Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. ______ is the function and product of the human brain.
A.Language
B.Thought
C.Culture
D.Communication
A B C D
B
[解析] 思维是人脑的功能和产物。人脑处理思维并产生思维。
2. Which of the following does NOT belong to nonverbal communication systems?
5. The English speakers prefer ______, as is shown by the sentence "The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor of our campus newspaper".
A.branching sentence patterns
B.linear sentence patterns
C.holistic thinking pattern
D.indirect thinking pattern
A B C D
A
[解析] 英语多采用分支句型,汉语多采用线性句型,题干中的例句反映的就是英语中的分支句型。
6. When writing the address, the English speaker starts with ______.
A.the biggest unit and ends with the room number
B.the name of the city and ends with the country
C.the smallest unit and moves to the bigger ones and finally to the biggest unit, the country
D.the name of the country and then writes in a random order
11. From the sentence "He is the father of modern biology", we can see that English speaking people compare ideas to ______.
A.food
B.people
C.plants
D.love
A B C D
B
[解析] “He is the father of modern biology.(他是现代生物学之父。)”反映的是有关“观念”的隐喻,它把观念比喻成人。
12. Which of the following statements can tell us that the red color is also associated with certain emotions in English?
A.My father said that the day I was born was a red letter day.
B.They needn't expect to be given the red carpet treatment. After all, it is just a regular visit.
C.It is just that I see red when I think anyone is trying to muscle in on my property.
D.Unfortunately, he runs the company in the red.
A B C D
C
[解析] 选项A中“a red letter day”指的是“喜庆日”;选项B中“the red carpet”指的是“隆重欢迎”;选项D中“in the red”指的是“亏本”。只有选项C中“see red”指的是“突然发怒”,与某种情感有关。
13. "Go", "pass away", "去了" and "走了" are the euphemisms for "die" in English and "死" in Chinese respectively. From the above expressions we can see that both in English and Chinese, death is viewed as "______".
15. When hearers, topics and environments change, the speakers' speaking styles vary. There are five different styles: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate. Which of the following statements is an example of formal style?
A.Visitors should go up the stairs at once.
B.Would you mind going upstairs right away, please?
C.Time you all went upstairs, now.
D.Up you go, chaps!
A B C D
A
[解析] 选项A为正式体的形式;选项B为商议体的形式;选项C为随便体的形式;选项D为亲密体的形式。
16. What is the logical relation of the sentences "I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action"?
20. When it comes to personal distance zone, spouse, intimate family members, and very close friends are the only ones that we voluntarily allow to get into ______ zone for any length of time.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There are more than one correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements are true about language?
A.Speech is the primary medium of language, while writing is secondary.
B.The primary function of language is communication.
C.Language is used to understand and describe the world.
D.All human knowledge and experience could be passed on to the younger generations without language.
3. It has been said that the Western people are inclined to think inductively, while the Chinese people tend to think deductively. Deductive thinkers reason ______.
5. Which of the following idioms are related to mannerisms?
A.To split one's sides with laughter.
B.To make a cat laugh.
C.Not for all the tea in China.
D.To love at first sight.
A B C D
AB
[解析] “To split one's sides with laughter”表示“捧腹大笑”;“To make a cat laugh”表示“使人笑掉大牙”,这两个都是有关言谈举止的成语。选项C为有关人生哲学的成语;选项D为有关爱情、婚姻的成语。
6. In which of the following sentences, the same tenors may be associated with the same vehicles in both English and Chinese to express similar meanings?
A.What a dull speech! He's merely parroting what many others have said.
B.One look at his face and we realized that a thunderstorm was about to break.
C.I'll have to stop all these between-meal snacks. I'm getting as fat as a pig.
D.But this is an odd thing, though he's impulsive, he's as stubborn as a mule.
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.
1. Culture in its broad sense is also called "large C culture" or "______ culture".
academic
2. The relationship between a word and an object in the real world or a concept in our mind to which the word refers is the ______ meaning of the word.
conceptual
3. In English the ______ words usually come the first in wh-questions or wh-alternative questions.
interrogative
4. "______" is the contracted form of "God be with you" and therefore carries a religious connotation.
Goodbye
5. Mr. /Miss ______ may refer to an ideal or entirely suitable person for one to marry.
Right/Wonderful
6. "A white Christmas" refers to snow at Christmas time. This expression is in contrast with "a ______ Christmas" that refers to a Christmas without snow.
green
7. There are ______ honourifics in Oriental languages than in European languages.
more
8. A: Would you like to come in and have a cup of tea? B: Sorry, I have an early meeting tomorrow morning. The sentences in the above dialogue exhibit coherence because the sentences are linked by ______ alone.
meaning
9. The British English word for "电梯" is "lift", while the American English word for it is ______.
elevator
10. ______ are physical acts that can fully take the place of spoken words.
Emblems
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. How is language related to thought?
Language is an instrument used in the communication of thought. They are closely related. Since language represents thought, it is influenced and shaped by thought. Language is used for conveying ideas, so its structure and function must reflect these ideas. Language also exerts strong influence on thought.
2. How are the compound "greenhouse" and its Chinese equivalent "温室" different so far as reflected meaning is concerned?
Different thinking patterns are involved in the formation of these two terms. English speakers emphasize its function: keeping plants green, while the Chinese people view it from its physical characteristic: warmer than other buildings.
3. What is the main feature of the headline in English newspapers?
The headline is normally printed in a way that easily catches the attention of the readers.
4. How does our posture reflect our gender?
Females are encouraged to show shrinkage in their postures. On the other hand males are more likely to engage in more expanding behaviours. A masculine posture is characterized by positions and movements that take up more space.
Ⅴ. Translation
1. 在美国,最流行的运动除了橄榄球就是棒球和篮球。
Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball.
2. 请问您哪位?(电话用语)
Who's calling, please? /May I have your name, please?
3. (嫉妒得)眼红
green-eyed
4. express one's gratitude
拜谢
5. Wine and judgment mature with age.
酒陈味醇,人老识深
6. a black sheep
败家子
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. Compare the following pairs of sentences and illustrate how English and Chinese are different in sentence patterns. A (1)Those who want to go please sign their names here. (2)要去的人请在这里签名。 B (1)She has translated into English a novel written by Lu Xun. (2)她把一本鲁迅写的小说译成了英语。
It has been discovered that many or most English sentences in adult speech or writing are like trees with a trunk, one or more branches and twists. In contrast, many Chinese sentences are like a flowing river without tributaries or a piece of bamboo without branches. The relative clause "who want to go" in A (1) and the past participle phrase "written by Lu Xun" in B (1) are all postmodifiers that break the otherwise naturally flowing sentences. The typical complex sentences in English look like trees with trunk, branches, twists and leaves at different levels. Look at their Chinese equivalents A (2) and B (2), and we will find the "branches" are lost: all the postmodifiers are converted into premodifiers(“要去的”和“鲁迅写的”). These sentences in Chinese are like chains with links successively connected.
2. "The girl looks like her mother." "The girl looks like an angel." "O, my love is like a red, red rose. That's newly sprung in June." Use the above sentences to explain what two requirements similes and metaphors must meet.
On the one hand, the tenor and the vehicle must represent things of different categories. There is no simile or metaphor in the sentence "The girl looks like her mother" because the girl and her mother are both human beings. However, the sentence "The girl looks like an angel" is metaphoric. On the other hand, there must be similarities between the tenor and the vehicle. In the sentence "O, my love is like a red, red rose. That's newly sprung in June", apparently there are similarities between the pretty girl whom "I" love and "a red rose".