ATranslate the following words and phrases into Chinese.3. international community
6. international bank lending
ACorrect or improve the translation of the following English sentences.1. 原文:“well, Fred, I don't mind telling you my secret. I'm part of a noble family. I have just found out this afternoon.”
译文:“好吧,弗雷德,我可不在乎把这个秘密讲给你听,我是一个高尚的家庭的成员哩。这是我今天下午刚刚发现的。”
“好吧,弗雷德,我可不在乎把这个秘密讲给你听,我是一个贵族家庭的成员哩。这是我今天下午刚刚发现的。”
[解析] 翻译时往往需要考虑文化、历史等背景因素,原译文就是忽略了英语国家的历史文化因素,仅仅按字面意思理解将“noble family”译成“高尚的家庭”,实则为“贵族家庭”。
2. 原文:The importance of this conference can not be overestimated.
译文:这次会议的重要性不能被过分强调。
这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。
[解析] 这句话关键在于英语句型结构的理解,cannot...over...译为“怎样……也不过分”。
3. 原文:It's true that many new homes are rising in many old cornfields. But for the most part, life in the vast area of American heartland remains pretty much the same as it was 30 or 40 years ago.
译文:诚然,往昔的玉米地里矗立起一座座住宅。但大体上,美国中部广大地区的生活依然很美好,恰如三四十年前一样。
诚然,美国中部广大地区往昔的玉米地里矗立起一座座新住宅。但大体上,那里的生活与三四十年前相比没有多大变化。
[解析] 原译文对原句中pretty much the same as it was 30 or 40 years ago部分的理解有误。要注意比较结构的翻译。英语中比较结构的使用频率比汉语高,对比较结构要正确理解和灵活变通。
4. 原文:For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery.
译文:依我看来,我认为这不仅仅是一个赢得自由或者沦为奴隶的问题。
依我看来,我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自由要么沦为奴隶的问题。
[解析] 原译文对英语否定词组的意思翻译不正确。nothing less than意为“和……一模一样,完全”;汉译时在freedom和slavery前增添“要么赢得……,要么沦为……”,使译文更通顺、连贯。
5. 原文:what makes the Industrial Revolution especially English? Obviously, it began in England.
译文:什么使工业革命特别是英国的呢?不言而喻,因为它始于英国。
为什么工业革命具有英国特色呢?不言而喻,因为它开始于英国。
[解析] 结合历史知识和上下文可看出,此处especially English意为“having English characteristics”,即“具有英国特色”。
BCorrect or improve the translation of the following Chinese sentences.1. 原文:当年在广州闹革命的时候,我们还年轻气盛。
译文:When we were making revolution in Guangzhou in the past, we were young and arrogant.
When we were making revolution in Guangzhou, we were young and arrogant.
[解析] 原译文的in the past多余,因为过去进行时本身就表示过去发生的事情,可以表示“当年”,因此不必再添加时间状语。
2. 原文:二十年来,我国的航天事业从胜利走向新的胜利。
译文:In the past twenty years, our aeronautics cause has won victories one after another.
In the past twenty years, we have won victories in aeronautics one after another.
[解析] 原译文的主语使用错误。汉语的拟人化程度较高,拟人化在汉语中较常见。而在英语中,此类表达往往被视为修辞上的语病。根据英文的表达习惯,原句的拟人手法在翻译成英语后不能保留,解决的办法是恢复原句中隐含的主语(we),重新选择动词搭配(won victories)。
3. 原文:我已经提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
译文:I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and he has also fulfilled his assigned work ahead of schedule.
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule,and so has he.
[解析] 原译文太过累赘和重复,因此可以用地道的英语句式“so+助动词+代词”来表达和上文重复或意思相近的话。
4. 原文:我生在上海长在上海。
译文:I was born and grown up in Shanghai.
I was born and brought up in Shanghai. / I was born and grew up in Shanghai.
[解析] 原译文的语态使用不正确。“grow up”是个主动动作,不能使用过去分词表示被动意思,可以将其改为过去时态或者“brought up”。
5. 原文:中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护,把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略。
译文:China is a major developing country with a long coastline. China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state's development strategy.
As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state's development strategy.
[解析] 原文是两个句子,但这两个句子的主语相同,都是China,鉴于英语不喜欢重复和多用长句的特点,可以把两个句子合并为一个。第一句在译文中以介词短语形式放在句首和第二句一起译成完整的一句,显得简练,也避免了重复。
ATranslate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.1. I find young people exciting.
They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.
