2. Though cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. (loose sentence)
He was often sad in private though cheerful in company.
[解析] 本题考查松句和掉尾句之间的转换,题目中心意思是“He was often sad in private”,将其提至句首即可。
3. Bruno tends to get bored when he is sitting on the beach, watching the waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, and reading detective stories. (simple sentence)
Bruno tends to get bored sitting on the beach, watching the waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, and reading detective stories.
[解析] 本题要求把句子改写成简单句。由于when引导的从句的主语和主句的主语相同,所以可以将when以及从句的主语和谓语直接去掉,使“sitting on the beach, watching the waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, and reading detective stories”作伴随状语,构成简单句。
4. The robot can monitor the temperature. It can also cut off the power automatically in an emergency. (sentence with parallel structure)
The robot can monitor the temperature and also cut off the power automatically in an emergency.
5. The farmers had got the land, the laws were changed by them.
The farmers had got the land, and the laws were changed by them.
[解析] 本题同样考查串句的修改。可采取增加连接词使前后成为并列句的方法改正。
Ⅲ. 辨认主题句
1. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. The very act of stepping outside of your comfort zone is critical to your success. Our brains are wired such that it's difficult to take action until we feel at least some stress and discomfort. In fact, performance peaks when we're well out of our comfort zone. If you're too comfortable, your performance suffers from inaction; if you move too far outside of your comfort zone, you melt down from stress. Stepping outside of your comfort zone makes you better, and it doesn't have to be something as extreme as climbing Mount Everest. It's the everyday challenges that push your boundaries the most, none of which require a flight to Nepal. Just embrace these challenges since no one has ever accomplished anything remarkable when comfortable.
The very act of stepping outside of your comfort zone is critical to your success.
2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. We now have, as a result of modern means of communication, hundreds of thousands of words flung at us daily. We are constantly being talked at, by teachers, preachers, salesmen, public officials, and motion-picture sound tracks. The cries of advertisers pursue us into our very homes, thanks to the radio—and in some houses the radio is never turned off from morning to night. Daily the newsboy brings us, in large cities, from thirty to fifty enormous pages of print, and almost three times that amount on Sunday. We go out and get more words at bookstores and libraries. In this modern world, words fill our lives,
3. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided. First, there are always customers to be served. I work in a downtown McDonald's that gets lots of traffic, and as soon as I serve one customer, there is always another one ready to order. There is constant pressure because I can never step back for a few minutes and relax. Second, I have to put together all of the orders myself. To do that, I have to move all over the serving area: French fries on one side, drinks on the other, and burgers in the middle. I must always move at a fast pace. McDonald's has an image to uphold, and its workers must scurry (小跑) about like ants. Finally, my manager really keeps the pressure on. He watches us like a hawk, and every time I do something wrong, he seems to catch it. He also has a reputation for firing people, and he never lets any of the workers feel that their jobs are safe. By the end of the day, I'm emotionally and physically drained, like everyone else, and we all head out the door grumbling.
A.Working at McDonald's is very tiring.
B.McDonald's offers French fries, drinks and burgers.
C.Workers at McDonald's are expected to uphold its image.
D.McDonald's managers are all like hawks and keep the pressure on.
1. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given. A. Industries and government contribute another 20 percent: the largest industrial polluters are petroleum refineries. B. The air we breathe is about one-fifth oxygen and a little less than four-fifths nitrogen(氮), with traces of other gases, water vapor, and the waste products we put into it. C. Homes, apartments, and offices use coal, gas and oil for heat. D. Motor vehicles account for over 51 percent of the total polluting material sent into the atmosphere every year. E. Heating is also a major source of pollution. F. Most air pollution is caused by the gasoline-powered internal combustion (燃烧) engines of cars, trucks and buses. G. Another source of pollution is the incineration(烧成灰烬) of garbage, trash, metal, glass, and other waste. H. Electrical power plants also contribute about 20 percent of the total air pollutants by burning coal or oil for electrical power.
