PART ONE Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. ______ was developed in the late 19th century as a reaction against the Grammar-Translation Method.
3. In the Direct Method, ______ is learned inductively through listening and speaking activities.
A.grammar
B.vocabulary
C.writing
D.reading
A B C D
A
[解析] 在直接法中,语法是通过听说练习用归纳法来学习的。
4. It is accepted by most experts of foreign language teaching that the Grammar-Translation Method originated from the ______ century.
A.16th
B.17th
C.18th
D.19th
A B C D
C
[解析] 语法翻译法起源于18世纪,大多数外语教学方面的专家都认可这一说法。
5. ______ is considered as the father of American structuralism.
A.Franz Boas
B.Edward Sapir
C.Leonard Bloomfield
D.Noam Chomsky
A B C D
C
[解析] 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父。
6. The American psychologist ______—a famous Harvard behaviourist believes that verbal behaviour is the same as any other fundamental respect of non-verbal behaviour.
9. In an Oral Approach class, the teacher serves as a (n) ______ when he/she uses questions, commands, and other cues to elicit correct sentences from the learners.
12. The behavioural psychologists and the cognitive psychologists are both interested in the "______" questions.
A.why
B.what
C.how
D.when
A B C D
B
[解析] 生成语言学家、行为心理学家和认知心理学家都对“what”型问题感兴趣。
13. ______ competence refers to one's ability to create coherent written text or conversation and ability to understand them.
A.Grammatical
B.Sociolinguistic
C.Discourse
D.Strategic
A B C D
C
[解析] 语篇能力是指一个人建立连贯的书面语篇或谈话并理解它们的能力。
14. A Grammar-Translation teacher believes that understanding and manipulating the morphology and syntax will develop students' ability of ______.
A.analyzing and solving problems
B.communicating
C.self-management
D.cooperating
A B C D
A
[解析] 语法翻译法的教师认为,理解和掌握词法和句法能够发展学生分析和解决问题的能力。
15. In a communicative class, language is taught to express and understand different kinds of ______, such as requesting, describing, and expressing likes and dislikes.
A.functions
B.notions
C.discourses
D.utterances
A B C D
A
[解析] 在交际法中,语言内容用来表达和理解语言的不同功能,例如请求、描述、表达喜欢和不喜欢。
16. In a Silent Way classroom, learners are expected to develop independence, autonomy and ______.
17. With regard to syllabus design, the Communicative Approach emphasizes ______.
A.teaching materials
B.learning environment
C.the length of the course
D.learners' needs
A B C D
D
[解析] 关于教学大纲设计,交际法强调学习者的需求。
18. The first step of classroom procedures in the Oral Approach is ______.
A.listening practice with teacher
B.teacher's introducing new model
C.substitution drilling
D.teacher's elicitation
A B C D
A
[解析] 口语教学法课堂根据学生不同的外语水平采用不同的教学程序。这些教学程序包括:(1)Listening practice(听力练习);(2)Choral imitation(齐声模仿);(3)Individual imitation(单独模仿);(4)Isolation(突出难点);(5)Building up to a new model(为新句型做准备);(6)Elicitation(启发);(7)Substitution drills(替换练习);(8)Question-answer drills(问答练习);(9)Correction(改错练习)。
19. To assess students' progress, the Natural Approach sets examinations which are usually conducted in the following manner EXCEPT ______.
A.listening
B.speaking
C.reading and writing
D.note-taking
A B C D
D
[解析] 为了评估学生的进步情况,自然法设置了一些考试,通常以听力、口语、读写的形式进行。
20. ______ is the center of Krashen's second language learning theory.
A.Acquisition
B.The natural order hypothesis
C.The input hypothesis
D.The monitor model
A B C D
D
[解析] 自我监测模式(monitor model)是克拉申第二语言学习理论的中心。
PART TWO Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section, there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. ______ association of language with objects and persons of the immediate environment is emphasized in the Direct Method.
Direct
[解析] 直接法强调把语言与直接环境中的客观事物和人直接联系起来。
2. The basic principle of the Natural Approach is the distinction Krashen has drawn between language acquisition and language ______.
3. The view of grammar in the Oral Approach is very different from that of the ______ Method in which grammatical items are often presented in isolation.
4. The modem languages provided one of the conditions for grammar analysis and the application of grammatical rules in ______ exercises in teaching Latin.
translation
[解析] 现代语言为语法分析及把语法规则运用到拉丁语教学的翻译练习中提供了条件。
5. The Total Physical Response Method sees successful adult second language learning as a process paralleled to child first language ______.
acquisition
[解析] 全身反应法认为,成年人成功的第二语言学习与小孩习得母语的过程是一样的。
6. When language is viewed as a means of communication, it means we use language to accomplish functions within social ______.
