ATranslate the following words and phrases into Chinese.2. peaceful reunification
4. international bank lending
8. global positioning system
ACorrect or improve the translation of the following English sentences.1. 原文:He walked Susan to the corner and sent his greetings to John, and to Mary, their daughter.
译文:他送苏珊到街口拐弯处,请她向约翰、玛丽和他们的女儿问好。
改译:
他送苏珊到街口拐弯处,请她向约翰和他们的女儿玛丽问好。
[解析] 原译文对原句的句子成分没有搞清楚。原句中their daughter是Mary的同位语,对Mary进行补充说明,是指同一个人,因此应译为前置定语。
2. 原文:Objections, if any, should be raised by buyers within five days after receipt of the sales contract.
译文:不同意见,如果有,必须在收到售货合同后5天内由买方提出。
改译:
买方若有不同意见,必须在收到售货合同后5天内提出。
[解析] 原译文属于逐字翻译,不够灵活,不符合汉语的表达习惯。本题的重点是译文语序的重新调整。英文的合同、科技文献等正式文体多用被动语态,翻译成汉语时要按照汉语的习惯灵活使用主动语态,语序也要重新调整以使其自然、流畅。
3. 原文:I said, "I didn't know you could speak English." He laughed and said, "A little bit," measuring with his finger and thumb.
译文:我说:“没想到你会说英语呀。”他笑了起来,接着说:“一点点。”一面说着,一面用食指和拇指量了量。
改译:
我说:“没想到你会说英语呀。”他笑了起来,接着说:“一点点。”一面说着,一面用食指和拇指比划着。
[解析] 原译文对词类活用掌握不够。measure本意是“(衡)量”,在句中用得形象、巧妙,伸出食指和拇指用来“比划”,两个指头靠得很近,表示数量很少。因此,measure在此译为“比划”,而非“测量”。
4. 原文:You cannot be too careful in proofreading.
译文:校对时,你不能过于仔细。
改译:
校对时,越仔细越好。
[解析] 原译文对英语固定用法的翻译不正确。cannot...too...意为“再……也不过分;越……越好”。proofreading译为“校对”。
5. 原文:Didn't she swear she'd never again believe anything in trousers?
译文:她不是发誓从此以后再也不相信穿裤子的家伙吗?
改译:
她不是发誓从此以后再也不相信男人吗?
[解析] 原译文忽略了中西方文化的差异。something in trousers意为“穿裤子的人”。在中国男女都穿裤子,但在英语中“穿裤子的人”通常指男人。因此never believe anything in trousers译为“再也不相信男人”。
BCorrect or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences.1. 原文:我生在上海长在上海。
译文:I was born and grown up in Shanghai.
改译:
I was born and brought up in Shanghai. / I was born and grew up in Shanghai.
[解析] 原译文的语态使用不正确。“grow up”是个主动动作,不能使用过去分词表示被动意思,可以将其改为过去时态或者“brought up”。
2. 原文:要提倡科学,靠科学才有希望。
译文:We must promote science, that is where our hope lies.
改译:
We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies.
[解析] 原译文在两个分句间缺少关联词。英语重形合,关联词用得多。原文“靠科学才有希望”是“要提倡科学”的原因,故在翻译时应加上表原因的关联词for。
3. 原文:凤霞从1966年被迫离开舞台,后来又因病不能登台,至今已经14年之久。
译文:Fengxia was driven off the stage in 1966 and later fell ill. for 14 years she has not been able to perform.
改译:
Since Fengxia was driven off the stage in 1966 and later fell ill, for 14 years she has not been able to perform.
[解析] 原译文的句子结构不正确。英语比较注重句子结构形式的完整性和逻辑的合理性。在汉译英时,应该先辨明句子的主从关系,然后尽量添加一些连接词,以便突出译文的主谓关系,使句子结构更加完整,逻辑更加严谨。“从……至今”应用连词since。
4. 原文:他送来的稿子,我不能仔细全部欣赏完,但我却充分感觉到了他的文章的魅力。
译文:He had sent me his articles, I was unable to read carefully and enjoy them all, I was fully aware of the charm of his writings.
改译:
I was unable to read carefully and enjoy all the articles/ the whole work he had sent me. but I was fully aware of the charm of his writings.
[解析] 原译文没有处理好句子结构,分句间缺少连接词。根据汉英句子结构的不同特点,把原句中的两个并列句译成英文的一个包含定语从句的长句来处理,使句子更加连贯。
5. 原文:在高峰季节,农民们争着抢着想把鸡蛋卖出去,而过了季节之后,城里又出现供应不足。
译文:During the peak season, farmers compete to sell their eggs, whereas during the off-season, they are usually in short supply in the cities.
