Ⅰ. CAREFUL READING Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1 Much of the fiction written by American women in the twenty-first century can be termed "popular", owing to its sustained engagement with an expansive but clearly defined readership. Since the 1990s, popular women's fiction has been dominated by "chick lit", a term that has come to signify a particular brand of commercial fiction. In her article "Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Lit and the Perversion of a Genre", novelist Cris Mazza credits herself with inventing the taxonomy in her capacity as co-editor of an anthology of new women's writing. The stories in Chick Lit sought "not to embrace an old silly or coquettish image of women hut to take responsibility for our part in the damaging, lingering stereotype". Mazza coined the term hoping that critics would recognize its "ironic intention"; as she observes, the ironic inflection of the term evaporated with the inception of the "second incarnation" of Chick Lit. It is this second incarnation that became a publishing phenomenon in the 1990s and continues to thrive in the twenty-first century. Arguably, tone is the defining characteristic of the genre. The signature tone of chick lit is humorous, irreverent, and journalistic. Many writers of chick lit novels began their careers as columnists and use their social commentaries as source material for their fictional worlds. Bridget Jones's Diary (1996) evolved from British writer Helen Fielding's newspaper columns for the Independent and later the Daily Telegraph. Candace Bushnell's column "Sex and the City" provided the material for her first novel and the hugely influential HBO television series (1998-2004). From its inception, chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic through its engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture. Over the past decade, chick lit has sprouted a variety of subgenres. Although commentators on the genre regularly announce its decline, it continues to expand and attract a wider range of women readers.
1. The term "chick lit" is coined by ______.
A.a publisher
B.a critic
C.a novelist
D.a creditor
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。由第一段第三句“In her article 'Who's Laughing Now? A Short History of Chick Lit and the Perversion of a Genre', novelist Cris Mazza credits herself...”和第五句“Mazza coined the term...”可知,“鸡仔文学”这个术语是由小说家Mazza提出的。故选C。
2. The description of women in literature used to be ______.
A.negative
B.neutral
C.complimentary
D.pleasant
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。由第一段第四句“The stories in Chick Lit sought 'not to embrace an old silly or coquettish image of women...”可知,鸡仔文学不再接受女性愚蠢或妖艳的形象。由此可推断出,之前在文学中对女性的描述是消极的。故选A。
3. The signature tone of chick lit is ______.
A.objective
B.amusing
C.influential
D.rhythmic
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第二句“The signature tone of chick lit is humorous,irreverent, and journalistic.”可知,鸡仔文学特有的基调是幽默的、无礼的和纪实的。故选B。
4. Chick lit is widely enjoyed by ______.
A.commentators
B.newspaper columnists
C.journalists
D.younger readers
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。由第三段第一句“...chick lit secured the readership of the younger demographic...”可知,鸡仔文学以年轻人口为其读者群。故选D。
5. Chick lit is most likely to be concerned with ______.
A.modern literary criticism
B.recent commercial activities
C.current publishing phenomenon
D.women's life in contemporary society
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。由第一段第四句“The stories in Chick Lit...image of women...”及第三段第一句“...chick lit...through its engagement with contemporary issues and popular culture.”可推断出,鸡仔文学最有可能关注女性在当代社会的生活。故选D。
Passage 2 I saw Jane last night for the first time in years. She was miserable. She had bleached her hair, trying to hide its true color, just as her rough appearance hid her deep unhappiness. She needed to talk, so we went for a walk. While I thought about my future, the college applications that had recently arrived, she thought about her past, the home she had recently left. Then she spoke. She told me about her love—and I saw a dependent relationship with a dominating man. She told me about the drugs—and I saw that they were her escape. She told me about her goals—and I saw unrealistic material dreams. She told me she needed a friend—and I saw hope, because at least I could give her that. We had met in the second grade. Jane was missing a tooth, I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding doors of my new school. I asked her if I could see her Archie comic book, even though I didn't really like comics; she said yes, even though she didn't really like to share. Maybe we were both looking for a smile. And we found it. We found someone to giggle with late at night, someone to slurp hot chocolate with on the cold winter days when school was canceled and we would sit together by the bay window, watching the snow endlessly falling. In the summer, at the pool, I got stung by a bee. Jane held my hand and told me that she was there and that it was okay to cry—so I did. In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall. Only now, she had fallen and there was no one to catch her. We hadn't spoken in months, we hadn't seen each other in years. I had moved to California; she had moved out of the house. Our experiences were miles apart, making our hearts much farther away from each other than the continent she had just traversed. Through her words I was alienated, but through her eyes I felt her yearning. She needed support in her search for strength and a new start. She needed my friendship now more than ever. So I took her hand and told her that I was there and that it was okay to cry—so she did.
1. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that Jane's misery might have been caused by ______.
A.drugs
B.loneliness
C.her marriage
D.her financial situation
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题。由第一段第七句“She told me about her love—and I saw a dependent relationship with a dominating man.”可知,简向我述说了她的爱情,我感觉她是在和一个霸道男人谈恋爱,同时她十分依赖这个男人。由此可推断出,简的不幸是由她的婚姻造成的。故选C。
2. The author of this passage asked to see Jane's comic book because ______.
A.the book was interesting
B.the school offered few such books
C.Jane highly recommended this book
D.the author intended to make friends with Jane
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。由第二段第二、三句“...I was missing my friends. I had just moved across the continent to find cold metal swings and cold smirking faces outside the foreboding doors of my new school.”可知,我失去了我的朋友,那时我刚搬到新的地方,发现在我新学校的门口出现的只有冷冰冰的金属及冷漠和傻笑的面孔。由此可推断出,作者想要看简的连环漫画册,是因为作者没有朋友,想和简做朋友。故选D。
3. The "multicolored bed" in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A.the pile of leaves
B.the colored cushion
C.the flower-bed outside
D.the grassland in the fall
A B C D
A
[解析] 词义理解题。由第三段最后一句“In the fall, we raked the leaves into piles and took turns jumping, never afraid because we knew that the multicolored bed would break our fall.”可知,我们在秋天的时候用耙子把树叶堆成一堆,轮流跳进树叶堆里,我们从不害怕,因为我们知道这个多彩的床会防止我们摔得很重。由此可知,multicolored bed指的是树叶堆。故选A。
4. With the author's move to California, the friendship between the author and Jane ______.
A.faded
B.ended
C.maintained
D.strengthened
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。由最后一段第四句“Our experiences were miles apart,making our hearts much farther away from each other...”可知,我们经历的事情大不相同,这让我们的心彼此分离得很远。由此可推断出,随着作者搬去了加利福尼亚州,她和简之间的友谊变淡了。故选A。
5. The best title of this passage might be ______.
Passage 3 Facebook, the Web's most popular social networking site, has been caught in a content-rights battle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users' photos, wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account. Under fire from tens of thousands of users, Facebook posted a brief message on users' home pages that said it was returning to its previous "Terms of Use" policy. Member backlash against Facebook began after a consumer advocate website, The Consumerist, flagged a change made to Facebook's policy. Facebook deleted a sentence from the old Terms of Use. That sentence said Facebook could not claim any rights to original content that a user uploaded once the user closed his or her account. The company replaced it with: "You may remove your User Content from the Site at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archived copies of your User Content." In response, Chris Waiters, wrote in the Consumerist post, "Make sure you never upload anything you don't feel comfortable giving away, because it's Facebook's now." Thousands of indignant members either canceled their accounts or created online petition. Among them were more than 64,000 who joined a group called "The People Against the New Terms of Service". Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg tried to quell (平息) the controversy by saying the company's philosophy is that "people own their information and control who they share it with". But members were not appeased because the site did not fix its Terms of Use. The company, in its post, said it was returning to its previous Terms of Use because of the "feedback" it had received. "It was never our intention to confuse people or make them uneasy about sharing on Facebook," company spokesman Barry Schnitt said in a blog post. "I also want to be very clear that Facebook does not, nor have we ever, claimed ownership over people's content. Your content belongs to you." Schnitt said the company is in the process of rewording its Terms of Use in "simple language that defines Facebook's rights much more specifically".