7. LAD suggested by Chomsky is a sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one's ______ language.
first
[解析] 乔姆斯基的语言习得机制是一种习得第一语言能力的机制。
8. The Direct Method got its name from the assumption that ______ are to be connected directly with the target language, without going through process of translating into the students' native language.
9. Behaviourism tried to explain how an external event (a stimulus) caused a change in the behaviour of an individual (a response)without using concepts like "mind" or "ideas" or any kind of ______ behaviour.
11. According to Krashen, the only way for people to acquire a language is by understanding messages or receiving comprehensible ______.
input
[解析] 克拉申的语言输入假设认为,人们习得语言的唯一途径是理解信息,即接受“可理解的输入”。
12. The view that language is primarily what is spoken and only secondarily what is written offered the foundations for the Audiolingual Method in language teaching in which ______ was given a priority.
13. Foreign language learning results from practice and practice could lead to ______. Language learning is not a problem of acquiring knowledge, but one of practice.
automatization
[解析] 外语学习是练习的结果,练习引起自动化,外语学习不是学习知识的问题,而是一种练习。
14. In the Cognitive Approach, the learner is seen as a (n) ______ participant in the learning process, using various mental strategies in order to sort out the system of the language to be taught.
active
[解析] 在认知法中,学习者被看作学习过程的积极参与者,他们使用各种心理策略整理出所学的语言系统。
15. Chomsky believes that children are born with special language learning abilities; they do not have to be ______ language or corrected for their mistakes, but learn language by being exposed to it.
16. Rather than teaching grammar deductively, in the Direct Method teachers encourage learners to ______ rules of grammar through active use of the target language in the classroom.
17. Before defining the objectives of a course with the Communicative Approach, ______ analysis should be conducted to find out why the learners are learning the second language.
18. According to Curran, there are six elements necessary for non-defensive learning. They are ______, attention, aggression, retention, reflection, and discrimination.
security
[解析] 按照柯伦的观点,无戒备学习有6个必要因素:安全感、注意力、进取心、记忆、反思和区分。
19. When discussing the rules of languages, the traditional linguistics usually took a ______ approach.
20. The Natural Approach claims that acquired knowledge is used to generate utterances while learned knowledge serves primarily as a monitoring ______.
function
[解析] 自然法认为,习得的知识会成为口头表达的语言,而学得的知识主要起到自我监测的功能。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
1.
A. Linguist/Psychologist
B. Contribution to the Direct Method
①H. Paul
a. organized and presented new language items in series of actions in an event
②W. M. Wundt
b. established the first Berlitz school in the U. S.
③F. Gouin
c. formed the main linguistic base of the Direct Method
④M. D. Berlitz
d. proposed that a direct association between forms and meanings in the target language should be established
⑤F. Franke
e. laid the psychological foundation for the Direct Method
2. Why is the first language forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?
(1)To enable the students to think in the target language; (2)To enable the students to express themselves directly without referring to their mother tongue.
3. What practice techniques are generally adopted in the Oral Approach?
The practice techniques adopted in the Oral Approach generally consist of guided repetition and substitution activities, including choral repetition, individual imitation, dictation, drills and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.
4. What is the focus of the classroom teaching following the Cognitive Approach?
Rule learning, meaningful practice, and creativity.
5. In Hymes' view, what does communicative competence refer to?
In Hymes' view, communicative competence refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical roles of a language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom.
6. There are two major phases in a Suggestopaedia classroom. What are they? And what is the purpose of the second major phase?
(1)The receptive phase and the activation phase; (2)To help students gain facility with the new material.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. What are the main disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method?
The main disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method are: (1)Overemphasis on translation can never emancipate the learners from dependence on the first language. (2)Knowing a large number of grammatical rules cannot ensure that students can use them appropriately in real communicative situation. (3)It puts too much emphasis on reading and writing and neglects listening and speaking. (4)The language learned often doesn't meet the practical needs of the learners. (5) Memorizing grammar rules and bilingual word lists does not motivate students to actively communicate in the target language.
2. Why is it necessary to draw a distinction between acquisition and learning?
Acquisition refers to an unconscious process that involves the naturalistic development of language proficiency through understanding language and through using language for meaningful communication. Learning, by contrast, refers to a process in which conscious rules about a language are developed often through formal instruction. Acquisition comes about through meaningful interaction in a natural communication setting. Speakers are not concerned with language form, but with meaning. This contrasts with the language learning situation in which students try not to make mistakes and their teacher corrects them once they are found. In classroom settings, formal rules and feedback provide the basis for language instruction. According to Krashen, acquiring a language is more successful and longer lasting than learning. Learning cannot lead to acquisition.