If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to statistics, you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman and more than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There're many reasons for this—typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta. "This is particularly so for those over 40, when diseases tend to strike." Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year. "When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer," he says. "Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life." According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40 see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. "A lot of men think they're invincible (不可战胜的)," Gullotta says. "They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, 'Geez, if it could happen to him...'" Then there's the ostrich approach. "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill. "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it's called premature death."
1. Men are more likely to die of cancers and AIDS than women.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 题干要求判断男性是否比女性更有可能死于癌症和艾滋病。本文讲述了男性健康的问题。第一段提到了男性比女性更容易得皮肤癌,“more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman”(比女性死于皮肤癌的几率高出两倍多),并且“more than nine times more likely to die of AIDS”(死于艾滋病的几率高出女性九倍多),所以题干表述是正确的。
2. All the men in Australia can live to the end of their natural term, being 78 years old.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 题干要求判断澳大利亚所有男性是否都可以活到生命的自然结束,也就是78岁。文中的第一段提到“Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia”,它只是告诉我们在澳大利亚男性的平均寿命是78岁,并没有说所有男性都可以活到78岁,所以题干表述是错误的。
3. Men don't like to see doctors because it often costs them a lot of money.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
[解析] 题干要求判断男性不喜欢看医生是否因为这会花费不少钱。文中第二段只是提到了这个事实,即“men don't go to the doctor”。第三段也提到了“Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should”,但没有明确告诉我们是因为会花费不少钱,所以无法判断题干信息是否正正确。
4. If you are over forties, you will be very likely to suffer from some deadly diseases.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
[解析] 题干要求判断如果过了40岁,你是否会有可能得某些致命的疾病。文中第三段提到“This is particularly so for those over 40, when diseases tend to strike”,意思是“对那些过了40岁的人尤是如此,这时很多疾病就会出现了”,但并未说是“deadly diseases”,所以无法判断题干信息是否正确。
5. The older a man gets, the more frequent he should visit his doctor.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 题干要求判断是否男性年龄越大越应该多去看医生。第三段提到了几句话,“a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year”,也就是“健康男性每一年或两年应该看一次医生,过了45岁应该至少一年一次”,从这里可以推断出作者的观点是年龄越大就越应该多看医生,所以题干表述是正确的。
6. Sometimes, earlier detection and treatment may be beneficial for prolonging one's life.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 题干要求判断早期的检查和治疗是否对延长寿命有效果。第四段作者提到了一位50岁男性的例子,目的是告诉我们“Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life”,即早期的检查和治疗或许对治愈疾病效果不大,但是可以延长人的寿命,所以题干是正确的。
7. More women aged between 15 and early 40 see a doctor than men because women are more afraid of getting sick.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
C
[解析] 题干要求判断介于15岁到40岁之间的女性看医生的人数比男性多,是否由于女性更惧怕得病。文中第五段提到了“95% of women aged between 15 and early 40 see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group”,即女性看医生的人数比男性多,但是没有给出具体的原因,所以无法判断题干信息是否正确。
8. Most men think they are strong enough and can't be defeated by disease.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 题干要求判断大部分男性是否认为他们很强壮不会被疾病击垮。文中第六段提到“A lot of men think they're invincible”,意思是“很多男性认为自己是不可战胜的”,具体指的就是不会被疾病所击垮,所以题干是正确的。
9. Regular check-ups only cost the individuals and the government needn't pay for that.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
B
[解析] 题干要求判断定期体检是否仅仅花的是个人的钱,政府不用为此买单。最后一段提到了“Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse”,意思是“定期检查不可避免地会给政府的钱包增加负担”,所以政府还是要为此买单的,所以题干中的表述是错误的。
10. One will spend less with prevention than treating the diseases in the long run.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A B C
A
[解析] 题干要求判断长期来看在预防疾病上花的钱是否比治疗疾病所花的钱要少。最后一段提到“prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases”,很明显,题干是正确的。
