Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?
A.Language is symbolic.
B.Language is vocal.
C.Language is used to understand and describe the world.
2. Such questions as "What schools and colleges can you go to?" "What is the money system you use?" and "What laws must you obey?" highlight the ______ aspects of culture.
3. ______ is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.
A.Social meaning
B.Reflected meaning
C.Connotative meaning
D.Collective meaning
A B C D
C
[解析] 内涵意义是一个词语在纯概念意义之外具有的交际值。
4. "The Comforter" and "the Holy Ghost" both refer to God iii religious English, but the former sounds warm and the latter awesome because these are the ______ of these two terms.
6. a) We regard her as the best doctor in this hospital. 我们认为她是这家医院最好的医生。 b) He left New York two days ago. 两天前他离开纽约。 The above two examples indicate that ______.
A.formal markers for tenses in Chinese are always necessary
B.in English verbs alone can represent the distinction between the simple present tense and the simple past tense
C.in Chinese auxiliary verbs must be used to indicate tenses and aspects
D.formal markers for tenses and aspects are optional in English
9. The idiomatic expression "to be all thumbs" means "______".
A.to be quiet
B.to say something wrong
C.to be clumsy
D.to say something meaningful
A B C D
C
[解析] “to be all thumbs”意为“笨拙,不擅长做某事”。“clumsy”意为“笨拙的”,故选C。
10. Which of the following idioms is NOT derived from the Bible and great English literary works?
A.Never cast your pearls before swine.
B.Great men are not always wise.
C.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
D.God sends meat and the devil sends cooks.
A B C D
D
[解析] “Never cast your pearls before swine. (不可明珠暗投。)”以及“Great men are not always wise.(伟人并非事事聪明。)”是出自《圣经》里的谚语。“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. (玫瑰无论叫什么名字都是香的。)”是出自英语文学巨著里的谚语。“God sends meat and the devil sends cooks. (上帝赐给食物,魔鬼派来厨师。)”是与基督教有关的谚语。
11. Which of the following sentences has the closest meaning to the sentence "That young man is a bear at mathematics"?
A.That young man is good at mathematics.
B.That young man is poor at mathematics.
C.That young man is clumsy when he is learning mathematics.
D.That young man is rude and ill-tempered when he is learning mathematics.
A B C D
A
[解析] 对讲英语的人来说,熊虽然很粗暴,但也聪明且有耐力。因此,英语中用熊比喻粗暴无礼的人、智力过人的人或具有耐力的人都是很自然的。“That young man is a bear at mathematics.”这句话的意思就是“那个年轻人擅长数学”。A项与此意思相近,故选A。
12. The color white is not necessarily associated with something good. For example, "a white night" has bad or unpleasant connotations. What is the proper Chinese translation of "a while night"?
A.极夜
B.白色的夜晚
C.不眠之夜
D.彻夜长明
A B C D
C
[解析] 白色并不总是与好事有关。“a white night”指不眠之夜。
13. Honourifics are language forms used in speeches to show respect to a ______.
A.child
B.superior
C.stranger
D.subordinate
A B C D
B
[解析] 敬语是在讲话时对上级或长者表示尊敬的语言形式。
14. English verbal taboos require us to avoid the following expressions or topics EXCEPT "______".
A.Do you go to church?
B.Are you a Republican or a Democrat?
C.How come you're still single?
D.Which basketball team are you in favor of, Miami Heat or San Antonio Spurs?
15. "Time is up!" said the teacher. In a moment the students stopped writing and handed in their papers. What is the logical relation between the above sentences?
A.Temporal.
B.Adversative.
C.Causal.
D.Additive.
A B C D
A
[解析] 毗邻的两个句子之间的逻辑关系可分为四大类:附加关系、转折关系、因果关系和时间关系。题干中的“In a moment”表明其前后句子之间为时间关系。
16. —Do you know that the new-born British royal baby is named George? —Yes, I do. The logical relation the above sentences exhibit is ______.
19. The gesture of thumb down (with one's arm crooked in front of the body and thumb stretched downward while the other fingers making a fist)is the nonverbal way to say ______.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There are at least two correct answers.
