Ⅰ. 重写句子Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.1. Jerry is smart. He should be able to handle eighteen credits this semester. (compound sentence)
Jerry is smart, so he should be able to handle eighteen credits this semester.
[解析] 原句含有两个简单句,要求合并为并列句。简单句在转化为并列句时常采用逗号加并列连接词的方法。原句之间是因果关系,本题的连接词应选用连词so。译文:杰瑞很聪明,本学期他应该能考过18个学分的课程。
2. At 29, he became a general of the Red Army. (loose sentence)
He became a general of the Red Army at 29.
[解析] 此题要求把掉尾句改为松散句,即把句子里主要思想或要说的东西从句尾移到句首。这句话的主要思想是he became...,所以把时间状语放后即可。
3. I like roller-skating. I like ice-skating better. (compound sentence)
I like roller-skating, but I like ice-skating better.
[解析] 原句是两个简单句,要求变为一个并列句。简单句合并成并列句的一种方式是逗号加并列连接词。从句意来看,两句之间是比较关系,意思上有所转折,故可选用连词but。译文:我喜欢滑旱冰,但我更喜欢滑冰。
4. She began to giggle as we walked out of the conference room. (periodic sentence)
As we walked out of the conference room, she began to giggle.
[解析] 本题考查松句和掉尾句之间的转换。题目中关键意思是“she began to giggle”,若转换成掉尾句须将其后置。
5. It's true whether you believe it or not. (periodic sentence)
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
[解析] 原句是一个含有whether引导的让步状语从句的松散句,要求转变为掉尾句。只需要把whether引导的从句放于句首,而原主句后移即可,这样就可在开头造成悬念,吸引读者读到最后才知道完整的意思。
6. The tall hedge muffled (减弱) the noise. The hedge surrounded my house. (complex sentence)
The tall hedge which surrounded my house muffled(减弱)the noise.
[解析] 原句为两个简单句,第一个简单句意为:高高的树篱减弱了嗓音;第二个意为:树篱环绕着我的房子。要求合并为复合句。很显然第一个句子是主要意思所在。合并时可将第二句转换为第一句句子主语的后置定语从句。
7. As the lecture is long and important, I hope you will come early. (loose sentence)
As soon as the plane lifted off the runway, it began to shake noticeably.
[解析] 此题要求把松散句改为掉尾句,即把句子最关键的东西移至句尾。
8. The house had been burglarized. Smith couldn't sleep soundly for several months. (complex sentence)
Smith couldn't sleep soundly for several months, since the house had been burglarized.
[解析] 原句是两个简单句,要求合并为一个复合句。复合句是含有主句和从句的句子。本题的主句是后半句,这点比较容易判断,关键是前半句(即从句)连接河的选用。从句意来判断,前句在时间上先于后句,故可用连词since引导。译文:自从房子被盗以来,史密斯有几个月不能好好睡觉。
9. Mark had waited for her girlfriend for almost one hour. He decided to go back home. (sentence with a modifying phrase)
Having waited for her girlfriend for almost one hour. Mark decided to go back home.
[解析] 本题考查将句子改写为含修饰性短语的句子、根据题目中两个动作发生的先后顺序,把首句转换成短语较为合适。注意:由于首句是完成时态,让其作状语时应写作“Having waited...”而不是“waiting for...”。
10. Shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24 to get home early for Christmas Eve. (sentence with "to Opener")
To get home early for Christmas Eve, shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24.
[解析] 译文:12月24号那天店主们通常早早地就关了店门回家过圣诞节。要求将该句变成以to开头的一个句子。To位于句首时,通常引出表强调的目的状语。可将to get home early for Christmas Eve提到句首即可。
Ⅱ. 修改句子Correct the errors in the following sentences.1. The article is difficult to understand not because the vocabulary is technical but because of the complicated sentence structure.
The article is difficult to understand not because the vocabulary is technical but because the sentence structure is complicated.
[解析] 本句中由not...but...引起的两部分内容,在句法功能上,都是状语,但在语法表现形式上却不相同,属于典型的错误平行结构。改正时只需将两部分内容都变成由because引导的状语从句即可。
2. Climbed up to the tree, he shouted and waved his hand to the rescue team.
Climbing up to the tree, he shouted and waved his hand to the rescue team.
[解析] 考查垂悬修饰语的修改。题目中“climbed”一词在句中无逻辑主语,故可将其转换成-ing形式作后面主句的状语成分。
3. Entertainment is an important part of our lives it is hard to imagine it can be replaced.
Entertainment is an important part of our lives, and it is hard to imagine it can be replaced.
[解析] 本题考查串句的修改。根据串句的修改方法:(1)采用句号和大写;(2)逗号和连接词;(3)使用分号,这里采用第二种方法最为合适。
4. Because he said nothing does not mean that he agreed to your proposals.
He said nothing does not mean that he agreed to your proposals.