One of the best known proverbs must be "Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." The promise of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the ranks of the early retires and rises must be particularly appealing to many people in our contemporary society. There is no doubt that one of the greatest concerns of modern man is his health. It is estimated that in the United States $200 billion are spent on healthcare each year. The medical field has grown into such a big business that it employs 4.8 million people. Much more interest has been shown in preventive medicine in recent years. This is probably due to the increasing costs of medical treatment, but the writings of such people as Dr. Kenneth Cooper have also played an important role. In his book Aerobics, Dr. Cooper communicated his message of the benefits of exercise so effectively that many other authors have followed in his trail, and literally millions of readers have put on their sports shoes and taken to the highways and byways of America. A recent survey showed that over 17 million people are jogging. Many of these are so serious that they trained themselves to run the 26 miles and 385 yards of the hard and tiring marathons (马拉松) that are organized all over the country. The last time I was in Honolulu, I was amazed to see hundreds of people, young and old, running for their lives. And I discovered many of them have run in the Hawaiian Marathon. Exercise has also become a major part of conversation. At a dinner party recently,the president of a bank asked me, "You look like a runner;how far do you run each day?" A few days later when I appeared on a national television show, the host suddenly asked me if I was a regular runner. On both occasions the conversation turned to the subject of exercise and I found that this is a subject on many people' s minds.
1. The "early rises" mentioned in the first paragraph are ______.
A.people who go to bed early
B.people who have a lot of money
C.people who get up early
D.people who give up their work early
A B C D
C
[考点] 词义猜测题。
[解析] 该题考查考生根据上下文推测词义的能力。根据题目中的early rises可定位至开头第二句。通读该句及上下文,可根据第一句的“early to bed and early to rise(早睡早起)”猜出其意。因此该题正确答案为C。
2. The first paragraph suggests that medical workers ______.
① What distinguishes a student? What makes the student stand out from the rest of the class? The four As: attitude, academic skills, awareness, and accomplishment, certainly are a large part of it, and a student who has them will be very, likely to earn As. ② Attitude is primarily a genuine desire to learn, and the willingness to do hard intellectual work to achieve understanding. It is also shown by how well you apply yourself even to subjects in which you have little interest, and how much you can achieve even when a professor's style isn't to your liking. ③ Academic skills include ability to read with comprehension, intelligent use of resources (including library resources), logical and mathematical skills, efficient study habits, and the ability to communicate clearly and fluently in speaking and writing. ④ Awareness of what's going on in the world around you,and the habit of intelligently relating it to your academic courses. For example, when taking a course in political science, you should relate what you are learning in class to what's happening on the national and world political scene. When taking a science course, you should relate scientific principles to phenomena you observe in everyday life, and go out of your way to find applications and examples of science in the real world. ⑤ Accomplishment is demonstrated by successful application of understanding. The evidence of that is: correct and confident application of what you've learned to new problems and challenges, clear and effective communication of your understanding through speaking and writing, and possession of a base of information, skills and understanding sufficient to allow you to continue your education outside of the classroom, throughout your life.
1. Paragraph ①______ A. Awareness B. Academic Skills C. What Distinguishes a Student D. Attitude E. Accomplishment F. What Is a Genuine Student
[解析] 从第二段开始,作者逐一介绍了the four As。第一个A是Attitude。故答案为D。
3. Paragraph ③______
B
[解析] 第三段第一句说明这一段介绍第二个A,Academic skills。故答案为B。
4. Paragraph ④______
A
[解析] 第四段第一句说明这一段介绍第三个A,Awareness。故答案为A。
5. Paragraph ⑤______
E
[解析] 最后一段第一句说明这一段第四个A,Accomplishment。故答案为E。
6. Attitude is shown by how well you apply yourself even to subjects in which ______. A. logical and mathematical skills B. communication of your understanding C. successful application of understanding D. you have little interest E. on the national and world political scene F. possession of a base of information
What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. 1 Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. 2 Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! 3 Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. 4 But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. 5 He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. A. Man need not do housework. B. This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. C. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. D. For man is slowly changing all the time. E. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. F. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller.
