Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.
1. Without the emergence of ______ man would remain what he was one or two million years ago.
A.culture
B.speech
C.language
D.thinking
A B C D
C
[解析] 没有语言的出现,人类会保持一二百万年前的样子。
2. When we say that language is ______, we mean that the language is rule governed.
A.systematic
B.arbitrary
C.vocal
D.symbolic
A B C D
A
[解析] 当我们说语言是系统的时,我们的意思是语言是受规则制约的。
3. The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the word refers is ______ the meaning of the word.
A.connotative
B.social
C.affective
D.conceptual
A B C D
D
[解析] 词汇与它所指的现实世界中的物体或我们头脑中的概念之间的关系就是词汇的概念意义。
4. If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as a ______.
A.phrase
B.clause
C.compound
D.sentence
A B C D
C
[解析] 如果字典中的条目由两个或多个单词组成,则它将被视为复合词。
5. The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPT ______.
15. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of ______.
A.conjunctions
B.juxtaposition
C.punctuation
D.prepositions
A B C D
A
[解析] 句子的形合关系指句中的各个成分通过连词互相连接。
16. For the whole day he climbed up the steer mountainside, almost without stopping. And in all this time he met no one. In the above example, the logical relationship between the sentences is ______ relations.
A.additive
B.adversative
C.causal
D.temporal
A B C D
A
[解析] 附加关系(additive relationship)指后一句子对前一句子添加补充信息。
17. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of "______" in words.
A.a
B.r
C.i
D.wh
A B C D
B
[解析] 美国英语和英国英语之间最突出的语音差异就是单词中r的发音。
18. Advertisement English differs from other varieties of English in many ways. A tactful use of homophones can be found in the following advertisement "______."
A.Never bathe alone
B.Tm MORE satisfied (cigarette)
C.7 days without 7-up make one weak (beverage)
D.We've hidden a garden full of vegetables where you'd never expected in a pie
19. Nonverbal messages which serve the function of ______ the verbal messages are ones that could stand alone if the verbal messages were not present.
A.complementing
B.repeating
C.contradicting
D.regulating
A B C D
B
[解析] 非语言信息具有重复语言信息的功能,如果语言信息不出现,非语言信息可以独立存在。
20. When an item in the target nonverbal communication systems corresponds in both form and meaning to an item in the native nonverbal communication system, the learner can simply ______ the item in his or her native non-communication systems to the target ones.
Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There is more than one correct answer to each question.
1. Thought is the _____ of the human brain.
A.function
B.influence
C.product
D.medium
A B C D
AC
[解析] 思维是人脑的功能和产物。
2. The word "young" is associated with "______" in English culture.
A.vigorous
B.creative
C.inexperienced
D.flexible
A B C D
ABD
[解析] 在英语文化中,“年轻”一词与“充满活力的、创造性的、灵活的”联系在一起。
3. Which of the words have inflectional morphemes?______
7. Honourifics are used to show ______ to one's interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker's modesty.
respect
[解析] 敬称是用来表示与我们讲话和谈话中提到的人的尊敬,而谦词用来表达说话人的谦恭。
8. In English letters of request and indeed in most English letters, the ______ for which the letter is written precedes the supporting information.
purpose
[解析] 在英文求助信中,实际上在大多数英文信中,是先提出目的,然后再提供相关信息。
9. Generally the English news report serves to amuse the reader, to present a piece of news in a light tone, while the Chinese news report is almost exclusively ______.
informative
[解析] 一般说来,英语新闻报道倾向于娱乐读者,语气轻松汉,而语新闻报道只注重传播消息。
10. Human territories can be classified into three basic categories: primary territory, secondary territory and ______ territory.
public
[解析] 人类领土可分为三种基本类型:主要领土、次要领土和公共领土。
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What does culture mean in a broad sense?
In its broad sense culture is the attributes of man. Whatever distinguishes man from therest pan of the world is culture.
2. What is emphasized by collectivism?
The obligations and responsibilities that individuals have for the society (are emphasized by collectivism).
3. Why was "Poison" that seemed a shock to people used as a perfume brand name?
In western countries people like to break away from conventions. Anything new or challenging conventions might be welcome.
4. What is psychological time orientation?
Psychological time orientation refers to how people fee, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives. Through the study of psychological time three psychological orientations have emerged: the past, present and future.
Ⅴ. Translation.
1. 今天的人民日报在哪儿?
Where's today's "People's Daily"?
2. 没什么,这是我应该做的。
It's my pleasure. /I'm glad to be of some help.
3. 知识就是力量。
Knowledge is power.
4. 久仰大名
I've heard a lot about you. /Your name is well-known here to us.
1. a nine days wonder
昙花一现
2. red handed
现行犯的
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics.
1. What are allusions? How do they reflect culture?
Allusions are implied or indirect references. In most, if not all, languages people enrich their speech or writing with indirect references to characters or events from culture: literature, legends, history, religion, sports, ect. Such indirect references—allusions—not only make language richer but also make communication vivid and easier. Without sufficient knowledge about the culture in which the language is spoken and the people who speak the language, allusions in that language are difficult, if not impossible, to understand. They come from culture heritage and require a working knowledge about the culture for proper interpretation.
2. Discuss the features of styles of language by analyzing the following sentences. (1)Visitors should go up the stairs at once. (2)Would you mind going upstairs right away, please? (3)Time you all went upstairs, now.
Sentence (1) is of formal style. Formal style is for audiences too large tor effective interchange with the speaker, as lectures by college professors, or scholarly talks at academic conferences. Such speech is normally planned, although generally with less precision and elaborateness than in the frozen variety. Sentence (2) is of consultative style. Consultative style is for conducting most business matters, but not aiming close friends. Such conversations lend to be more or less spontaneous. The words and sentence structures are generally those that come to mind without much deliberation. Sentence (3) is of casual style. Casual style is for conversations between close friends, colleagues or classmates about topics that are not serious. Casual conversations are spontaneous. Most of the features of oral language can be found in casual conversations.