1. From Paragraph 1, we can infer that Facebook's new "Terms of Use" is ______.
A.essentially identical to the old
B.comparatively more user-friendly
C.actually for trial implementation only
D.less reasonable in handling content rights
A B C D
D
[解析] 推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Facebook...has been caught in a content-rights battle after revealing that it was granting itself permanent rights to users' photos, wall posts and other information even after a user closed an account.”可知,脸谱网已经陷入内容权限的战争中,因为脸谱网授予自己对用户的照片、留言板和其他信息的永久使用权限,甚至在用户销户之后也拥有此权限。由此可推断出,脸谱网新的使用条款在处理内容权限方面不太合理。故选D。
2. By marking the change in Facebook's Terms of Use, The Consumerist meant to ______.
A.establish an organization to protect users' benefits
B.launch an online petition against Facebook's old policy
C.call users' attention to the risks of Facebook's policy change
D.warn Facebook of the security problems caused by such change
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题。由第二段第一句“Member backlash against Facebook began after a consumer advocate website, The Consumerist, flagged a change made to Facebook's policy.”可知,维护用户利益的网站The Consumerist指出了脸谱网条款的变化之后,用户们开始强烈反对脸谱网。由此可推断出,The Consumerist试图引起用户对脸谱网条款变化带来的风险的注意。故选C。
3. Facebook's new "Terms of Use" policy quoted in Paragraph 2 implies that ______.
A.content uploaded will be saved in archives for the site's use
B.content will have to be examined by the site for user's benefit
C.users should submit copies to the site when uploading content
D.users must agree to transfer the ownership of the content to Facebook
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句“...'You may remove your User Content from the Site at any time. However, you acknowledge that the Company may retain archived copies of your User Content'.”可知,用户能在任何时间把用户内容从网站上删除,但是公司能保留用户内容的存档副本。由此可推断出,脸谱网新的使用条款暗示着上传内容将会被归档并用于网站的使用。故选A。
4. Facing the crisis, Facebook decided to ______.
A.delete a sentence in its new Terms of Use
B.issue a statement to defend its position
C.make modifications in its philosophy
D.resume the old terms of user rights
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。由第三段第三句“The company, in its post, said it was returning to its previous Terms of Use...”可知,面对危机,脸谱网决定恢复以前的使用条款。故选D。
5. In his blog post, Barry Schnitt implied that the controversy was induced by ______.
A.Facebook's inappropriate use of language
B.Facebook's deliberate invasion of users' privacy
C.Facebook's change of policy on online file storage
D.Facebook's reluctance to compensate users for their losses
A B C D
A
[解析] 推理判断题。由第三段倒数第三句“I also want to be very clear that Facebook does not...”和最后一句“...the company is in the process of rewording its Terms of Use in 'simple language that defines Eacebook's rights much more specifically',”可知,Barry Schnitt认为,争议的引起是因为脸谱网没有使用简单和明确的语言。故选A。
Passage 4 Eugenics (优生学) could be found everywhere in the U.S. in the 1920s. It influenced American politics, social sciences and medicine. It shaped public policy, aesthetic theory and literature, and affected popular culture. Eugenic thinking was so popular in the modem era that it attained the status of common sense. From the beginning of eugenics in the late-nineteenth-century England to its peak in the U.S. during the postwar years of the late 1910s and 1920s, few challenged the notion that modem nations, especially those troubled by immigration, must improve their population in order to remain competitive in the modem world. Scholars have recently begun to acknowledge the profound influence of eugenic thought on modern white American and British writers, yet it remains unknown to most of them that some versions of eugenics also appeared in the writings of modem African American intellectuals, including not only Du Bois and Dunbar-Nelson but also Jean Toomer, George Schuyler, and E. Franklin Frazier. In the end, there were not nearly as many refutations of eugenics in modem U.S. as there were competing versions of it. As Zygmunt Bauman has argued, the ideal of weeding out defective individuals and races deeply affected the U.S. and remained arguably the most outstanding feature of its collective spirit. Eugenics in some form shows up in various writings between 1890 and 1940. It was so widespread that it serves as an ideal perspective for examining often ignored aspects in American public policy, class politics, racial politics, literature, and even Harlem Renaissance. Indeed, in the U.S. of the 1910s and 1920s, eugenics became so widely accepted that it might be considered the guiding principle of modern American discourse (话语). There were a number of reasons for this particular success of eugenics in the U.S. First, it was a combination of scientism and progress that appealed to a wide variety of modem American intellectuals. Second, the U.S.'s particular historical circumstances in the early twentieth century—including widespread immigration, a shift to an urban industrial economy, and the country's emergence as a dominant global power—-help further explain the rise of an ideology that promised to increase national competitiveness and efficiency. Finally, Americans accepted eugenics because it provided them with a theory that supported racism around the turn of the twentieth century.