1.
D
[解析] 对于“未来人类长什么样子”这个问题。我们只能猜测,但可以肯定的是未来的人类与现在的人长得不一样,而文章后面几段全部是围绕这些不同展开的论述,因此空格处的内容应该与这一信息相关。通过分析备选,可以看出选项D“For man is slowly changing all the time”符合上下文语境,解释了为什么未来的人类与现在的人长得不一样,因此D为应填句子。
本文是一篇推测关于未来人类长什么样子的说明文。文章从“5000年甚至50000年后的人长什么样子?”这一问题开始,大胆推测了一下未来人类的样子。首先,根据历史发展,人类会长得更高;其次,由于人类用脑越来越多,将带来头部的生理变化,尤其是前额会变得更大。第三,为了适应长时间用眼,人类的眼睛会更加强健。另外,人类的四肢可能较弱,而手指更加灵敏。由于头发没什么用途,可能将来的男人和女人都会是秃头。也许将来的人类没有现在长得好看,但具有和我们一样的思想和感情。
选项含义简单概括:A项人类不需做家务。B项这将带来头部的生理变化,尤其是前额会变得更大。C项但是,同时我们的手指会更加灵敏,因为我们在现代生活中用的越来越多。D项因为人类一直在缓慢地变化。E项尽管有了这些变化,将来的人类还是和我们有很多共同点。F项现在,人类平均比那时高3英寸左右。
[解析] 本段讨论的是未来人们的四肢变化,在剩余选项中,C选项中的our fingers与此信息一致,而且At the same time, however两词在结构上起到了承上启下的衔接作用,they are used a great deal和前面的make less use of相对照,保持了上下文的连贯,因此C为应填句子。
5.
E
[解析] 根据前面的介绍,人们可能认为将来的人类没有现在长得好看,空格后作者表示未来的人类毕竞还是人类,因此他们的思维和情感和我们是相似的,因此空格处的内容应该是关于未来人类与现在人类的相似之处的信息。选项E“...future man will still have a lot in common with us.”在句意和逻辑方面符合上下文语境,因此E为应填句子。
Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or 1 functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abuse" is often used 2 of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully 3 as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is 4 : an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in 5 will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense 6 distortions. Repeated use of substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is 7 . Drugs (substances) that affect central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped 8 to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogen. Stimulants initially speed 9 or activate the central nervous system, 10 depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness. A. perceptual B. whereas C. over D. misused E. discontinued F. pervasive G. instead H. mental I. excess J. up K. according L. at
Is nuclear power really a monster? No, definitely not. First of all, nuclear power is much safer than other means of energy 1 (product). More than 6,000 coal miners died worldwide in 2004. The nuclear industry started from the end of 1950s, there are now more than 430 nuclear plants under safe 2 (operate) worldwide, supplying 16 percent of total world 3 (electronic). It was a fact, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), that compared with energy sources like coal,hydroelectricity, and 4 (nature) gas, nuclear energy is by far the 5 (safe). In 6 ( add), nuclear power is much more environment-friendly. It does not emit greenhouse gases, which means it poses no 7 (threaten) to climate change. According to the WHO statistics, every year 150,000 people die directly or 8 (indirect) from climate change. The 9 (combine) threats of climate change,heavy transportation load, energy 10 (secure) and fears over the high prices and dwindling reserves of oil are forcing countries like China towards the nuclear option. As each coin has two sides, so it is with nuclear power. What we have to do is to draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages. What we should not do is to stop eating for fear of chocking.
[范文] Dear Manager, I am one of your customers and I am writing to complain about the quality of the digital camera. I bought it with my friend last Friday morning at your store. During the five days I brought the camera home, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery can support the camera's operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I believe you can give me a reasonable solution to these problems. I will appreciate it if my problem receives your attention as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply!