ATranslate the following words and phrases into Chinese.5. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
7. international community
ACorrect or improve the translation of the following English sentences.1. 原文:The street peddler hawked, "Now or never!"
译文:小摊贩吆喝道:“要买快买,不买拉倒!”
改译:
小摊贩吆喝道:“要买快买,不买就没了!”
[解析] 原译文对now or never的翻译不正确。短语“now or never”表示机会稍纵即逝,若不抓住就会永远错过,可翻译成“机不可失,失不再来”等。再者,卖家不会高喊“不买拉倒”的,这与实际情况不符。
2. 原文:Driving southward from Cairo into the Nile valley. I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era.
译文:我从开罗驱车南行,进入尼罗河河谷,这里的景色没有亏欠多少现在的时代。
改译:
我从开罗驱车南行,进入尼罗河河谷,这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。
[解析] 原译文对固定词组的理解不正确。owe...to...表示“把……归功于……”。因此,owe little to可引申为“没有受多少……影响,受很少(东西)影响”。
3. 原文:I know you want to be transferred to the sales department. I'll put a bug in the boss' ear for you.
译文:我知道你想调到销售部去,我替你向老板申请一下。
改译:
我知道你想调到销售部去,我替你向老板说说。
[解析] 原译文对习语的翻译不正确。put a bug in sb. 's ear是习语,表示“事前暗示某人”。故原句译为“向老板说说”。
4. 原文:Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by 1750.
译文:到了1750年,进行了一场更大的空中运动。
改译:
然而,到了1750年,一场更大的运动已经在酝酿之中。
[解析] 原译文对短语的翻译不正确。in the air有多个意思,“在空中;悬而未决;在流传中”在本句中表示“悬而未决的,仍在酝酿中的”。
5. 原文:His air of complete self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake.
译文:他那十分自信的神气和略为高傲的派头使我害怕,而他和我握手的时候是那样热情,那样真挚,却不令我害怕。
改译:
他和我握手的时候是那样热情,那样真挚,要不然他那十分自信的神气和略为高傲的派头真会使我害怕呢。
[解析] 原译文对汉语的表达习惯掌握不到位,英译汉时转换不够恰当。had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake是倒装的条件状语从句,即if it had not been for...,汉译时应该提到前面。此外,warm and hearty handshake是形容词修饰名词的结构,若译为“他热情真挚的握手”不符合汉语的表达习惯,因此转换为副词修饰动词的结构,即“他和我握手是那样热情和真挚”。
BCorrect or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences.1. 原文:我最近还在另一个地方说过:艺术的最高境界是无技巧。
译文:I've also said recently in another place that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
改译:
I've also said recently on another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.
[解析] 原译文对汉英词语互换理解不到位。根据语境,原句中“另一个地方”意为“另一种场合”,因此英语对应的词应为occasion。
2. 原文:我从头到脚淋成了落汤鸡。
译文:I was drenched from head to foot like a chicken in soup.
改译:
I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.
[解析] 原译文对习语的翻译不正确,忽视了中西方文化的差异。“落汤鸡”在英语中为a drowned rat. a chicken in soup会让外国读者迷惑不解。
3. 原文:“五四”运动是在思想上和干部上准备了1921年中国共产党的成立。
译文:Both in ideology and in cadres, the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921.
改译:
Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921.
[解析] 原译文对汉语的范畴词把握不准确。在翻译时,为了使句子流畅,可以对范畴词进行增减。“在干部(这件事情)上”可译为in the matter of cadres。
4. 原文:那些女工大姐姐们都喜欢我,都说我好。
译文:All the elder sister workers liked me and said I am fine.
改译:
All the elder sister workers liked me and spoke well of me.
[解析] 原译文属于直译,没有掌握好英语的习惯表达。“说某人的好话”,英语为speak well of sb.,而sb. is fine是指“某人身体无恙,健康;无大问题”。
5. 原文:虎越来越少,猫却越来越多;虎濒于灭绝,猫却成了宠物。
译文:Tigers are becoming less and less, almost on the verge of extinction; on the other hand, cats are becoming more and more and they became pets.
改译:
Tigers are decreasing in number, almost on the verge of extinction; on the other hand, there are more and more cats and they have become pets.
[解析] 原译文对“越来越多、越来越少”的翻译不正确。“越来越少”可用decreasing in number或fewer and fewer表达,“越来越多”可用increasing in number或more and more表达。
ATranslate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.1.