1. Culture in its broad sense is also called ______.
A.small c culture
B.large C culture
C.anthropological culture
D.academic culture
A B C D
BD
[解析] 广义的文化又被称作“大写C文化”或“学术文化”。A、C两项指的是狭义的文化。
2. Which of the following expressions relate to the historical aspects of English culture?
A.The May Flower.
B.Great Victoria Desert.
C.Continental Congress.
D.Congress.
A B C D
AC
[解析] Great Victoria Desert(大维多利亚沙漠)是与英语国家地理特征有关的词汇;Congress(国会)是与政治有关的词汇。The May Flower(五月花号)与Continental Congress(大陆会议)都是与英语文化的历史方面有关的词汇。
3. It has been said that the Western people are inclined to think inductively, while the Chinese people tend to think deductively. Inductive thinkers reason ______.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Customs, habits and ______ patterns have been conventionalized in people's daily interpersonal communication and are a very important part of culture.
behavioural
2. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning can be brought together under the heading ______ meaning.
associative
3. a)At seven on the morning of 26 July, 2011 the train started back to Shanghai. 2011年7月26日上午七点火车开始返回上海。 b)He graduated from English Department, Nanjing University. 他毕业于南京大学英语系。 The above examples show that there are differences in ______ between English and Chinese.
word order
4. In the USA, it is a ______ to ask if something, food, clothes or decorations of furniture, is homemade.
compliment
5. As defined in dictionaries, ______ are implied or indirect references.
allusions
6. "They are uncontrollably attracted to each other." The above sentence shows the metaphorical expression about ______.
love
7. Honourifics are used to show respect to one's interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker's ______ patterns.
modesty
8. A group of sentences that are juxtaposed in a random fashion can ______ be treated as a text.
never
9. "Traveller" in British English is spelled as ______ in American English.
traveler
10. If gestures or body movements help us to interact with another individual or to regulate our conversations with him or her, they are called ______.
regulators
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What are the properties of culture?
Culture is human specific. It is a social, national and historical phenomenon. It is both general and abstract.
2. What conceptual differences are there between "social sciences" and "社会科学"?
“社会科学” covers all the academic fields not included in the natural and applied sciences. It includes language, literature, philosophy, etc. "Social sciences" cover a smaller range of subjects—political science, economics, sociology, etc.
3. How is the term "journalese" defined?
Journalese does not refer to just anything that appears in newspapers or magazines or anything that is written by a journalist. The primary function of newspapers and magazines is to inform or report news. So journalese means the language of newspaper reporting.
4. What is the difference between Americans and Australians in the meaning of punctuality?
To Americans it means on time if not a little before. To Australians being a couple of minutes late is tolerable.
Ⅴ. Translation
1. Please give us your comments or suggestions. (用敬语翻译)
请提宝贵意见。
2. Hello. This is Jane speaking. Who's calling? (电话用语)
您好。我是简。您是哪位?
3. The child is father of the man.
从小知其人。
4. 黄页(电话)查号薄
Yellow Pages
5. 您有何高见?
What's your opinion? /I'd like to have your opinion.
6. 一定在下雪,外面这么亮。
It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What are phrasal verbs? And what differences are there between phrasal verbs and their corresponding single verbs?
(1)Phrasal verbs are idioms, consisting of a verb and a particle, either an adverb or a preposition, or of a verb, a noun and a preposition. (2)Their corresponding single verbs are, in many cases, loan words from French or Latin, which are often learned words used in literary or formal contexts. (3)The verb in phrasal verbs is normally a monosyllabic word of English origin and the phrasal verbs are usually used in everyday situations.
2. What are the major factors affecting people's choice of styles?
The style one chooses for one's speech depends on a number of factors, including: (1)One's interlocutors: who one's interlocutors are and how one is related to them. Other things being equal, the closer the relationship between one and one's interlocutors, the more informal the language one speaks. (2)The topic: other things being equal, one tends to be more formal when talking about serious topics than about casual topics. (3)The setting or environment: other things being equal, one tends to be more formal in public places than where there is no eavesdropper.