A.Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese.2. Roman Catholic Cathedral
5. off shore oil exploration
A.Correct or improve the translation of the following English sentences.1. 原文:Somehow our path took us toward the park.
译文:不知怎的,路把我们带向公园。
改译:
我们沿着这条路不知不觉朝公园走去。
[考点] 本句主要考查无生命主语的翻译。
[解析] 英语常用无生命的物作主语,而汉语则习惯用人作主语。因此,汉译时要将原句的主语和宾语互换位置。somehow意为“不知怎么地,莫名其妙地,没有缘由地”。
2. 原文:She persisted in her work when she might take a good rest.
译文:当她可以休息时,她却在工作。
改译:
尽管她可以好好休息一下,可她却还是坚持工作。
[解析] 原句为主从复合句,when引导的从句在此表示让步,应译为“尽管,虽然”。take a good rest译为“好好休息一下”。原译文出现漏译的情况,且对when的把握不够准确。
3. 原文:Come along, or it will be dark before we get to Stourcastle.
译文:一道走吧,要不然在我们赶到斯图堡之前天就黑了。
改译:
一道走吧,要不然我们赶不到斯图堡天就要黑了。
[考点] 本句主要考查反译法。
[解析] before引导的从句很多情况下需要从反面来表达。“it will be dark before we get to Stourcastle”,汉译时为了符合汉语的表达习惯,使句子更通顺,译为“等我们赶到天就黑了”或“我们赶不到天就要黑了”。
4. 原文:A delighted giggle cut through the severe silence. The ice was broken. We all laughed.
译文:一阵咯咯的笑声打破了严肃而沉寂的气氛。冰打破了。我们都笑了起来。
改译:
一阵咯咯的笑声打破了严肃而沉寂的气氛。谁也不拘束了,大家都笑了起来。
[解析] 原译文没有根据具体语境分析句子含义。The ice was broken意为“打破僵局”,在此意译为“谁也不拘束了”。
5. 原文:One can't think of Africa without thinking of Egypt, the cradle of an ancient civilization, nor of Egypt without the Nile.
译文:想起非洲,人们不可能不想到古代文明发祥地之一的埃及;而没有一个尼罗河的埃及,那也是不可想象的。
改译:
想起非洲,人们不可能不想到古代文明发祥地之一的埃及;而想起埃及,人们也不可能不想起尼罗河。
[解析] 原译文属于望文生义,生硬地翻译。nor of Egypt without the Nile是因主语和谓语同上文重复而使用的省略句,原句应为one can not think of Egypt without thinking of the Nile either。因此,应译为“想起埃及,人们也不可能不想起尼罗河”。
B.Correct or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences.1. 原文:信笔写来,竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆。
译文:Writing aimlessly, I have written about practically nothing but my own memories.
改译:
Letting my pen taking its course, I have written about practically nothing hut my own memories.
[解析] 原译文中writing aimlessly有“信笔涂鸦”的意思,在此不符合原意。
2. 原文:我是家里的老大,才十三岁,就唱戏养家了。真是一个钱撕成八瓣用。
译文:At thirteen, as the oldest child, I acted to help support the family. Each single copper had to be divided into eight pieces.
改译:
At thirteen, as the eldest child, I acted to help support the family. Each single copper had to be eked out.
[解析] 原译文忽略了中西文化差异,对具有文化内涵的内容,直译会使西方读者感到莫名其妙,不理解。“一个钱撕成八瓣用”是一个形象性的说法,若照字面意思翻译,外国读者会觉得奇怪;to eke out意为“使能持久,竭力维持”,符合西方的文化观念和习惯用法。elder和eldest主要指家庭成员中“年长的”,强调的是长幼,不是指具体年龄。
3. 原文:“五四”运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动。
译文:The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary anti-imperialism and anti-feudal movement.
改译:
The May 4th Movement was a thoroughgoing, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism.
[解析] 原句是“主系表”结构的简单句,“运动”前有四个修饰语,分别为“彻底的、不妥协的、反帝反封建的、革命的”,英译时应根据英语的语言习惯,选择将部分定语后置,而不能按照汉语逐字翻译。“反帝反封建的”译为“against imperialism and feudalism”,介词短语作定语,要放在所修饰的名词后面。
4. 原文:正副总经理由合营各方分别担任。
译文:The general manager and vice-general manager(s) should be assumed by the respective parties to the venture.
改译:
The offices of the general manager and vice-general manager(s) should be assumed by the respective parties to the venture.
[解析] 翻译时应注意词组的搭配问题。汉语可以说“经理由……担任”,但英语里assume和manager不搭,应为assume the offices of managers。
5. 原文:如果因违反合同而造成损失的,应由违反合同的一方承担经济责任。
译文:In case of losses caused by not following the contract, the party that has breached the contract shall bear the economic responsibilities.
改译:
In case of losses caused by a breach of contract, the party that has breached the contract shall bear the economic responsibilities.
[解析] 原译文表达有误。“违反合同”用英语表达应为“break the contract”或“a breach of the contract"。
A.Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.1. Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along.
Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their journey. Others still, will linger on to offer a helping hand to anyone in need.
另一些人在人生旅途中会遇上许多烦心事,泪流涟涟,每每失落。
[解析] 原句为“主谓宾”结构的简单句,主语为others,谓语为encounter,宾语为upsets,tears and losses,on their journey是状语。汉译时状语习惯前置于句首或者修饰的动词前面。三个并列宾语分别译为“烦心事、泪流涟涟、每每失落”,属于意译,既保持了原文散文的风格,也符合汉语的表达习惯,朗朗上口,富有美感。
2.
Let me say how grateful I am to all people who supported me and supported the cause for which we have fought. Tipper and I feel a deep gratitude to Joe and Hadassah Lieberman who brought passion and high purpose to our partnership.
让我向那些支持我和我们为之奋斗的事业的人们致以衷心的谢意。
[解析] 原句主句为祈使句,how引导的宾语从句里又有两个定语从句分别修饰all people和the cause。how grateful I am意为“我非常感谢”而非“感激”。主句即为“让我向人们致以谢意”。英语中定语从句位于中心词后面,但在汉语中,若定语不长的话一般置于中心词前,所以译为“支持我和我们为之奋斗的事业的人们”。
3.
London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. It has around 8 million inhabitants and sprawls over a huge area, mostly of suburbs where tourists seldom go.
与人们在阅读了书籍杂志的介绍之后而想象出的伦敦相比,伦敦其实更大、更脏,也更拥挤。
[解析] 原句是一个比较句,为“主系表”结构,关键是弄清比较项。这里比较的对象是“真实的伦敦”和“想象中的伦敦”,而“想象的伦敦”又有其条件“from the descriptions in many magazines and books”。与英语不同,汉语喜欢先说比较项,再说比较的结果,因此,将原句后面的内容置于句首。
4. Nations are commonly classified into groups that indicate their economic strengths and weakness as well as their stage of development.
Industrial or developed nations are those which have achieved substantial manufacturing and service capability in addition to advanced techniques in agriculture and raw material extraction.
工业化或发达国家是指那些除了具有先进的农业和原材料采掘技术以外,还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。
[解析] 原句为主从复合句,主句是“主系表”结构,定语从句由which引导,修饰those。汉译时,主句的结构和顺序不变,但从句中in addition to后面的内容要前置,这更符合汉语的表达习惯。此外,翻译have achieved substantial manufacturing and service capability时,为了同“具有先进的农业和原材料采掘技术”保持一致,也译为“具有……”,而非“在……方面取得了巨大成就”。
5.
Policymakers in the 21st century will find themselves pursuing development goals in a landscape that has transformed economically, politically, and socially. Two main forces will be shaping the world in which development policy will be defined and implemented: globalization and localization.
21世纪的决策者们将会发现他们在经济、政治、社会诸方面已经发生重大变化的大背景下来追求发展目标。
[解析] 原句是“主谓宾”结构的主从复合句其中pursuing development goals in a landscape...在句中作宾语补足语,that引导的从句作宾补的定语。汉译时定语往往前置于中心词前,因此in the 21st century和that has transformed economically, politically, and socially应放在名词前,且适当增词以使句子连贯。landscape本意为“风景,山水画”,在此引申为“背景”。
B.Translate the following underlined sentences into English.1.
节日不仅仅是日常生活的调剂,更是维系民族认同感的纽带。巧合的是,联合国教科文组织的世界教师节、美国的教师节、中国台湾和香港的教师节,都是定在孔子诞辰日,即9月28日,而我们自己却有意回避这一天。
Festivals not only can enliven our daily life, but also can serve as a tie that keeps up the sense of national identity.
[解析] 原句是由关联词“不仅……更……”连接起来的“主系表”结构的句子。英译时对应的英语结构为not only...but also。但“日常生活的调剂”活译为“enliven our daily life”,将名词化作动词。“是维系民族认同感的纽带”,英译时将定语后置,用从句表达;增译serve as,更符合英语的表达习惯,使句子更通顺达意。
2.
首先,我们应承认自己害怕,并继续尽可能正常生活下去,与此同时采取必要的预防措施。譬如,不再和一个健康的朋友握手是荒谬可笑的。
First of all, we should admit our fear and keep moving forward by living our lives as normally as possible while taking necessary precautions.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,“与此同时采取必要的预防措施”是时间状语从句。英译时,“害怕”译为名词“fear”,避繁就简,可以不用从句。“继续尽可能正常生活下去”增译为“keep moving forward by living our lives as normally as possible”。最后,“与此同时……”其主语与主句主语相同,为避免重复,可以省略,因此译为“while taking necessary precaution”。
3.
现代奥运会是团结、友爱与和平的象征。20世纪以来,奥运会还创造了一些家喻户晓的伟大标志,如五环、火炬、金牌和吉祥物等。
[答案]The Olympic Games are hugely symbolic in their message of fraternity, unity and peace.
