The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds (环绕) the North Pole. Like Antarctica (南极洲), the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading—125 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温标) below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero. One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature—the killing chill of the far North and the polar South. To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures. Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive. What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land. Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition (探险考察) scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own. Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps (沼泽) and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.
1. The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 原文第二段第二句话提到“Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading”,即南极洲保持着气温读数的最低纪录。
2. Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 原文第二段最后一句话提到南极冬天的平均气温是零下73度。
3. The Arctic and Antarctica are no man's lands because of their killing coldness. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 根据原文第三段第一句中的“in parts of the Arctic”,说明北极只是部分地区人无法居住,而不是完全不适合人类生存。
4. Polar explorers can stay alive by wearing warm coats and furs. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据原文第五段,极地探险家包裹着暖和的大衣和毛皮(wrap themselves in warm coats and furs),也能存活(stay alive)。
5. Despite the hostile environment,both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据原文第六段最后两句话,南北极的海洋和陆地都有生物。
6. As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
[解析] 文中未提到北极在过去是否也一直这么冷。
7. Antarctica is colder than Arctic on average. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据原文第二段最后部分可看出,南极的平均温度比北极低。
8. Heaters should be kept going in the night for men to survive in polar areas. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 根据原文第四段第二句话,加热设备必须始终开着(at all times),夜间肯定也得开着。
9. Coal is rich in Antarctica. ______
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
[解析] 原文只提到在南极洲发现了煤,未提到煤炭在南极洲很丰富。
10. At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there. ______
Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37℃; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature. For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into "warm-blooded" and "cold-blooded" species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥) —each cold-blooded—usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms (同温 动物),and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms (变温 动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物), and the latter are called ectotherms (外温动物). Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments.
1. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A.body temperatures of various animals
B.the newest research on measuring temperature
C.methods of temperature reduction
D.the classification of animals by temperature regulation
4. According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by ______.
A.seeking out appropriate locations
B.hibernating part of the year
C.staying in deep water
D.triggering certain metabolic processes
A B C D
A
[考点] 事实细节题。
[解析] 本题问外温动物调节体温的主要方法是什么。答案见第三段中的这么一句“...they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat.”答案显然应该是A。
5. According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by ______.
①A pay-for-play system for video DVD will emerge by summer as an alternative, and possibly a competitor, to the DVD format currently available. ②The new system, called Digital Video Express (Divx), operates like a DVD player, except for the specially coded discs. These will cost $5 for initial viewing over a 48-hour period and can be viewed again for additional fees and even purchased for unlimited viewing. ③Divx combines the service of a video rental (出租的) store with the operation of a pay-per-view channel. Unlike a rented videotape,though, the Divx disc needn't be returned. Customers can retain the disc for replay in the future at an additional fee, or simply throw it away. ④Subsequent plays, or the purchase of unlimited-viewing rights, are billecl to the customer's Divx account and charged to a credit card. The player's built-in memory keeps track of all Divx plays, and sends this information by toll-free phone modem (调制解调器) to the Divx record-keeping centre. Each Divx disc and player has a unique identification code, so the system knows which discs have been played and where. ⑤Some Divx discs could be converted for unlimited play at a price likely to be lower than buying a conventional DVD. Others, called Divx Gold, would be sold from the beginning for unlimited play without further charge. Although conventional DVDs will run in a Divx player, conventional DVD players will lack the decoding (解码) and communications ability to play Divx discs. Divx players will be offered by Panasonic, RCA, and Zenith.
1. Paragraph ①______ A. Booming Business of Circuit City B. Possible Appearance of a System C. The New System Called Divx D. Unlimited Play of Divx Discs E. Disc-play Tracking and Billing Systems F. Two Functions Combined
6. The Divx disc is different from the rented videotape in that once offered, the Divx disc ______. A. will not be taken back by the shop B. is specially coded C. offer this Divx system D. is likely to be cheaper than the conventional DVD disc E. has been played and where F. is owned by retailer Circuit City
How do Movies or Television Influences People's Behavior?