1. In the era dominated by eugenics, most Americans believed that ______.
A.the eugenic theory was dangerous and should be rejected
B.eugenics would make the U.S. a more competitive nation
C.immigrants would greatly improve the American population
D.immigrants would make the U.S. more powerful in the world
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第一段第四句“Eugenic thinking was so popular in the modern era...”和最后一句“...modern nations, especially those troubled by immigration, must improve their population in order to remain competitive in the modern world”,可知,优生学会提高现代国家的人口质量,从而保持国家在现代世界的竞争力。故选B。
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? ______
A.White American writers didn't support eugenics.
B.Black American intellectuals mistrusted eugenics.
C.Eugenics influenced both white and black Americans.
D.Many people refuted eugenics in the U.S. in the 1920s.
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第一句“...the profound influence of eugenic thought on modern white American and British writers...some versions of eugenics also appeared in the writings of modern African American intellectuals...”可知,优生学不仅影响了白人,还影响了美国黑人。故选C。
3. Influenced by the eugenic thought, Americans were deeply concerned with ______.
A.scientific research
B.individual health
C.collective responsibility
D.improving their population
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段最后一句“... the ideal of weeding out defective individuals and races deeply affected the U.S...”可知,清除有缺陷的个人和种族这种理想化的想法深深影响着美国。由此可知,受到优生学影响的美国人密切关注的是如何提高人口质量。故选D。
4. Eugenics was widely accepted in the U.S. ______.
A.between 1890 and 1910
B.in the 1910s and 1920s
C.between 1920 and 1940
D.in the late 19th century
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第三段最后一句“Indeed, in the U.S. of the 1910s and 1920s, eugenics became so widely accepted...”可知,在20世纪10年代和20世纪20年代,优生学在美国被广为接受。故选B。