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country.
全球化也在改变着科研方式。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,research is done是定语从句,修饰the way,中间省略了引导词in which。因此,汉译时应该置于中心词前面。
2.
I shared my news with close friends, who affirmed the view that HIV should define me. But the thought of telling my family, particularly my beloved mother, tore me up inside.
我把这消息告诉了儿个亲近好友,他们都肯定地说艾滋病病毒不应界定我的人生。
[解析] 原句为主从复合句,who引导的从句在句中作close friends的定语,但是此从句并非close friends必不可少的限定性修饰,而是非限定性的补充说明,且从句太长,不宜作为前置定语,因此将从句另译为一句话。affirm the view译为“肯定地说”,更符合汉语的语言习惯;define me意译为“界定我的人生”。
3. The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respect a parent who admits that he is wrong or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.
What the chill can not forgive is the parents' refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
孩子们所不能原谅的是:父母错了,孩子们也看出来了,可是做父母的还不承认。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,what引导的从句作句子的主语,译为“孩子们所不能原谅的是”。refusal是名词,汉译时转化为动词“拒绝”。按照汉语的习惯,后面部分的表达顺序应该是,“孩子们先知道父母的错”,然后“指出”,接着是“父母拒绝承认”。knows them to be true中的them指的是charges“控诉,指责”。
4.
There are many sorts of books; but good ones are the sort for the young to read. Remember that. They are great, inestimable, and unspeakable means of improvements.
图书有许多种类;但好书才是年轻人该读的一类。
[解析] 原句有两个分句,第一句是there be结构,译为“有……”;第二句是“主系表”结构,其中ones代指上文提到的“books”。for the young to read作the sort的补语,对其进行说明。the young指“年轻人”。
5. China is by far the world's largest sorghum importer, buying about 4.3m tones last year compared to second-ranked Japan's 1.5m tones.
Its imports were negligible until 2009, before soaring in 2012 and 2013.
2009年之前,中国高粱进口量几乎可以忽略不计,后来在2012年和2013年则大幅增长。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,before引导的从句因为重复而省略了主语。until 2009直译为“直到2009年”,但汉语习惯说成“2009年以前”。negligible可译为“可以忽略的,微不足道的”。before soaring in 2012 and 2013中,before是相对于前面的negligible说的,因此汉译时应该转换为“后来”。soar可译为“飙升,大幅增长”。
BTranslate the following underlined sentences into English.1. 关于伦敦的传说在中国和其他国家长盛不衰。
正如撒切尔夫人在访问北京时所告诉大学的,伦墩不再有雾了。
As Mrs. Thatcher told everyone during her visit to Beijing, London isn't foggy.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句。“在访问北京时”中“访问”是动词,英译时转化为名词,可译为“during her visit to Beijing”。“伦敦不再有雾了”实际上是“伦敦不再有多雾天气了”,用形容词foggy表示。
2.
多年来,中国人民对于奥林匹克理想的不懈追求就像你们对于奥林匹克主义的信仰一样毫不动摇。在我的职业生涯中,我一直梦想着将奥运会带回中国,让我的同胞们在我的祖国体验奥林匹克梦想的永恒魅力。
For many years, the Chinese people have made persevering efforts in pursuit of the Olympic ideal, which is just as unshakable as your faith in Olympics.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句。“不懈追求”应译为make persevering efforts in pursuit of. which is just as...是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整句话。
3.
必须优化传统的出口商品结构,靠价格和数量竞争的时代已经一去不复返了。在当今激烈竞争的世界上,只有以质取胜和改善售前售后服务才能行得通。
The traditional pattern of export products needs to be optimized. Gone are the days when merchandise geared to price competition on mass market had its way.
[解析] 原句是无主句,译文将其分译为两个句子。首先,“必须优化传统的出口商品结构”,也即“传统的出口商品结构必须被优化”,将无主句转化为英语的完整句,用原句的宾语作主语,使用被动语态。第二个分句的主语是“时代”,“靠价格和数量竞争”是其定语,英译为定语从句;“一去不复返”应译为独立主格结构“gone are the days...”。gear to意为“使适应”,have one's way意为“得逞,行得通”。
4.
语文是阅读达意的工具,国文不通便很难表达自己,外国文不通便很难吸取外来知识。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。
Language serves as a tool for reading and communication. Without a good knowledge of Chinese, you will find it difficult to express yourself.