[解析] 原句是“主系表”结构的简单句,译文保持这一结构,但进行了词类转换。原文“象征”是名词,译文转化为形容词symbolic,原文“团结、友爱与和平”是定语,译文将其转换为状语,放于句尾。“友爱”译为“fraternity”。
4.
空气中能容纳一定量的水汽,气温愈高,空气中所能容纳的水汽愈多,反之愈少。白昼的温度一般比较高,空气中可以容纳较多的水汽。
The air can hold a certain amount of water vapor. The higher the temperature, the more vapor can be contained in the air. Conversely, cooler air holds less vapor.
[解析] 原句中“气温愈高,空气中所能容纳的水汽愈多,反之愈少”在句中对前面一句作解释。译文将原句分译为三句话。第一句结构同原句相同,都是“主谓宾”结构。汉语“愈……愈……”应译为“the+比较级+…,the+比较级+…”结构。“反之愈少”省略了主语和谓语以及中心词,英语是形合的语言,要求句子的主谓宾必须齐全,因此,增译了“cooler air holds”和“vapor”。
5.
为了传播奥林匹克精神,中国同时也帮助其他发展中国家完善其体育设施,例如我们已经帮助他们建设了36座体育场馆,我们今后还将继续这样做。
To further promote Olympic spirit, China has also helped other developing countries with their sport facilities.
[解析] 原句为“主谓宾”结构的简单句,“为了传播奥林匹克精神”在句中作状语。“帮助某人做某事”译为“help sb. with sth.”。目的状语置于句首,用不定式结构表示。“传播精神”译为“promote spirit”。
A.Translate the following passage into Chinese.1. When Chou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties.
Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.
Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.
周恩来的房门打开时,他们看到的是一个身材修长、比一般人略高一点的人,两眼炯炯有神,面貌很引人注意,称得上是清秀。然而那是个男子汉的面庞,严肃而聪颖,朱德看他大概是二十五六岁的年龄。
周恩来举止优雅,待人周到,在招呼他们坐下,询问他们来意的时候,甚至还有些腼腆。朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十多岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调,解析自己的身份和经历:他怎样逃出云南,怎样会见孙中山,怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝,怎样为了寻求自己新的生活方式和中国新的革命道路而来到欧洲。
[解析] (1)第一段第一句是主从复合句,when引导的是时间状语从句,主句主语为they,谓语为saw,宾语为a slender man,其他均为对a slender man的修饰成分。汉译时,保留了原文的结构,但是表示身高的名词转化为动词,average在此意为“一般的,普通的”。在翻译with gleaming eyes时,省略with,宾语eyes转为主语,“两眼炯炯有神”既传神,又符合汉语语言特点。so...that...结构表面意思为“如此……以至于……”,但根据汉语的表达习惯,关联词一般省略掉,所以这句话译为“面貌很引人注意,称得上是清秀”。
(2)第二段的一句话是主从复合句,主要用了意译法。根据全句的内容,译者总结出周恩来的特点是“举止优雅,待人周到”,概括性很强。he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them译为“招呼他们坐下,询问他们的来意”,对原文的理解也很到位,没有逐字逐句翻译,摆脱了原语言的限制。
(3)第三段只有一句话,是主从复合句,但是包含多个从句和多个并列的动作。译文基本采用意译法。首先,more than ten years his junior译为“比他年轻十几岁的青年”,junior意为“晚辈,年少者”,在此将名词化作形容词。who he was,what he had done...这句话如果简单译为“他是谁,他做过什么……”就显得累赘,不如“身份和经历”简洁。最后一个how引出了一串动作,可看出英语是为了避免重复,但汉语多重复,既可表示强调,也可增强语言气势。因此汉译时重复了“怎样”。
B.Translate the following passage into English.1. 二十年来,我的生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的。我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。
我一向没有对任何问题作高深研究的野心,因此所买的书范围较广,宗教、艺术、文学、社会、哲学、历史、生物,各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本与本国自古以来的诗文集。别的门类只是一些概论之类的入门书而已。
For twenty years past, I have spent at least 10-20 percent of my living expenses on hooks. Now the only things of some value under my roof, if any, are my hooks.
Since I have never entertained ambition for making a profound study of any subject, the books I have acquired cover almost everything—religion, art, literature, sociology, philosophy, history, biology, etc. Most of them are Chinese translations of literary works by famous foreign writers and anthologies of Chinese poetry and prose through the ages. The rest, often called an outline or introduction, are merely on rudiments of various subjects.
[解析] (1)原文第一段第一句有被动的意义,因为“生活费”是被“消耗”的。但译文转被动为主动,将主语变为I,谓语变为spent,宾语则为living expenses。第二句保留了原文的“主系表”结构,“比较贵重的”用介词短语“of some value”表达,符合英语的表述习惯。
(2)译文第一句中的entertain意为“怀有,留有”,相当于maintain。“各国文学名著的译本”意译为“Chinese translations of literary works by famous foreign writers”。“自古以来”译为“through ages”。最后一句也是以意译为主,“入门书”译为“an outline, introduction or rudiment”,灵活又达意,rudiments意为“基本原理”。