5. In the last paragraph, the author's discussion of eugenics is related to the following EXCEPT ______.
A.politics
B.economy
C.education
D.immigration
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。由最后一段第三句“...including widespread immigration, a shift to an urban industrial economy, and the country's emergence as a dominant global power—help further explain the rise of an ideology...”可知,优生学和移民、经济和政治有关,与教育无关。故选C。
Ⅱ. SPEED READING Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 5 Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, at Shrewsbury, England, the second son of Dr. Robert Darwin, an eminently successful physician. From his earliest youth, Darwin was a passionate lover of the outdoors. As he himself said, "I was born a naturalist." Every aspect of nature intrigued him. He loved to collect, to fish and hunt, and to read nature books. School, consisting largely of the study of the classics, bored him intolerably. Before he turned seventeen years old, his father sent him to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. But medicine terrified Charles, and he continued to devote much of his time to the study of nature. When it became clear that he did not want to become a physician, his father sent him early in 1828 to Cambridge to study theology. This seemed a reasonable choice, since virtually all the naturalists in England at that time were ministers, as were the professors at Cambridge who taught botany and geology. Darwin's letters and biographical notes show that at Cambridge he devoted more time to collecting beetles, discussing botany and geology with his professors, and hunting and riding with similarly inclined friends than to his studies. Yet he did well in his examinations, and when he took his B. A. in 1831 he stood tenth on the list of nonhonors students. More importantly, when Darwin had completed his Cambridge years he was an accomplished young naturalist. Immediately upon finishing his studies, Darwin received an invitation to join The Beagle as naturalist and companion of Captain Robert FitzRoy, who had been commissioned to survey the coasts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, and Peru to provide information for making better charts. The voyage was to be completed within two or three years but actually lasted five. The Beagle left Plymouth on December 27, 1831, when Darwin was twenty-two years old, and returned to England on October 2, 1836. Darwin used these five years to their fullest extent. In his Journal of Researches, he tells about all the places he visited—volcanic and coral islands, tropical forests in Brazil, the vast pampas of Patagonia, a crossing of the Andes from Chile to Tucuman in Argentina, and much, much more. Every day brought unforgettable new experiences, a valuable background for his life's work. He collected specimens from widely different groups of organisms, he dug out important fossils in Patagonia, he devoted much of his time to geology, but most of all he observed aspects of nature and asked himself many questions as to the how and why of natural processes. He asked "why" questions not only about geological features and animal life, but also about political and social situations. And it was his ability to ask profound questions and his perseverance in trying to answer them that would eventually make Darwin a great scientist.
1. In his childhood, Darwin was interested in ______.
A.medicine
B.physics
C.nature
D.theology
A B C D
C
[解析] 事实细节题。由第一段第二句“From his earliest youth, Darwin was a passionate lover of the outdoors.”和第四句“Every aspect of nature intrigued him.”可知,达尔文在他小时候是一位充满激情的户外爱好者,大自然的每一个方面都能激起他的兴趣。由此可知,达尔文小时候对大自然感兴趣。故选C。
2. The author says that Darwin "stood tenth on the list of nonhonors students" to show that ______.
A.he was one of the top students
B.he did fairly well at Cambridge
C.professors failed to notice his talents
D.theology appealed to him very much
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第一段第九句“...his father sent him early in 1828 to Cambridge to study theology.”和倒数第二句“Yet he did well in his examinations, and when he took his B.A. in 1831 he stood tenth on the list of nonhonors students.”可知,1828年达尔文被他父亲送去剑桥大学学习神学。他的考试成绩好,而且在获得文学学士学位时,他在未获得荣誉的学生中排名第十。由此可知,达尔文在剑桥大学的表现相当不错,故选B。
3. The Beagle was commissioned to gather information on ______.
A.coasts
B.plants
C.animals
D.peoples
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第一句“...Darwin received an invitation to join The Beagle as naturalist...who had been commissioned to survey the coasts of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, and Peru...”可知,达尔文受邀乘坐小猎犬号去收集有关海岸的信息。故选A。
4. Journal of Researches is probably ______.
A.FitzRoy's biography
B.Darwin's travelogue
C.Darwin's letters
D.FitzRoy's diaries
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第五句“In his Journal of Researches, he tells about all the places he visited...”可知,Journal of Researches的主要内容是关于达尔文去过的所有地方的所见所闻。故选B。