[解析] 原句是并列复合句,译文将其拆分为两个简单句。“语文是阅读达意的工具”是“主系表”结构,英译时将其改为“主谓宾”结构,用serve as...表示,“阅读达意”意思为阅读和交流,英译为reading and communication。“国文不通”即“对国文掌握得不好”,意译为without a good knowledge of Chinese。
5. 对“十二五”期间的改革和发展,网友们十分关心。温家宝表示,“十二五”
要把发展的重点放在提高经济增长的质量和效益上,把发展成果体现在改善民生上。
Our development will be focused on improving the quality and returns of economic growth and our achievements will be reflected in the improvements of people's livelihood.
[解析] 原句是无主句,由两个并列的动词结构构成。但英语是注重形合的语言,因此英译时必须加上主语。原句是主动语态,英译时转为被动语态,且用原宾语作主语,因为英语常用客观事物作主语。“效益”译为returns;“民生”用people's livelihood表示。
ATranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frost's familiar poem, they are not equally fair. The road we have long been traveling is deceptively easy, a smooth superhighway on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road — the one "less traveled by" —offers our last, our only chance to reach a destination that assures the preservation of our earth.
A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available. Some are already in use and have achieved brilliant success. Others are in the stage of laboratory testing. Some of the most fascinating of the new methods are those that seek to turn the strength of a species against itself.
我们正处在两条道路的分岔点。但是并不像我们所熟悉的罗伯特·弗洛斯特诗中所说的,这两条道路是同样的好。我们一直在走的这条路表面上很好走,是一条平坦的高速公路,我们可以高速前进,但是走到尽头却要遇到灾难。另外一条路,是一条“走得不多”的路,它为我们提供最后的出路,也是唯一的出路,以确保我们达到保护地球的目的。
除了用化学方法控制昆虫以外,还有其他各种非常奇妙的方法可以利用。这些方法有些已在使用,而且取得了显著的效果;有的处于试验阶段。在这些新方法中,有一些最为神奇,如设法利用昆虫本身的力量来对付它自己。
[解析] (1)第一段共四句话,基本采用直译法。第一句where two roads diverge在句中作状语,译为“两条路的分岔点”。第二句话“unlike...they are not equally fair”中,they指的是Robert Frost诗中的两条路。第三句是主从复合句,主语是the road,是物作主语,汉译时将主语变为人作主语即“我们”,更符合汉语的行文习惯。deceptively译为“表面上地” 最后一句话,破折号引出的是对the road的补充说明,汉译时应放在中心词前面。offers our last, our only chance一句没有重复,但汉译时“我们最后的出路,也是唯一的出路”则重复了两次,以使行文连贯、语言通顺。
(2)最后一段第一句是“主系表”结构的简单句,主语较长,中心词是alternatives, alternatives to...意译为“除了……还有……”。第二句和第三句合译为一句话。最后一句是主从复合句,主句是“主系表”结构,直译为“一些最神奇的新方法是那些……”,但汉译时为了使表达更灵活,意译为“在这些新方法中,有一些最为神奇,如……”。
BTranslate the following passage into English.1. 中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护,把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略,加强海洋综合管理,不断完善海洋法律制度,积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务,推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作,并认真履行自己承担的义务,为全球海洋开发和保护事业做出了积极贡献。
As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state's development strategy. It is constantly strengthening comprehensive marine management, steadily improving its marine-related laws. and actively developing science, technology and education pertaining to The oceans. China has made positive contributions to international ocean development and protection by participating positively in UN marine affairs,promoting country-to-country and regional cooperation and conscientiously carrying out its obligations in this field.
[解析] 原文共三句话,但句子都较长,体现了政论文较正式客观、多长句的特点。译文也是三句话,但对原文的结构做了调整,重新划分句子。原文第一句话是“主系表”结构的简单句,但译文将其作为状语,“沿海”译为with a long coastline。“高度重视”译为attach great importance to。“加强海洋综合管理”译为strength comprehensive marine management. pertaining to意为“与……有关”。原文最后一句话较长,但分析结构后发现,“为全球海洋开发和保护做出了积极贡献”是主要内容,其他内容都是为达到这一目的采取的方式和办法。因此,译文将其作为主句,译为China has made positive contributions to international ocean development and protection,将表示方式的部分通过by引导三个现在分词短语而译出。conscientiously意为“认真地,尽职地”。