[解析] 这道题的错误出在作主语的从句用连词引导了。表示因果关系的连词不能用作主语从句的引导词。所以在改正时只需删除连词because即可。
5. I read the story in the book which did not interest me at all.
I read the story which did not interest me at all in the book.
[解析] 本题考查修饰语错置而引起歧义的句子的修改。根据修饰语应与其修饰对象尽量靠近的原则,将“which did not interest me at all”置于“story”之后。
Ⅲ. 辨认主题句2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
Living a quiet, calm life is still possible in the midst of heavily populated areas. For example, Salem County, on the Delaware Bay, has the largest chemical manufacturing companies located in its boundaries. There are plans to build a huge nuclear power reactor in Salem Country soon. But the bay still affords about a dozen men a quiet, peaceful, independent way to earn their living. These are crabbers. They gather wild crabs with traps that are called "pots," selling the fresh crabs to restaurants and commercial seafood packers in the area. Each crabber has about 150pots. From July to October, the men work an eight-hour day, beginning very early each morning, going out in boats to check their pots.
Living a quiet, calm life is still possible in the midst of heavily populated areas.
[解析] 本段文章作者在第一句点出了他的主旨,即在人口稠密的地方仍然可以过一种安静的生活。其他所有句子都是作者通过举Salem County的例子证明他的观点,故标题句应为首句。
Ⅳ. 重新组合段落1. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.
B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.
C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.
D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists—one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.
E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.
F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.
G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.
H. The reason is quite simple, my mother loves them.
[解析] 通篇来看讲的是father和mother对购物的不同态度,因此开头应有一件事引出两人的不同态度,所以B应为句首,而H句则给出了B句的原因。E句写的是父亲的观点,因此其前可列举母亲的购物观点,则F句。G句写到母亲购物时的细节,与D句中的does so相呼应。与此同时,A句紧接D句内容,写出父亲在母亲购物时的举动。
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子1. The chief reasons people wear masks are these: to have fun, to protect themselves, to disguise themselves, and to acquire a new identity. Masks are very useful. At Halloween, children wear masks for fun; they may, of course, also think they are disguising themselves, but chiefly their motive is to experience the joy of saying "boo" to someone. Soldiers wore masks for protection, in ancient times against swords and battle-axes, in more recent times against poison gas. Bank robbers wear masks to disguise themselves, and though of course this disguise is a sort of protection, a robber's reasons for wearing a mask is fairly distinct from a soldier's. All of these reasons so far are easily understood, but we may have more trouble grasping the reason that primitive people use masks in religious rituals. Some ritual masks seem merely to be attempts to frighten away evil spirits, and some seem merely to be disguises so that the evil spirits will not know who the wearer is. The masks are usually made of paper. But most religious masks are worn with the idea that the wearer acquires, through a union with supernatural powers, a new identity, and thus in effect becomes—really becomes, not merely pretends to be—a new person.
(1) Masks are very useful.
(2) The masks are usually made of paper.
[解析] 本段主题句中的关键词是:to have fun,to protect themselves,to disguise themselves,and to acquire a new identity,这就决定了所有的推展句必须围绕戴面具的目的这一主题而展开,任何与此无关的句子都是多余的。段中的Masks are very useful.和The masks are usually made of paper.与这一主题无关。
Ⅵ. 写信1. Write a letter to your friend according to the following situation: You (Weiping) haven't heard from your friend (Zhijie) since the SARS outbreak. You tell him or her about yourself and the general situation in Beijing during that period. Since Beijing was taken off the list of SARS-infected areas, things have gradually come back to normal. You would encourage him or her to come for a visit in autumn, as it is the best season of the year. (150~200 words)
July 23, 2007
Dear Zhijie,
I haven't heard from you since the SARS outbreak. During that period, most schools were closed and my training class was also stopped. We were advised to stay where we were and to keep away from public places. Trans-provincial travel was discouraged. It was a very important and effective measure taken by the government to keep the disease from spreading.
Since Beijing was removed from the list of SARS' infected areas in late June, everything has gradually come back to normal. People are traveling again. I remember once you told me you would like to come to Beijing for a visit. If you have some time at your disposal later this year, I would encourage you to come in October, as this is the best season in Beijing. If you come, I could be your guide. Please give my best regards to your family. Take care and stay in touch!
Sincerely yours,
Weiping
[解析] 本文要求写一封问候信,属于私人信件。问候信件一般应包括:(1)对友人的思念;(2)对朋友的关心;(3)介绍自己周围的情况;(4)邀请友人做客;(5)祝福语。
Useful expressions:
(1) I haven't heard from you since the SARS outbreak.
(2) How are you getting on with yourself?
(3) Beijing has been removed from the list of SARS' infected areas.
(4) I suggest you to come to Beijing in autumn, for it's the best season in Beijing.
(5) Hope to hear from you soon!