5. The passage mainly describes Darwin's ______.
A.love of nature
B.family background
C.critical thinking skills
D.biological achievements
A B C D
A
[解析] 主旨大意题。本文首先讲述达尔文在小时候是位充满激情的户外爱好者,大自然的每一个方面都能激起他的兴趣。然后讲到达尔文在上学时间花费了大量的学习时间在研究大自然上。而且在完成学业之后他受邀乘坐小猎犬号去收集有关海岸的信息,并且他把一路上的见闻写在了Journal of Researches中。最后提到达尔文致力于观察大自然的每个方面,并经常思考自然过程的方式和产生原因。由此可知,本文主要讲述了达尔文对大自然的热爱,故选A。
Passage 6 Yellowstone National Park, established by the U.S. Congress as a national park on March 1, 1872, is located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, though it also extends into Montana and Idaho. The park was the first of its kind, and is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal (地热的) features, especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine (亚高山带的) forest is dominant. American Indians have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years. The region was bypassed during the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the early 1800s. Aside from visits by mountain men during the early to mid 1800s, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. The U.S. Army was commissioned to oversee the park just after its establishment. In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than 1,000 archaeological sites. Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468 square miles, comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-altitude lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super-volcano on the continent. The caldera is considered an active volcano; it has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years. Half of the world's geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by ongoing volcanic activities. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining, nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish and reptiles have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. There are almost 60 species of mammals in the park. Apart from wildlife, there are 1,700 species of trees and other plants native to the park. Another 170 species are considered to be exotic species and are non-native. As one of the most popular national parks in the United States, Yellowstone provides numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. Since the mid 1960s, at least 2 million tourists have visited the park almost every year. Nine hotels and lodges, with a total of 2,238 rooms and cabins, are available to tourists from all over the world. Hundreds of employees work either permanently or seasonally for the National Park Service.
1. The Old Faithful Geyser is probably ______.
A.a wild animal
B.a hot spring
C.an ancient forest
D.an attractive building
A B C D
B
[解析] 推理判断题。由第一段第二句“The park...and is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser...”可知,黄石国家公园以其野生生物和许多地热特征而闻名,特别是老忠实泉。由此可推断出,老忠实泉与地热特征有关,即是一个温泉,故选B。
2. The Yellowstone region was not explored until ______.
A.the early 1800s
B.the late 1860s
C.1872
D.1917
A B C D
B
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第三句“...organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s.”可知,直到19世纪60年代后期,黄石国家公园才开始进行有组织的探险。故选B。
3. The responsibility for watching over the park was initially shouldered by ______.
A.the U.S. Army
B.Lewis and Clark
C.American Indians
D.the National Park Service
A B C D
A
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二段第四句“The U.S. Army was commissioned to oversee the park just after its establishment.”可知,在黄石国家公园建立之后不久,美国陆军被委任监管此地。故选A。
4. Yellowstone National Park is rich in geothermal features because of ______.
A.its high altitude
B.the great mountain ranges
C.its well-protected ecosystem
D.the continual volcanic activities
A B C D
D
[解析] 事实细节题。由第三段第四句“Half of the world's geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by ongoing volcanic activities.”可知,由于这种继续存在的火山活动,世界上有一半的地热特征都可在黄石国家公园内发现。故选D。
5. The establishment of the park makes it possible that ______.
A.more species of plants were exported from this area
B.a large number of residents settled in this region
C.lots of visitors come to enjoy the natural beauty
D.more wild animals migrated to this region
A B C D
C
[解析] 推理判断题。由第五段第二句“Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls.”可知,铺好的路面向游客们提供了与那些主要的地热地区和部分湖泊与瀑布亲近的机会。由此可推断出,黄石国家公园的建立给游客们提供了欣赏自然风光的可能性。故选C。
Ⅲ. DISCOURSE CLOZE The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, 1 . Our purpose is to fit them for life. Life is varied, so is education. As soon as we realize the fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education. In some countries with advanced industries, they have free education for all. Under this system, people, 2 , clever or foolish, have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges. They have for some time thought, by free education for all, they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that 3 . We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. As a result of their degrees, 4 . In fact, to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor. We can live without education, 5 . If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. If there were no service people, because everyone was ashamed to do such work, 6 . On the other hand, if all the farmers were completely uneducated, 7 . As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world, we would die 8 . In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, 9 : firstly, to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability; secondly, to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and 10 ; thirdly, to master all the necessary know-how to do one's job well. Only such education can be called valuable to society.
(From The Value of Education)
A. the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework B. it is true that we could live without education C. no matter whether they are rich or poor D. if we did not have enough food E. they refuse to do what they think is "low" work F. their production would remain low G. we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them H. but we should die if none of us grew crops I. we should send kids to school J. free education for all is not enough K. it means that all must be educated L. that it is bad to be ashamed of one's own work or to look down upon someone else's
1.
G
2.
C
3.
J
4.
E
5.
H
6.