The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. 1 They grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. The major means that mass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. 2 Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling, fascinating and immortal love, Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun. and All Quite On the Western. Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to this country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 3 The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper or in the beginning of a television program. The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. 4 In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority, the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss "the important issues" , has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. 5 A. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source. B. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. C. Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was. D. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. E. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation. F. Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important to know.
[解析] 根据空格前“The major means that mass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society.(大众媒体影响公众的重要手段是建立社会讨论的议题)”,可知选项B最符合逻辑。
3.
F
[解析] 根据空格后有关重要与不重要议题的表述,得知选项F最符合逻辑。
4.
D
[解析] 根据空格前“The 'not important' stories are the ones that are not being told at all.(那些‘并不重要’的故事根本就没有被告知)”,得知选项D最符合逻辑。
5.
A
[解析] 根据空格前“In brief,mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss 'the important issues', has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society.(总之,大众媒体通过提供主题和影响我们讨论‘重要问题’的方式,强烈地影响着我们对真相、世界、社会结构等的认识)”,可知选项A最符合逻辑。
There ls no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the 1 speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who 2 in England. Their languages became more and more 3 to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language. Speech community is similar to other kinds of 4 . The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who 5 the same language no matter where they happen to live. We may say that anyone who speaks English 6 to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the 7 of education, commerce, and so on. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for most nations in the world which employ it as an 8 second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the 9 of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely 10 on an understanding of English. A. international B. native C. speak D. belongs E. purpose F. language G. communities H. settled I. similar J. same K. heavily L. largest
1.
L
[解析] 此处需要填一个形容词作定语。
根据后半句“with the exception of Chinese”判断前面应该用形容词的最高级,故largest为正确答案。largest非常适合此句语境:现在除汉语外,说英语的人构成了世界上最大的语言群体,此题应选L。
[解析] 此处系动词became后需要填一个形容词作表语,这个形容词还要和后面的to each other搭配,纵观备选单词中的几个形容词:largest已用过,same,international,national和native放在此处句意不通,也排除,故similar为正确答案。 similar to为常见搭配,此句意思是“他们的语言变得越来越相似”,因此此题应选I。
Online dating is a dating system which allows people to make contact and communicate with each other over the Internet, usually with the object of developing a 1 (romance) relationship. Online dating services usually provide matchmaking over the Internet through the use of personal computers or cell phones. Online dating sites generally requires 2 (apply) to provide personal information before they can search the database for other individuals using criteria they set, such as age,gender, race, religion and 3 (locate). Most sites allow members to upload photos of themselves and browse those of others. Sites may offer 4 (addition) services, such as online chatting, telephone chatting, and message boards. Some sites provide free 5 (register), but may offer services which require a 6 (month) pay. For example, they may offer full access to profiles, but provide additional services to pay, such as 7 (place) users' profiles at the top of the list, making their profiles appear several times in different places in the search result and giving them a more 8 (advance) search engine to work with. In one real example, free users may only search for persons of 9 (specify) age, gender and city, while subscribers may also search for such information as height, weight and interests. Other dating sites depend on advertising for their income. In recent years such sites have become 10 (increase) popular.
1. 请根据所提供材料中的要求撰写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 You want to sell some of your furniture. You think a friend of yours might like to buy it from you. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter, 1) explain why you are selling your furniture; 2) describe the furniture; 3) suggest a date when your friend can come and see the furniture. You do not need to write the address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear...
Dear Jean,
As you know, we'll be moving to a new house soon and there are a few things that I won't he able to take with me. The new house is a bit smaller so I have to sell some furniture and I was wondering if you might be interested.
In particular I want to sell my big dining table. Do you remember it—the one in the living room? It has wooden legs and a grey glass top and it's big enough for six people. There are six mating chairs to go with it.
I know you've always liked this furniture so I could let you have it at a good price. I'd rather sell it to you than to a stranger.
Why don't you come around and take another look at them on Saturday? We'll be here all day that day, so maybe we could have some lunch together?
Give me a ring and let me know if the time is convenient for you.