他们无拘无束,既不追逐卑鄙的名利,也不贪图生活的安逸。
[解析] 原句是并列复合句。have all of...意为“有……的氛围”,have an air of freedom在此意译为“无拘无束”第二个分句中commitment to...和love of...都是名词短语,汉译时转化为动词,符合英语多用名词,而汉语习惯用动词表达相同意思的特点一“追逐名利,贪图安逸”的译文是意译,也更汉语化。
2.
Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.
有两个因素严重地妨碍着工业中科学研究的效率。
[解析] 原句是“主谓宾”结构的简单句,主语为two factors,谓语为weigh against,宾语为the effectiveness,本句翻译的关键是理解动词词组weigh against。weigh意为“具有重要性”;weigh against可译为“不利于……;对……有不利影响” scientific research和in industry都是对effectiveness的修饰,汉译时修饰词通常由大到小排列在中心词前,因此可译为“工业中科学研究的效率”。
3.
There is probably no organization in the United States that does not practice marketing to some extent. Not only business firm that provide products and services, but also other organizations in our society have come to increasingly rely onmarketing to achieve their objectives.
可能所有的美国机构都在某种程度上应用营销学。
[解析] 原句是主从复合司。本句主要采用反译法,有一些双重否定的句子在翻译的过程译为肯定句。to some extent译为“在某种程度上”。
4. The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respect a parent who admits that he is wrong or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.
What the chill can not forgive is the parents' refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
孩子们所不能原谅的是:父母错了,孩子们也看出来了,可是做父母的还不承认。
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,what引导的从句作句子的主语,译为“孩子们所不能原谅的是”。refusal是名词,汉译时转化为动词“拒绝”。按照汉语的习惯,后面部分的表达顺序应该是,“孩子们先知道父母的错”,然后“指出”,接着是“父母拒绝承认”。knows them to be true中的them指的是charges“控诉,指责”。
5. Of even more concern: we are stuck in a painful jobs crisis.
200 million people around the world are looking for work today—if the unemployed formed their own country, it would be the fifth largest in the world.
今天,全世界还有2亿人正在找工作。如果失业人口自成一国,那将成为世界第五大国。
[解析] 形容词前加the后可以指代相应的名词,因此the unemployed译为“失业人口”。
BTranslate the following underlined sentences into English.1. 在四川两部,有一美妙的去处。
它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶,树木苍翠,花香袭人,鸟声婉转,流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。
Situated beneath Xuebao Peak of Minshan Mountains in Songpan County, Huanglong is a wonderland where you can enjoy exuberant trees, fragrant flowers, singing birds and babbling streams.
[解析] 原句是两句话,译文将其合为一句。旅游文本的翻译应“以原语文化为基准,以译语读者为导向”,尽可能保留原语文化信息,又要使外国读者理解。本段英语译文保留了全部原文的信息,但对原文的结构做了很大调整。汉语过于松散,但形散神不散,英语则尽可能还原其紧凑准确的结构。“背倚岷山主峰”用形容词situated表达,且将第二句的松潘县在此一并说出。“树木苍翠,花香袭人……”等是汉语特有的结构,翻译时应该完整地译出主谓宾,即Huang long is a wonderland where you can enjoy...。
2.
“中国并不缺大学,在高等教育毛入学率不断攀升的今天也不缺大学生,缺的是世界一流大学和一流人才。”他说,“高等学历人才培养的趋同,是我国高等教育发展的明显弊端。”
There is no lack of universities in China, or college students, with the enrollment rate constantly rising today. What it lacks is world-class universities and top-grade talents.
[解析] 原句有两个并列谓语,但只有一句话,译文根据译群的划分将其译为两句话。原句的主语为“中国”,“缺”是动词,译文将其转换为名词,“不缺”译为no lack of...,且用there be句型表达。“入学率”译为enrollment rate. “What it lacks”在译文中作主语,且引导词在从句中作宾语。“世界一流的”分别用world-class和top-grade表达,因为英语不喜欢重复。
3.
必须优化传统的出口商品结构,靠价格和数量竞争的时代已经一去不复返了。在当今激烈竞争的世界上,只有以质取胜和改善售前售后服务才能行得通。
The traditional pattern of export products needs to be optimized. Gone are the days when merchandise geared to price competition on mass market had its way.
[解析] 原句是无主句,译文将其分译为两个句子。首先,“必须优化传统的出口商品结构”,也即“传统的出口商品结构必须被优化”,将无主句转化为英语的完整句,用原句的宾语作主语,使用被动语态。第二个分句的主语是“时代”,“靠价格和数量竞争”是其定语,英译为定语从句;“一去不复返”应译为独立主格结构“gone are the days...”。gear to意为“使适应”,have one's way意为“得逞,行得通”。
4.