改译:
During the peak season, fathers compete to sell their eggs, whereas during the off-season, eggs are usually in short supply in the cities.
[解析] 原译文没有搞清楚主从句各自的主语。主句主语为farmers,而whereas引导的分句主语应为eggs,若用they会造成主语混淆不清。
ATranslate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.1. Almost 900,000 international students are studying in American colleges and universities today. Nearly half of this record number of foreign students are from Asia, mainly China.
They are among people from other countries who now make up about 4 percent of all university students in the U.S.
目前他们同来自其他国家的学生一起,占到了美国所有大学生数量的约4%。
[解析] 原句为主从复合句,主句是“主系表”结构,表语是among people from other counties,汉译时意译为“他们同来自其他国家的学生一起……”。who now make up about 4 percent of all university students in the U.S. 为定语从句,译文将其转换为谓语动词,使译文更加通顺、连贯。
2. Most Chinese I encounter outside of government, and some in government, seem convinced that the United States seeks to contain China and to constrict its rise.
American strategic thinkers are calling attention to China's increasing economic reach and the growing capability of its military force.
美国的战略思想家们则呼吁关注中国日益增强的全球经济影响力及其日益强大的军事力量。
[解析] 原句是“主谓宾”结构的简单句,主语为American strategic thinkers, 谓语为call,宾语为attention。汉译时,将名词attention转化为动词“关注”;economic reach引申为“经济影响力”。
3.
Many people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people.
在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪音有切身的体会,他们认为对这个问题进行调查是浪费时间。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,who引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰people,汉译时可译成一个句子。the Services译为“军队”。regard...as...译为“认为……是……”。have practical experience of译为“有切身体会”。
4.
It has been found that certain hats emit squeaks and by receiving the echos, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles — or locate flying insects on which they feed. The echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
人们发现,某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声,并能通过刚声来确定并躲开障碍物,或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句。由于主语太长(两个并列从句),英语常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放在that后面。原文主句用被动语态,汉译时则改为主动语态,且增译主语“人们”。squeak译为“尖叫声”。steer clear of...译为“躲开,避开”。破折号后面的内容也是并列的宾语从句,从句on which they feed是insects的定语,汉译时前置。
5. At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous.
It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least.
虽然在这个时期人的身材、体力和智力还有待发育和完善,但在这个年龄死亡的可能性最小。
[解析] 原句为并列复合句,主要采用了意译法。It has yet to reach its full size and strength...中,size在此引申为“身材”,it代指前文出现的human body. its owner his or her full intelligence是省略句,为了避免与上文重复,原句为its owner has yet to reach his or her full intelligence。
BTranslate the following underlined sentences into English.1. 本届世博会还首次开辟了网上世博,为世界各地更多的民众参与世博会开启了一扇新的大门。
上海世博会以最广泛的参与度,真正实现了世界人民的大团结。
Through such extensive participation, Expo 2010 Shanghai has truly brought together people around the globe.
[解析] 原句是“主谓宾”结构的简单句,主语为“上海世博会”,谓语为“实现了”,宾语为“世界人民的大团结”。“以最广泛的参与度”是方式状语,英译时置于句首。注意“上海世博会”的译法:Expo 2010 Shanghai。“实现了世界人民的大团结”意译为brought together people around the globe。
2. 不怕直说,我是相当欣赏自己的。
我承认自己有许多不如人的地方,但也知道并不是老是这样差劲。
I admit I am in many aspects not as good as other people, but I don't think I am always no good.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,“自己有许多不如人的地方”是宾语从句,其中“许多不如人的地方”,即“在许多方面不如别人”,英译为in many aspects not as good as other people。第二个分句是否定句,英译时将否定转移到主句的谓语动词上,译为I don't think...。
3. 非典型性肺炎(简称SARS)已经进入了我们的日常生活词汇。
这是一种以前不为人知的疾病,而我们现在就生活在它的阴影中。
It is a disease previously unknown to all, but now we are living in its shadows.
[解析] 原句为并列复合句,译文无需改变这一结构。“以前不为人知的”作前置定语,但译为英语后,由于定语较长,应放在中心词后面。“不为人知的”译为unknown。
4.
虽然今年以来,中国消费支出开始增强,但仍不足以替代投资成为经济增长的主要动力。很重要的原因是社会保障网络的欠缺,未来养老、医疗及教育成本的不确定性影响着每一个家庭的储蓄。
Although consumption of the Chinese has gone up ever since the beginning of this year, it is not enough to take the place of investment as the chief motive force of China's economic growth.
