When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor (半导体) alloys (合金), his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, is used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. "Anytime you get an award, big or little, it's always a surprise," Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor (晶体管), in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking into how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace (平凡的) as they are today, but didn't realize how many uses they would have. "You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important, you think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff(成果) is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know," he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for the work on a new generation of "molecular(分子) sieves (滤网)" that can separate molecules by size.
1. Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据是原文第一段第二行“...his colleagues thought he was unrealistic”,其中unrealistic的意思是“不现实的”。
2. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 根据原文第四段第一句话可看出晶体管的发明人(inventor of the transistor)是John Bardeen,不是Holonyak。Holonyak是John Bardeen的一个学生。因此该句说法不正确。
4. LEDs used in traffic lights are developed by Holonyak's students. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据原文第一段最后一句话可以看出,他的学生继续他的工作,开发了该技术在交通信号灯上的应用(developing lighting used in traffic lights),因此该句说法正确。
5. When Holonyak invented LEDs, he believed that they would have a wide range of uses. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 根据原文第五段和第六段的内容可以看出,Holonyak当时猜测到他所发明的LED会变得像如今这样普及(commonplace),但没想到会有现在这么多的用途(but didn't realize how many uses they would have)。而题干认为他当时相信会有广泛用途(a wide range of uses),与原文不符。
6. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
7. LEDs are more environmentally friendly than incandescent bulbs. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据第四段最后一句话可知,LED灯比白炽灯泡更环保,因此该句的说法正确。
8. Holonyak was surprised to receive the Lemelson-MIT Prize. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据第三段Holonyak说的话,判断该句的说法正确。
9. Edith Flanigen was also awarded Lemelson-MIT Prize for his work on LEDs. ______
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of halfinch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall (砌筑墙) filled with insulation board (隔热板). To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year—as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,000.
1. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A.discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skyscrapers
B.compare skyscrapers with other modern structures
C.describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment
D.illustrate various architectural designs of skyscrapers
2. According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls? ______
A.The exterior surrounding air is heated.
B.The building materials are very expensive.
C.Construction time is increased.
D.Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.
A B C D
A
[考点] 事实细节题。
[解析] 从第三段最后一句话“mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings”可以看出,镜面的摩天大楼会提高周围空气的温度并会对附近的建筑物产生影响,因此选择A。
3. According to the passage, which aspect of skyscrapers were some residents of North America con- cerned with in the late 1960's? ______
A.The poor reception of radio and TV signals.
B.The removal of trees and grass from building sites.
①Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island—the Singapore island—and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. kin. ②Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief (轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2.413mm, the wettest months are November through January. ③Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by 1991 constitutional amendment (修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected. ④In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college. ⑤Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.
1. Paragraph ①______ A. Education B. Land and Climate C. State System D. General Introduction E. Economy F. Population
6. Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia ______. A. live a better life B. made up of more than 50 islands C. Higher education institute D. not by the Parliament, but by the people E. produce goods of various kinds F. have a big population
Michael Jackson, the seventh of nine children, started his musical career with his brothers in 1964. 1 Michael quickly became the centre of attention. During the following years the band released hit after hit and became the most successful Motown group. In 1975 the Jackson Five decided to leave Motown for more money at CBS records. Young Michael began his solo (独唱) career while he was still with the group. His big break through came in 1982 with the arrival of his biggest selling album, Thriller. The album had seven hit singles and became famous for its video clip. 2 In 1984 he set his hair on fire for a commercial in Los Angeles. He was injured and carried out on a stretcher (担架). This and many other strange stories about Jackson brought him the nickname Wacko Jack (怪人杰克). Nevertheless the sales of his records went up. Black and White was the biggest hit of the 1991 album Dangerous. During the promotion of his album he invited US talk master Oprah Winfrey to Neverland (梦幻岛). There he gave the world insights into his private life. 3 And he also admitted that he had undergone plastic surgery. In 1993 the King of Pop was accused of harassing (骚扰) children, but a settlement with the 13-year old's parents saved him from prison. 4 But unluckily, the couple separated a year and a half later. By the mid 1990s Jackson's popularity had started to fall. History was a collection of greatest hits plus a few new recordings. The pop star appeared at the Brit Awards to perform his number one single Earth Song, together with a group of children. A second marriage with Nurse Deborah Rowe produced a son Michael and a daughter Paris. 5 It took almost 6 years to finish the album Invincible. But when it was released in 2001, it was only in the charts (排行榜) for six weeks. In March 2009 Jackson surprised the pop world by announcing were that he would go on stage one last time. A series of ten concerts, definitely his last ones, were planned for July 2009 in the 02 Arena in London. But on June 25, 2009, less than a month before he was scheduled to begin a series of comeback concerts, paramedics were called to Michael Jackson's rented home in Holby Hills near Los Angeles where they found him unconscious and not responding. They were unable to revive the "King of Pop," and Jackson was pronounced dead at the L.A. Medical Center. A. They called themselves the Jackson Five. B. The following year Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley. C. He said that he was lonely. D. Michael Jackson was not only a great singer, he also did crazy things. E. Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Jackson were two peas in one odd pod. F. Jackson's downturn continued into the new millennium.
