have a new commode fixed at their own expense.
[解析] 全文共六句话,时态为一般过去时,翻译方法以直译为主。第一句可译为主从复合句,第一个小分句是时间状语从句,后面的两个小分句是主句,“收回”可译为“ask back”、第二句中的“竟然换了”可使用should+have done的形式,此处的should即为“竟然”的意思。第三句可译为动名词短语作原因状语,由动名词noticing引导,“几十块钱”可译为“a few bucks”。第四句由多个小分句组成,在翻译时可把其译为三个独立的句子,使句子结构更为清晰。第五句在翻译时应使用see sth. doing这一结构,用来表示一段时间内一直持续的某种状态,“觉得不自在”可译为“feel ill at ease”。第六句中的“自己出钱”可译为“at their own expense”,“买一个新马桶装上”可译为“have a new commode fixed”。