A
H
E
B
F
D
A
H
E
C
G
[解析] A项讲的是工业和政府机关所造成的污染占20%,其中最大的工业污染源是炼油厂。D项讲的是汽车占每年大气污染总量的51%还要多。D项中的51 percent和A项的another 20 percent相对应,故D应该排在A的前面。F项讲的是大多数的空气污染是由汽车、卡车和公交车的内燃机燃烧汽油造成的,和D项中的motor vehicles相对应,故F应该排在D的前面。B项讲的是我们所呼吸的空气含有大约1/5的氧气、略低于4/5的氮气、其他微量气体、水蒸气以及我们所排出的废弃物。B项中的the waste products we put into it和F项中的air pollution相对应,故B应该排在F的前面。E项讲的是热量也是一个重要的污染源。C项讲的是家庭、公寓和办公室用煤、天然气和石油来提供热量。这是对热量的详细描述,故C应该排在E的后面。G项讲的是另外一个污染源是垃圾、废弃物、金属、玻璃等的焚烧,故G应该排在C的后面。
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子
1. Read the following paragraph and cross out TWO irrelevant sentences. The Arctic is shaping up to be one of the most strategically important regions in the 21st century. However, while Russia has been steadily building its Arctic capabilities, the U.S. nearly lost its only heavy polar icebreaker on an Antarctica deployment. Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020. Thankfully, the U.S. government is beginning to take this gap seriously and there are actions the government can take to accelerate this revitalization (振兴). First, the Coast Guard should consider purchasing foreign-built icebreakers. Also, Congress can work with the Coast Guard to facilitate more efficient business practices. Foreign-built icebreakers could be significantly less expensive. Finally, the government should increase the Coast Guard's total acquisition budget. If Congress and the executive branch do not act quickly to reverse the current trends, then the U.S. is partially losing the opportunity to be a key player in this strategic region.
Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020. Foreign-built icebreakerd could be significantly less espensive.
[解析] 本段大意为:北极正在发展成21世纪最具战略意义的地区之一。然而,当俄罗斯一直在稳步发展其在北极地区的能力时,美国在一次南极部署中几乎失去了它唯一的重型极地破冰船。谢天谢地,美国政府开始认真对待这个差距,并且政府可以采取一些措施来加速复兴的进程。首先,海岸警卫队应该考虑购买国外制造的破冰船。此外,国会可以和海岸警卫队联手,共同推进更高效的业务往来。最后,政府应该增加海岸警卫队收购预算总额。如果国会和行政机构不迅速采取行动来扭转当前的趋势,那么美国在一定程度上就正失去成为这一战略地区主要玩家的机会。根据本段大意可知,“Russia plans on adding two icebreaking patrol ships armed with cruise missiles by 2020.”和“Foreign-built icebreakers could be significantly less expensive.”与本段主题无关,故删除。
Ⅵ. 写信
1. Write a letter according to the following situation: You are Li Xiao. Your friend Zhang Jun is studying at Shanghai University. You miss him very much. Write a letter to ask him about his life. (150-200 words)
85 Minglun Street Kaifeng, Henan 475001 March 20, 2011 Dear Zhang Jun,
When are you coming back to Henan University? Or are you getting to like Shanghai so much that you don't want to come back? We all miss you very much; Xiao Li says he hasn't had a decent tennis game since you went away. I hope you took a lot of pictures this time, so that you can show us where you have been and all the interesting things you've done. Write to us soon and let us know when we can expect you. Affectionate greetings from all of us.
Cordially, Li Xiao
[解析] 应用文包括的内容很多,有便条、信件、个人简历等。试卷一般要求写信件的比较多。信件的格式是考查的重点之一。英文信函包括六个部分:写信人地址,收信人地址,称谓,正文,结束语和签名。在写信时需要注意的有如下几点:(1)英汉语书写地址的排列顺序不同;(2)在私信中,信笺里收信人的地址常被略去;(3)在私信中,称呼对方的名;在商用信函中,称呼对方的姓;(4)对不认识的人,或不知对方身份、性别的人的称呼用语;(5)商用信函和私人信件所用的结束语不同;(6)商用信函签名时,要在亲笔签名下用打字机打出自己的名字和身份;(7)若随信有附寄的东西,就写上“Enclosure(s)”或“Encl.”的字样,若有遗忘的事需要补写,就写上“P. S.”字样。此题中假设你叫李晓,你的朋友张军在上海大学读书,你十分想念他,现在你要写一封信询问他的生活情况。这是一封私人信件,写信问候你的朋友过得怎么样。首先注意在私人信函中要称呼对方的名字,而且收信人的地址将被省略。信的内容可以比较随便,但主题是要关于李明在上海大学的生活情况,并表明你对他的思念之情。信的结尾不用太正式,可以用“affectionate greetings from all of us”这类的祝福语。最后一项是结束语,私人信件常用的结束语有:Love,Yours, As ever, Fondly, Sincerely, Affectionately, With love, Yours with love, Best wishes. With best wishes, Yours truly, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely。第一个字母要大写,后面用逗号。私人信件中结束语和签名通常位于右边,正文最后一行后空两行。