1.
A
[解析] 根据空格前“started his musical career with his brothers in 1964. (与他的兄弟一起于1964年开始他的音乐生涯)”以及空格后“Michael quickly became the centre of attention. (迈克尔很快就成为人们关注的焦点)”,两者相联系,可知选项A最合适。
本文主要讲述了迈克尔·杰克逊一生之中在音乐事业上的起伏以及他的一些私生活。概括如下:1—2段主要写了迈克尔的音乐五人组初入音乐界且创下了一些小小的成就;3—5段描述了迈克尔自己的独唱和种种疯狂举动及创下的种种奇迹;6—8段介绍了迈克尔的私生活及事业的低迷期;9—10段讲的是迈克尔用了六年时间创作了《无敌》专辑,但只在排行榜上停留了六周,他预备复出,却突然离世。
选项含义简单概括:(A)他们称自己为杰克五人组。(B)第二年迈克尔·杰克逊娶了丽莎。(C)迈克尔·杰克逊说他自己很孤单。(D)迈克尔·杰克逊不仅是一位伟大的歌手,而且也做过一些疯狂的事情。(E)伊丽莎白·泰勒和迈克尔·杰克逊二人惺惺相惜。(F)迈克尔·杰克逊的低迷期持续进入了新千年。
2.
D
[解析] 空格位于段首位置,根据空格后关于迈克尔·杰克逊故事的介绍,得知选项中D最合适。
3.
C
[解析] 空格后说“And he also admitted that he had undergone plastic surgery. (而且他还承认,他曾接受过整容)”。前后相联系,选项C最合适。
4.
B
[解析] 空格后说“But unluckily,the Couple separated a year and a half later. (但不幸的是,夫妻一年半以后分开)”。前后相联系,选项B最合适。
5.
F
[解析] 空格后说“It took almost 6 years to finish the album Invincible. But when it was released in 2001,it was only in the charts(排行榜)for six weeks. (花了近6年来完成专辑《无敌》。但是,当它在2001年发布时,只是在排行榜停留了六个星期)”。根据逻辑一致原则,得知选项F最合适。
Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be 1 as citizens rather than criminals. Senator John McCain held the opinion that the country should open a 2 to citizenship to immigrants (移民) who were already in the country illegally, while other politicians 3 for stricter measures—including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries. Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors 4 . They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. 5 , all this growth means that cities need to adapt. New comers don't always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring (辅导) programs to help new 6 find proper jobs. With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands, the Spanish Government has decided to get 7 . There will be no more mass amnesties (特赦) for the illegal immigrants, and anyone coming to Spain without 8 will be sent back. France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes 9 in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted "skills and talents" visas (签证). But some people show the concern that it'll cause brain drain in 10 countries. A. immigrants B. However C. developing D. path E. open F. tough G. effect H. Therefore I. developed J. permission K. treated L. called
[解析] 此处需要填一个名词作为open的宾语,冠词a后面需要接可数名词单数。备选单词中的四个名词:immigrants是名词复数,effect是抽象名词,这两个单词都不能放在a之后,故都排除;permission意思是“允许,许可”,放在此处意思不通,故也排除;open a path意思是“打开渠道”,因此此题应选D。
About ten percent of 1 (spend) on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government. For ten years now, federal law has tied this cost to student 2 (perform). States have been required to show progress through 3 (year) testing. States say testing tells only part of the story about efforts by schools and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in 4 (measure) performance. The western state of Colorado, for example, has a new 5 (assess) method. The idea is to show 6 (academy) growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors. Josh Smith is principal of a middle school in a network of public charter schools 7 (call) West Denver Prep. Charier schools are publicly funded but not operated the same as 8 (tradition) public schools. Mr. Smith says he likes to show his students this graph so they can see their school's progress. On average, students enter sixth grade at West Denver Prep 9 (perform) below grade level. 10 (strange) enough, most are outperforming other students across the state three years later.
[解析] 本句空白处放在两个名词词组public charter school和West Denver Prep的中间,结合本句提示词可知,句中所指public charter school(公立学校)的名字应该是West Denver Prep。因此将提示词动词call改成其过去分词called符合语法和句意。
[范文]
In the picture, we can see that the girl's parents and grandmother are helping her, which makes it impossible for the girl to ride bicycle by herself, What is more ridiculous, her mother even takes some medicine with her.
In fact, this is not a picture just for fun. It tells us that parents shouldn't help their children too much. They should let their children be more independent.
Many parents share the opinion that they must get evmTthing ready for their children SO that their children could put more emphasis on their study. They all failed to consider that with the help of this kind, children won't be able to live their own life without their parents in the future.
Nowadays, it is often reported that a certain college student doesn't know how to wash his socks! How can he compete with others after graduation?
Love and attention is needed in the growth of a child, but it should never be too much, or you'll spoil the child and he will accomplish nothing in his life.