PART ONE Ⅰ.Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.
1. The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of ______.
A.Palmer
B.Bloomfield
C.Chomsky
D.Krashen
A B C D
C
[解析] 转换生成语言学派是在乔姆斯基的影响下产生的。
2. The history of foreign language teaching can be traced back to the ancient Roman when ______ was taught as a second language.
A.English
B.Greek
C.Latin
D.Spanish
A B C D
C
[解析] 外语教学的历史可以追溯到古罗马时期,当时拉丁语被作为第二语言进行教授。
3. The Audiolingual Method largely developed in ______ during the Second World War.
A.the United States
B.Europe
C.Latin America
D.Asia
A B C D
A
[解析] 听说法主要是在第二次世界大战期间的美国发展起来的。
4. The ______ saw the emergence of a new psychological school called Gestalt psychology.
11. The ______ recommended by Krashen and Terrell are often borrowed from other methods and adapted to meet the requirements of Natural Approach theory.
12. According to Gouin, ______ expression is intimately linked with thought about real events.
A.linguistic
B.verbal
C.facial
D.natural
A B C D
B
[解析] 在古文(Gouin)看来,言语表达和对于客观事件的认识有着密切的联系。
13. Johann Seidenstucker and other textbook writers combined ______, vocabulary, text and sentences to be translated as the typical pattern of the Grammar-Translation Method.
18. In the Grammar-Translation teaching, all the following types of questions are designed for students to check their understanding of the reading passage EXCEPT ______.
20. Cognitive psychology deals with the study of the nature and learning of systems of knowledge, particularly those ______ involved in thought, perception, comprehension, memory and learning.
PART TWO Ⅱ.Filling Blanks Directions: In this section, there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
1. The Cognitive Approach gives ______ importance to all the four skills and therefore all of them could get priority according to the goal of the course and the needs of the students.
equal
[解析] 认知法对四种语言技能一视同仁,因此根据课程目标和学生的需要任何一种技能都可以得到优先权。
2. Suggestopaedia, the application of the study of ______ to pedagogy, has been developed to help students eliminate the feeling that they can not be successful and thus to help them overcome the barriers to learning.
5. F. Gouin's linguistic and psychological theories based on his observations of children's use of language were directly applied to the practice of the ______ Method.
6. In an Audiolingual Method class, the teaching of listening comprehension, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary are all related to the development of oral ______.
fluency
[解析] 在听说法的课堂上,听力理解、发音、语法和词汇的教学都与提高口语流利度有关。
7. The ______ Approach has made the first attempts to establish theoretical principles to develop a methodological framework for ELT.
8. In the Grammar-Translation teaching, students are required to memorize bilingual word lists and ______ rules.
grammatical
[解析] 在语法翻译教学法中,学生被要求背诵两种语言的词汇和语法规则。
9. Leonard Bloomfield maintained that linguists should describe instead of prescribing what people actually say and should take a(n) ______ approach in analyzing data.
10. Research in second language acquisition shows that motivation, self-confidence and ______ are the three affective factors.
anxiety
[解析] 对第二语言习得的研究显示,动机、自信、忧虑是决定第二语言习得成功程度的三种情感因素。
11. Krashen's position is that conscious know]edge of rules does not help ______, but only enable the learner to "polish up" what has been acquired through communication.
16. ______ is a vital element in the learning process, because it increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again and eventually becomes a habit.
17. According to Piaget, ______ is the process by which we modify what we already know to take into account new information.
accommodation
[解析] 按照皮亚杰的观点,适应是根据新信息修改我们已知信息的过程。
18. In the Oral Approach, British linguists had a different focus on the notion of "______", as they emphasized the close relationship between the structure of a language and the context.
19. Since the Natural Approach teacher expects students to be able to deal with a particular set of topics in a given situation, activities in the class are organized in a ______ way.