我们知道慢性这就是为什疼痛可以扰乱一个人的生活,导致延误工作到抑郁之类的问题。这就是为会么越来越多的医院现在都依赖专门研究之统疗法的内科医生。
We know that chronic pain can disrupt a person's life, causing problems that range from missed work to depression.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,从句有两个谓语,分别是“扰乱”和“导致”。英语较注重句子结构和各部分之间的逻辑关系,原句“导致从延误工作到抑郁之类的问题”是“扰乱工作”的结果。可以用表示结果的现在分词结构表达,即causing problems...。“……到……”译为range from...to...。
5.
太阳的光在经过地球的大气层时会受到温度变化和空气中小颗粒的影响。与我们通常的想法相悖的是,阳光并非总是以直线传播。
As light passes through the Earth's atmosphere, it is affected by changes in temperatures as well as particles in the air.
[解析] 原句是主从复合句,从句为“在经过地球大气层时”。“会受到……的影响”表示被动,因此译文用被动语态。“小颗粒”译为particle。
ATranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. Nearly four months after giant waves swept more than 5,300 people to their deaths along the country's southern coast, the island of Phuket(普吉) — the crown jewel of Thailand's beach resorts — has patched and pasted itself together.
An aftershock on March 28 caused a brief scare among those who felt it, but hotels, restaurants, businesses and cruise operators say it has had virtually no long-term impact on bookings and arrivals.
Along the main shopping streets, a few workers still hammer and drill, and some vendors hang their wares in front of damaged shops. But Phuket today is almost as good as new.
All that is missing now, people on Phuket say, is the tourists.
泰国南部沿海巨浪吞噬了5300多人的生命,此事过去已快四个月了。普吉岛——泰国海滨旅游胜地中的璀璨明珠——也已修缮完毕。
3月28日发生过一次余震,有人感觉到了,引起了短暂的惊慌,但据酒店、饭馆、公司、游艇的业主们称,这次余震对游客的预订和到达几乎没有什么长远的影响。
在几条主要的商业街上,仍有一些工人手持榔头和钻在那里干活儿,一些商贩也把货物挂在了破损的商店门前。但普吉岛如今几乎可以说已是焕然一新了。
普吉岛上的老百姓说,现在缺少的就是游客了。
[解析] (1)第一段只有一句话,是主从复合句,译文对原文的结构做了较大调整,改译为两句话。汉语叙事时习惯先说时间、地点,因此将“泰国南部沿海”置于句首,nearly four months after...也可译为“近四个月前”,将其置于句首。根据汉语表达习惯,swept more than 5,300 people to their deaths译为“吞噬了5300多人的生命”。patched and pasted意为“修补和粘贴”,意译为“修缮”。the crown jewel意译为“璀璨明珠”。
(2)第二段的这句话是并列复合句,其中又有who引导的定语从句。英语多长句,句子结构严谨,汉语多短小的分句,句子结构松散,形散神不散。本段的翻译即可体现这一点。第一个分句结构做了调整,汉语强调因果,本句中“有人感觉到”是因,“引起了恐慌”是果,因此顺序上为先因后果。
(3)第三段中hammer和drill都是动词,汉译时转换为对应的名词,译为“手持榔头和钻在那里干活儿”。as good as new意译为“焕然一新”。
(4)最后一句是主从复合句,主句为all is the tourists,从句为that is missing now,修饰all。people on Phuket say是插入语,汉译时可前置。因此译为“现在缺少的就是游客了”。
BTranslate the following passage into English.1. 中国人民之所以要进行百年不屈不挠的斗争,之所以要实行一次又一次的伟大变革,实现国家的繁荣富强;之所以要加强民族团结,完成祖国统一大业;之所以要促进世界和平与发展的崇高事业,归根到底就是为了一个目标:实现中华民族的伟大复兴,争取对人类做出新的更大的贡献。
The Chinese people waged a dauntless struggle for one hundred years. They have effected great reforms and changes one after another to build China into a strong and prosperous country. They have worked to strengthen ethnic solidarity and achieve national reunification and to promote the lofty cause of world peace and development. In the final analysis, they have done all this for just one objective, that is, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and China's new and greater contributions to humanity.
[解析] 原文只有一段,由几个排比句构成。汉语不怕重复,对关键词的重复可以增强语言气势,增加语言美感。但英语不喜重复,所以译文中省略了多个“之所以”,直接叙述事件。“进行斗争”译为wage a struggle。“实现国家的繁荣富强”是“实行变革”的目的,因此用不定式表目的。“归根到底”译为in the final analysis;“中华民族的伟大复兴”译为the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。