A
7.
F
8.
D
9.
K
10.
L
PART TWO
Ⅳ. WORD FORMATION Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in bracket.
1. (regular) The ______ of English spelling means that it is easy to make mistakes.
irregularity
2. (utter) You couldn't imagine what a(n) ______ stupid thing he has done!
utterly
3. (excellent) That public school has long been well-known for its academic ______.
excellence
4. (active) The slightest pressure on the container is enough to ______ the alarm.
activate
5. (influence) She wanted to work for a bigger and more ______ newspaper after winning the Pulitzer Prize.
influential
6. (sure) The clients must ______ that accurate records of consumption are kept for at least one month.
ensure/insure
7. (various) Work on the production line is monotonous and lacks ______.
variety
8. (respect) The children in this family were brought up to be ______ of authority.
respectful
9. (whole) I wasn't ______ convinced by her explanation.
wholly
10. (pure) One of the main teachings of Buddhism is that you should try to ______ yourself.
purify
Ⅴ. GAP FILLING The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary).
cultural for share
break to from
so whom small
combination where big
Miller was writing for a middle-class audience. His plays were performed on Broadway, the center of New York's theatrical and 1 life, and in London's West End. Therefore they reached only a 2 proportion of the population. Miller uses this fact (that the plays reached only a relatively small proportion of the population) to advantage in Death of a Salesman, where he examines American middle-class ideas and beliefs. He was able to place before his audience Willy Loman, a man who 3 many of their ideals, ones which have been summed up by the phrase "the American Dream". The American Dream is a 4 of beliefs in the unity of the family, the healthiness of competition in society, the need 5 success and money, and the view that America is the great land in which free opportunity for all exists. Some of these are connected: America seemed at one stage in history to offer alternatives 6 the European way of life; she seemed to be the New World, vast, having plenty of land and riches for all of its people, all of 7 could share in the wealth of the nation. America was a land of opportunity. This belief is still apparent, even in twentieth-century America, with its large urban population, and Miller uses it in his plays, in order to state something significant about American society. In such a land, 8 all people have a great deal of opportunity, success should come fairly easily, 9 an unsuccessful man could feel bitter about his failure, excluded as he was 10 the success around him. To become successful in the American Dream means to believe in competition, to reach the top as quickly as possible by proving oneself better than others.
(From Miller's Theatre and Miller's Ideas)
1.
cultural
2.
small
3.
shares/shared
4.
combination
5.
for
6.
to
7.
whom
8.
where
9.
so
10.
from
Ⅵ. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The following questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four.
1. What are the influences of eugenics in the U.S. in the 1920s?
(1)Eugenics was so popular in the U.S. in the 1920s that it became commonsensical. (2)It affected American politics, social sciences, medicine, public policy, aesthetic theory, literature, and popular culture. (3)It influenced both white American writers and African American intellectuals. Eugenics in some form showed up in various writings between 1890 and 1940.
2. What are the reasons for the success of eugenics in the U.S.?
There were a number of reasons for the success of eugenics in the U.S. (1)First, it appealed to a wide variety of modern American intellectuals. (2)Second, the U.S.'s particular historical circumstances in the early twentieth century helped further explain the ideology that promised to increase national competitiveness and efficiency. (3)Finally, Americans accepted eugenics because it provided them with a theory that supported racism around the turn of the twentieth century.
Ⅶ. TRANSLATION The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraph carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Millions of years later, the earth has stopped rotating on its axis. 1 The machine lands on a desolate beach where the Time Traveler discovers the only inhabitants are giant, evil-looking crabs. He sets the machine in motion again, and now, thirty million years after leaving the safety of his laboratory, 2 he finds the world a cold, still hulk, faintly lit by a dying sun. 3 Horrified, the Time Traveler sets the machine back for the return journey, and eventually reaches home where he tells his story to his friends. 4 Disillusioned though he is with the future, the Time Traveler has set off again on a journey through time. Three years later he has still not returned, and 5 his friends can only speculate about what misadventure has overtaken him in the depths of time.