20. Wilkins analyzed the communicative meanings that a language learner needs to understand and express, and he insists that the ______ component shouldn't be ignored.
structural
[解析] 威尔金斯对语言学习者需要理解和表达的交际意义进行了分析,他坚持认为结构成分不应该被忽视。
Ⅲ.Matching Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④ or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
1.
A. Foreign language teaching methods
B. Techniques
①The Oral Approach
a. Backward build-up drill
②The Communicative Approach
b. Affective-humanistic activities
③The Audiolingual Method
c. Controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks
④The Natural Approach
d. Meaningful practice
⑤The Cognitive Approach
e. Role-play and simulation
①c ②e ③a ④b ⑤d
[解析] ①口语法的教学技巧主要有指导下的复述和替代练习,包括齐声仿读、个人模仿、听写、操作练习和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和写作(controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks)。 ②交际法的教学技巧包括利用视听材料培养学生边听边做笔记的技能、口头报告、角色表演或模拟(role-play or simulation)。 ③听说法的教学技巧包括重复练习、替换练习、问答练习、扩展句子练习、合并句子练习、逆向读句练习(backward build-up drill)、句子链接练习、完成句子练习和最小成对练习等。 ④自然法的教学技巧主要是语言习得活动,包括情感人文活动(affective-humanistic activities)、解决问题活动、游戏活动和内容活动。 ⑤认知法的教学技巧包括规则学习、有意义的实践(meaningful practice)和创造性的活动。
2.
A. Methods
B. Theories of language and learning
①The Silent Way
a. Rules are automatically provided in the input.
②The Total Physical Response Method
b. Comprehension precedes production.
③Community Language Learning
c. Learning is facilitated through learner's discovery or creativity.
④Suggestopaedia
d. Human learning is both cognitive and affective.
⑤The Natural Approach
e. Learning involves both the conscious and unconscious mind.
Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
1. What is the natural order hypothesis?
Foreign language learners acquire the hales of the target language in the same order no matter where, when and how they are learning the language.
2. What is the learning theory of the Direct Method according to Comenius?
(1)The learner will acquire rules of grammar inductively. (2)The best method of teaching meaning is the one using sensory experience, generally visual perception.
3. The input hypothesis involves four main issues. What are they?
(1)The hypothesis relates to acquisition,not to learning; (2)People acquire language best by understanding input that is slightly beyond their current level of competence; (3)The ability to speak fluently cannot be taught directly; (4)If there is sufficient quantity of comprehensible input, i+1 will usually be provided automatically.
4. What were the theory of language and the theory of learning underlying the Grammar-Translation Method?
They were Comparative Historical Linguistics and Faculty Psychology.
5. According to G. Kelly, what is a meaningful activity?
It is one that encourages an active process of making sense, of fitting or mapping the new onto the old to create a new understanding.
6. According to a structural view, what characteristics does language have?
(1)Elements in a language are produced in a rule-governed(structured) way. (2)Language samples could be exhaustively described at any structural level of description. (3)Language is structured like a pyramid, that is, linguistic levels are systems within systems.
Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.
1. What are the criteria for vocabulary selection in the Oral Approach and its significance in syllabus design in foreign language teaching?
According to Palmer, words are chosen for the following criteria: (1)most frequently used by native speakers; (2)all the structural words; (3)most useful in explaining the meaning of other less frequently used words; (4)words which are useful because other words can be built from them; This effort to introduce a scientific rationale for selecting the vocabulary content of language course represented the first attempt to establish principles of syllabus design in foreign language teaching.
2. What are the four characteristics of a communicative view of language and how are they related to the theory of learning underlying the same approach?
A communicative view of language has the following four characteristics: (1)Language is a system for the expression of meaning. (2)The primary function of language is for interaction and communication. (3)The structure of language reflects its functional and communicative uses. (4)The primary units of language are not merely its grammatical and structural features, but categories of functional and communicative meaning as exemplified in discourse. So far as theory of learning is concerned, meaning is emphasized more than the learning of structure. Learners are offered a variety of activities to get involved in negotiation in making choices and decisions. Besides, language needs to be studied in the social context of its use.