[解析] 原句为主从复合句,主语为“消费支出”。译文对原句结构做了调整,时间状语“今年以来”在原句中位于句首,但译文将其置于句尾,译为ever since the beginning of this year。“替代”译为take the place of。
5. “舞动的北京”是一方中国之印。
这方“中国印”镌刻着一个有着十三亿人口和五十六个民族的国家对于奥林匹克运动的誓言。
This "Chinese Seal" is engraved with a commitment made to the Olympic Movement by a country that has 56 ethnic groups and a population of 1.3 billion.
[解析] 原句是“主谓宾”结构的简单句,且是主动句。但根据其意思可知,中国印被镌刻着誓言,因此译文用了被动语态。“誓言”是中心词,“对于奥林匹克运动的”是其修饰语,用过去分词made to the Olympic Movement表示被动。而made的主语是“国家”,“有着十三亿人口和五十六个民族的”是其定语,用that引出。
ATranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. Nearly four months after giant waves swept more than 5,300 people to their deaths along the country's southern coast, the island of Phuket(普吉) — the crown jewel of Thailand's beach resorts — has patched and pasted itself together.
An aftershock on March 28 caused a brief scare among those who felt it, but hotels, restaurants, businesses and cruise operators say it has had virtually no long-term impact on bookings and arrivals.
Along the main shopping streets, a few workers still hammer and drill, and some vendors hang their wares in front of damaged shops. But Phuket today is almost as good as new.
All that is missing now, people on Phuket say, is the tourists.
泰国南部沿海巨浪吞噬了5300多人的生命,此事过去已快四个月了。普吉岛——泰国海滨旅游胜地中的璀璨明珠——也已修缮完毕。
3月28日发生过一次余震,有人感觉到了,引起了短暂的惊慌,但据酒店、饭馆、公司、游艇的业主们称,这次余震对游客的预订和到达几乎没有什么长远的影响。
在几条主要的商业街上,仍有一些工人手持榔头和钻在那里干活儿,一些商贩也把货物挂在了破损的商店门前。但普吉岛如今几乎可以说已是焕然一新了。
普吉岛上的老百姓说,现在缺少的就是游客了。
[解析] (1)第一段只有一句话,是主从复合句,译文对原文的结构做了较大调整,改译为两句话。汉语叙事时习惯先说时间、地点,因此将“泰国南部沿海”置于句首,nearly four months after...也可译为“近四个月前”,将其置于句首。根据汉语表达习惯,swept more than 5,300 people to their deaths译为“吞噬了5300多人的生命”。patched and pasted意为“修补和粘贴”,意译为“修缮”。the crown jewel意译为“璀璨明珠”。
(2)第二段的这句话是并列复合句,其中又有who引导的定语从句。英语多长句,句子结构严谨,汉语多短小的分句,句子结构松散,形散神不散。本段的翻译即可体现这一点。第一个分句结构做了调整,汉语强调因果,本句中“有人感觉到”是因,“引起了恐慌”是果,因此顺序上为先因后果。
(3)第三段中hammer和drill都是动词,汉译时转换为对应的名词,译为“手持榔头和钻在那里干活儿”。as good as new意译为“焕然一新”。
(4)最后一句是主从复合句,主句为all is the tourists,从句为that is missing now,修饰all。people on Phuket say是插入语,汉译时可前置。因此译为“现在缺少的就是游客了”。
BTranslate the following passage into English.1. 中国人民之所以要进行百年不屈不挠的斗争,之所以要实行一次又一次的伟大变革,实现国家的繁荣富强;之所以要加强民族团结,完成祖国统一大业;之所以要促进世界和平与发展的崇高事业,归根到底就是为了一个目标:实现中华民族的伟大复兴,争取对人类做出新的更大的贡献。
The Chinese people waged a dauntless struggle for one hundred years. They have effected great reforms and changes one after another to build China into a strong and prosperous country. They have worked to strengthen ethnic solidarity and achieve national reunification and to promote the lofty cause of world peace and development. In the final analysis, they have done all this for just one objective, that is, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and China's new and greater contributions to humanity.
[解析] 原文只有一段,由几个排比句构成。汉语不怕重复,对关键词的重复可以增强语言气势,增加语言美感。但英语不喜重复,所以译文中省略了多个“之所以”,直接叙述事件。“进行斗争”译为wage a struggle。“实现国家的繁荣富强”是“实行变革”的目的,因此用不定式表目的。“归根到底”译为in the final analysis;“中华民族的伟大复兴”译为the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。